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Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 67 Page ID #:66
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 67 Page ID #:66
`
`
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-001
`
`COMPLAINT-001
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 2 of 67 Page ID #:67
`Case 8:20-cv-OO490 Document 1-1 Flil
`lllllflllMflllfllllflWlllillflilflllllll“MillllTlll‘fllfilll
`
`US006937300B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 6,937,300 B2
`(10) Patent N0.:
`Inoue et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`(54) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Hiroyasu Inoue, Kawasaki (JP); Yuji
`Nakahata, Kawasaki (JP); Yoji
`Taniguchi, Kawasaki (JP)
`
`(73) Assignee: Fujitsu Display Technologies
`Corporation, Kawasaki (JP)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 64 days.
`
`(21)
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Appl. No.:
`Filed:
`
`10/892,766
`
`Jul. 16, 2004
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2004/0263719 A1 Dec. 30, 2004
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(60) Division of application No. 10/263,257, filed on Oct. 2,
`2002, now Pat. No. 6,778,229, which is a continuation—in—
`part of application No. 10/107,989, filed on Mar. 27, 2002,
`now abandoned.
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(30)
`Oct. 2, 2001
`May 10, 2002
`
`....................................... 2001-306906
`....................................... 2002-136128
`
`(JP)
`(JP)
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.7 ......................... G02F 1/1333; G02F 1/13;
`G02F 1/1343; G02F 1/1335
`
`(52) US. Cl.
`
`......................... 349/93; 349/187; 349/143;
`349/99
`
`1/1999 Tagusa et al.
`.............. 349/138
`5,859,683 A
`
`3/1999 Shimada et al.
`...... 349/110
`5,877,830 A
`
`7/1999 West et al.
`.............. 349/156
`5,929,960 A *
`8/2000 Sako et al.
`6,108,061 A
`5/2002 Kubota et al.
`6,396,077 B1
`9/2003 Seo et al.
`................... 349/141
`6,628,362 B2
`12/2003 Choi
`6,657,686 B2
`6,657,695 B1 * 12/2003 Song et al.
`................. 349/143
`
`6,771,344 B2 *
`8/2004 Lyu et al. ............. 349/143
`6,778,244 B2 *
`8/2004 Song et al.
`................. 349/129
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`
`8—62606
`11—95221
`2001—91974
`
`3/1996
`4/1999
`4/2001
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner—Toan Ton
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Greer, Burns & Crain, Ltd.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition
`containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid
`crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the
`liquid crystal composition layer,
`to achieve substantially
`orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the
`alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by
`adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or
`any display defect is driven out of the display area. When
`radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing
`the photosensitive material,
`the alignment of the liquid
`crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substan-
`tially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and
`the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.
`
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 349/187, 143,
`349/93, 178, 99
`
`1 Claim, 43 Drawing Sheets
`
`PRUTRUSIUN
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`
`COMPLAINT-002
`
`COMPLAINT-002
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 67 Page ID #:68
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 67 Page ID #:68
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 1 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`DATABUSLINE COMMON
`
` BUSLINE
`
`
`GATE
`
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`
`ELECTRODE
`
`(X304PLJXHVT3003
`
`COMPLAINT-003
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 67 Page ID #:69
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 67 Page ID #:69
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 2 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 5 of 67 Page ID #:70
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 5 of 67 Page ID #:70
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 3 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`DATABUSLINE
`
`
`
`BREAKAGEOCCURSHERE
`
`COMPLAINT-005
`
`COMPLAINT-005
`
`

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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 67 Page ID #:72
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 67 Page ID #:73
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 67 Page ID #:73
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 6 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`Mian.
`
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`
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`COMPLAINT-008
`
`COMPLAINT-008
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 67 Page ID #:74
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 67 Page ID #:75
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 67 Page ID #:75
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 8 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`C 9 S 2
`
`COMMON
`ELECTRODE
`
`CIC
`
`
`
`GATE
`BUS LINE
`
`COMPLAINT-010
`
`COMPLAINT-010
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 67 Page ID #:76
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 67 Page ID #:76
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 9 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`DATABUSLINE
`
`
`
`COMMONELECTRODE
`
`a
`
`COMPLAINT-01 1
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`COMPLAINT-011
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 67 Page ID #:77
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 67 Page ID #:77
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`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 10 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.10
`
`WHITE BRIGRTNESS
`
` 8
`
`11
`
`11.
`
`’17
`
`20
`
`23
`
`26
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`29
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`APPLIED VOLTAGE [V] DURING CURING
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`
`[V] DURING CURING
`
`COMPLAINT-012
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`COMPLAINT-012
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 67 Page ID #:78
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 67 Page ID #:79
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 67 Page ID #:79
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`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 12 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.13
`
`
`
`Fig.14
`
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`
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`COMPLAINT-014
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`COMPLAINT-014
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 67 Page ID #:80
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 67 Page ID #:80
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 13 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 67 Page ID #:81
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 67 Page ID #:81
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 14 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.16
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 67 Page ID #:82
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 67 Page ID #:83
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 67 Page ID #:83
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 16 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 67 Page ID #:84
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 67 Page ID #:84
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 17 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`
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`COMPLAINT-019
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`COMPLAINT-019
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 67 Page ID #:85
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 67 Page ID #:85
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 18 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`
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`COMPLAINT-020
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`COMPLAINT-020
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 67 Page ID #:86
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 67 Page ID #:86
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 19 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`
`
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`"AND
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`COMPLAINT-021
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`COMPLAINT-021
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 67 Page ID #:87
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 67 Page ID #:87
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 20 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 67 Page ID #:88
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 67 Page ID #:88
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 21 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.23
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 67 Page ID #:89
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 67 Page ID #:89
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 22 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`
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`COMPLAINT-024
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`COMPLAINT-024
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 67 Page ID #:90
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 23 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.25
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 67 Page ID #:91
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 67 Page ID #:91
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 24 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.27
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 67 Page ID #:92
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 67 Page ID #:92
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 25 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.29
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`

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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 67 Page ID #:93
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 67 Page ID #:93
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2005
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`Sheet 26 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
`
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 67 Page ID #:94
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 67 Page ID #:94
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 27 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`AREA
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 67 Page ID #:95
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 31 of 67 Page ID #:96
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 31 of 67 Page ID #:96
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 29 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`Fig.34
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 67 Page ID #:97
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 67 Page ID #:97
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 30 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 67 Page ID #:98
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 67 Page ID #:98
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 31 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`Fig.37
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 67 Page ID #:99
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 67 Page ID #:99
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 32 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 67 Page ID #:100
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 67 Page ID #:100
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 33 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 67 Page ID #:101
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 67 Page ID #:101
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 34 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`Fig.40
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 67 Page ID #:102
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 67 Page ID #:102
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 35 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`Fig.41
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 67 Page ID #:103
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 67 Page ID #:103
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 36 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 67 Page ID #:104
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 67 Page ID #:104
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 37 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 67 Page ID #:105
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 67 Page ID #:105
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 38 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 67 Page ID #:106
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 67 Page ID #:106
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 39 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 42 of 67 Page ID #:107
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 42 of 67 Page ID #:107
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 40 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 67 Page ID #:108
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 67 Page ID #:108
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 41 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`TRANSISTOR
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 67 Page ID #:109
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 67 Page ID #:109
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 42 0f 43
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`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 67 Page ID #:110
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 67 Page ID #:110
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 30, 2005
`
`Sheet 43 0f 43
`
`US 6,937,300 B2
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`Fig.49
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 67 Page ID #:111
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-1 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 67 Page ID #:111
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`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`1
`LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a division of application Ser. No.
`10/263,257 filed Oct. 2, 2002, now US. Pat. No. 6,778,229.
`This application is a continuation-in-part of application
`Ser. No. 10/107,989, filed Mar. 27, 2002, now abandoned.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display
`device to be used for
`television and other display
`apparatuses, to a method of fabricating the same and, more
`particularly, to a liquid crystal display device that uses a
`liquid crystal material containing a photosensitive material
`and a method of fabricating the same.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`A liquid crystal display device is a display device that
`comprises a liquid crystal sealed between two opposing
`substrates and that uses electrical stimulus for optical
`switching by exploiting the electro-optical anisotropy of a
`liquid crystal. Utilizing the refractive index anisotropy that
`the liquid crystal possesses,
`the brightness of the light
`transmitted by the liquid crystal panel
`is controlled by
`applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and thereby reori-
`enting the axis of the refractive index anisotropy.
`In such a liquid crystal display device, it is extremely
`important to control the alignment of liquid crystal mol-
`ecules when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. If the
`initial alignment is not stable, when a voltage is applied to
`the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules do not align
`in a predictable manner, resulting in an inability to control
`the refractive index. Various techniques have been devel-
`oped to control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules,
`representative examples including a technique that controls
`the initially formed angle (pretilt angle) between the align-
`ment film and the liquid crystal and a technique that controls
`the horizontal electric field formed between the bus line and
`
`the pixel electrode.
`The same can be said of a display device that uses a liquid
`crystal material containing a photosensitive material;
`specifically, in a liquid crystal display mode in which the
`initial alignment is controlled by radiation of light in the
`presence of an applied voltage,
`the voltage application
`method during the radiation becomes important. The reason
`is that, if the magnitude of the applied voltage differs, a
`change will occur in the initially formed pretilt angle,
`resulting in a change in transmittance characteristics.
`In connection with a first aspect of the invention, tech-
`niques called passive matrix driving and active matrix
`driving have usually been used to drive liquid crystals;
`nowadays, with an increasing demand for higher resolution,
`the active matrix display mode that uses thin-film transistors
`(TFTs) is the dominant liquid crystal display mode. In a
`liquid crystal display having such TFTs, when radiating light
`onto the liquid crystal while applying a voltage to it, it is
`usually practiced to expose the liquid crystal to light radia-
`tion while applying a TFT ON voltage to each gate bus line
`and a desired voltage to each data bus line, as shown in
`FIGS. 1 and 2.
`
`However, when such a liquid crystal exposure method is
`employed, if there is a line defect due to a bus line break or
`short, as shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal will be exposed
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
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`
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`to light when the liquid crystal in the affected area cannot be
`driven, and a pretilt angle different from that in other areas
`will be formed in this defect area, resulting in the problem
`that the brightness in this area differs from the brightness in
`other areas.
`
`in the TFT channel ON state, a shift in the TFT
`Or,
`threshold value can occur due to exposure to ultraviolet
`radiation, as shown in FIG. 4, resulting in the problem that
`the region where the TFTs can be driven stably shifts from
`the desired region.
`On the other hand, in connection with a second aspect of
`the invention, displays using the TN mode have been the
`predominant type of active matrix liquid crystal display, but
`this type of display has had the shortcoming that the viewing
`angle is narrow. Nowadays, a technique called the MVA
`mode or a technique called the IPS mode is employed to
`achieve a wide viewing angle liquid crystal panel.
`In the IPS mode, liquid crystal molecules are switched in
`the horizontal plane by using comb-shaped electrodes, but a
`strong backlight is required because the comb-shaped elec-
`trodes significantly reduce the numerical aperture. In the
`MVA mode, liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically to
`the substrates, and the alignment of the liquid crystal mol-
`ecules is controlled by the use of protrusions or slits formed
`in a transparent electrode (for example, an ITO electrode).
`The decrease in the effective numerical aperture due to the
`protrusions or slits used in MVA is not so large as that caused
`by the comb-electrodes in IPS, but compared with TN mode
`displays, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal panel is
`low, and it has not been possible to employ MVA for
`notebook computers that require low power consumption.
`When fine slits are formed in the ITO electrode, the liquid
`crystal molecules tilt parallel to the fine slits, but in two
`different directions. If the fine slits are sufficiently long,
`liquid crystal molecules located farther from a structure such
`as a bank that defines the direction in which the liquid crystal
`molecules tilt are caused to tilt randomly in two directions
`upon application of a voltage. However, the liquid crystal
`molecules located at the boundary between the liquid crystal
`molecules caused to tilt in different directions, cannot tilt in
`either direction, resulting in the formation of a dark area
`such as that shown in FIG. 29. Further, in a structure where
`the liquid crystal molecules are caused to tilt in two different
`directions in order to improve viewing angle, if there are
`liquid crystal molecules that are caused to tilt in the opposite
`direction, as shown in FIG. 29, the viewing angle charac-
`teristics degrade.
`In connection with a third aspect of the invention, in an
`LCD (MVA-LCD) in which an N-type liquid crystal
`is
`aligned vertically and in which, upon application of a
`voltage, the molecules of the liquid crystal are caused to tilt
`in a number of predefined directions by using alignment
`protrusions or electrode slits, the liquid crystal molecules are
`almost completely vertically aligned in the absence of an
`applied voltage, but are caused to tilt in the various pre-
`defined directions when a voltage is applied. The tilt direc-
`tions of the liquid crystal molecules are controlled so that
`they always make an angle of 45° to the polarizer absorption
`axis, but the liquid crystal molecules as a continuum can tilt
`in a direction intermediate between them. Furthermore,
`areas where the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules
`is displaced from the predefined direction inevitably exist
`because of the effects of the horizontal electric field, etc. at
`the time of driving or irregularities in the structure. In
`normally black displays where the polarizers are arranged in
`a crossed Nicol configuration, this means that dark areas
`
`COMPLAINT-046
`
`COMPLAINT-046
`
`

`

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`US 6,937,300 B2
`
`3
`appear when the display is driven in the white display state,
`and the screen brightness thus decreases. To address this
`problem, in a liquid crystal display device constructed by
`sandwiching between two substrates a liquid crystal com-
`position containing a photopolymerizable or thermally poly-
`merizable component, there is employed a technique that
`polymerizes the polymerizable component while applying a
`voltage, thereby defining the direction in which the liquid
`crystal molecules tilt in the presence of an applied voltage.
`With this technique, however, if the polymerization is
`insufficient, image sticking can occur. This is believed to
`occur because the rigidity of the polymerized polymer is
`insufficient and deformation occurs due to the realignment
`of the liquid crystal molecules at the time of voltage appli-
`cation. On the other hand,
`to sufficiently polymerize the
`polymer, the duration of light radiation must be increased,
`but in that case, takt time at the time of volume production
`becomes a problem.
`In connection with a fourth aspect of the invention,
`conventional liquid crystal display devices predominantly
`use the TN mode in which horizontally aligned liquid crystal
`molecules are twisted between the top and bottom
`substrates, but gray-scale inversion occurs in the mid gray-
`scale range because the tilt angle of the liquid crystal differs
`depending on the viewing direction, that is,
`the viewing
`angle. To address this, a technique called the MVA mode has
`been proposed in which vertically aligned liquid crystal
`molecules are tilted symmetrically in opposite directions to
`compensate for the viewing angle. In this technique, align-
`ment control members made of an insulating material are
`formed on electrodes to control the liquid crystal tilt direc-
`tions. However, since the liquid crystal molecules tilt in 180°
`opposite directions on both sides of each alignment control
`member, a dark line is formed and transmittance decreases.
`To obtain sufficient transmittance, it is preferable to reduce
`the area occupied by the alignment control members by
`forming them spaced farther apart, but this would in turn
`slow the propagation speed of the tilt, resulting in a slow
`response speed.
`To address this, a technique has been proposed in which
`a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable
`component is sandwiched between substrates and, while
`applying a voltage,
`the polymerizable component
`is
`polymerized, thereby defining the tilt direction of the liquid
`crystal molecules. This achieves a faster response speed
`while retaining the transmittance.
`However, in the case of a liquid crystal display device in
`which the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules is
`defined by polymerizing the polymerizable component in
`the liquid crystal while applying a voltage, there arises the
`problem that display unevenness occurs after the polymer-
`ization of the polymerizable component, because of the
`separation of the liquid crystal and the polymerizable com-
`ponent which occurs when the liquid crystal material is
`injected at high speed at the initial stage of injection or when
`there is an abrupt change in speed near a frame edge.
`In connection with a fifth aspect of the invention, in a
`liquid crystal display device, it has traditionally been prac-
`ticed to control the alignment direction of the vertically
`aligned panel by a TFT substrate having slits in pixel
`electrodes and a color filter substrate having insulating
`protrusions, and it has therefore been necessary to form the
`dielectric protrusions on one of the substrates. Fabrication of
`such a liquid crystal display device therefore has involved
`the problem that the number of processing steps increases.
`Furthermore, forming the protrusions within display pix-
`els leads to the problem that
`the numerical aperture
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`decreases, reducing the transmittance. In view of this, it has
`been proposed to control the alignment of the liquid crystal
`molecules by a polymerizable component added in the liquid
`crystal,
`in order to achieve multi-domains without using
`dielectric layer protrusions. That is,
`the liquid crystal to
`which the polymerizable component is added is injected into
`the panel and, while applying a voltage, the polymerizable
`component is polymerized, thereby controlling the align-
`ment of the liquid crystal molecules.
`However,
`if the polymer composition that defines the
`alignment direction does not have a sufficient cross-linked
`structure, the polymer becomes flexible, and its restoring
`force weakens. If the polymer has such properties, then,
`when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal to cause the
`liquid crystal molecules to tilt, and the liquid crystal is still
`held in that sta

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