Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 68 Page ID #:546
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 68 Page ID #:546
`
`
`EXHIBIT 8
`
`EXHIBIT 8
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-48 1
`
`COMPLAINT-481
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 2 of 68 Page ID #:547
`Case8=20-CV-00490 ”we“ 1'8 FllllllllllllllllfllIllll’lllll‘lllllIlllllllllllll’llllllllllfilll‘llllllll
`
`US008558959B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 8,558,959 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`Inoue et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Oct. 15, 2013
`
`(54) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`
`(52) US. Cl.
`USPC .............................. 349/39; 349/129; 349/130
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Hiroyasu Inoue, Kawasaki (JP);
`Kenichi Nagaoka, Kawasaki (JP); Yuji
`Nakahata, Kawasaki (JP); Yoji
`Taniguchi, Kawasaki (JP); Tetsuya
`Fujikawa, Kawasaki (JP); Yohei
`Nakanishi, Kawasaki (JP); Kazutaka
`{KlanaOka’ Kawasakl (JP); Yulchl 1119““
`awasak1 (JP), Masakazu Shlbasakl,
`Kawasaki (JP)
`
`(73) Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka (JP)
`
`(58) Field Of Classification Search
`USPC
`.................................... 349/39, 1297130
`See appl1cat1on file for complete search h1story.
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
`U-S- PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,073,772 A
`12/1991 Takafuji et al.
`5,136,407 A
`8/1992 Clerc
`.
`(Contmued)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`USC 15403) by 0 days
`
`JP
`JP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6-347795
`12/1994
`8-62606
`3/1996
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21) APPI- N05 133/609-1486
`(22)
`Filed:
`Sep. 11 2012
`3
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2013/0003001A1
`
`Jan. 3, 2013
`
`Related U-S- Application Data
`
`(60) Division of application No. 12/946,584, filed on Nov.
`15,
`.2010; HOW Pat. NO- 8384362: WhiCh is a
`cont1nuat1on 0f appl1cat1on NO- 12/191,017: filed 011
`Aug. 13, 2008, HOW Pat. NO- 7,956,969, Wthh IS a
`division of application No. 10/893,790, filed on Jul.
`16, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,450,206, which is a division
`of application No. 10/263,257, filed on Oct. 2, 2002,
`now
`Pat.
`No.
`6,778,229, Which
`is
`a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/ 107,989,
`filed on Mar. 27, 2002, now abandoned.
`_
`_
`_
`_
`_
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`(30)
`
`(JP) ................................. 2001-306906
`(JP) ................................. 2002-136128
`
`Oct. 2, 2001
`May 10, 2002
`(51)
`Int. Cl.
`G02F 1/1343
`G02F 1/1337
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`Patent Office of JapaniNotice 0f Reasons for Rejection issued Mar.
`15, 2011, for Japanese Application No. 2008-041762, with English
`language translation.
`.
`(Contmued)
`
`.
`.
`Przmary Exammer 7 James Dudek
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Greer Burns & Crain, Ltd.
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates,
`defined as a first substrate and a second substrate and a liquid
`crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates. The
`device also includes a pixel electrode and an additional elec-
`trode formed on the first substrate, and a contact hole that is
`configured and arranged to connect the pixel electrode and the
`additional electrode. In certain embodiments, the contact hole
`is formed at a liQUid crystal domain boundary. In other
`embodiments, an additional contact hole is also provided
`between the pixel electrode and a second additional electrode,
`and in such embodiments the contact hole and the additional
`contact hole are formed within different
`liquid crystal
`domains. Further, in certain embodiments, the pixel electrode
`includes a plurality of pixel electrode slits arranged in a
`pattern to form a plurality of liquid crystal domains within
`eaCh Plxel-
`
`18 Claims, 43 Drawing Sheets
`
`LIQUID
`CRYSTAL
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`GLASS
`
`SUBSTRATE
`
`\I
`
`/
`
`// \ \ \
`
`GLASS
`
`SUBSTRATE
`PRUTRUSION
`
`ITOITO
`PROTRUSION
`
`COMPLAINT-4 82
`
`COMPLAINT-482
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 68 Page ID #:548
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 68 Page ID #:548
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,937,311 B2
`7,450,206 B2
`7,956,969 B2 *
`
`8/2005 Song et al.
`ll/2008 Nakahata et al.
`6/2011 Inoue et a1.
`................... 349/129
`
`5,229,873 A
`5,307,189 A
`5,309,264 A
`5,327,001 A
`5,627,665 A
`5,643,471 A
`5,668,649 A
`5,680,187 A
`5,696,568 A
`5,854,663 A
`5,859,683 A
`5,877,830 A
`5,929,960 A
`6,052,162 A
`6,081,315 A
`6,108,061 A
`6,137,558 A
`6,160,604 A
`6,181,406 B1
`6,243,146 B1
`6,256,082 B1
`6,285,431 B2
`6,287,733 Bl
`6,330,048 Bl
`6,396,077 Bl
`6,407,791 B1
`6,445,437 Bl
`6,462,798 B1
`6,628,362 B2
`6,657,686 B2
`6,657,695 B1
`6,717,637 B1
`6,771,344 B2
`6,778,244 B2
`6,894,735 B2
`6,900,869 B1
`6,919,945 B2
`
`7/ 1993 Hirose et a1.
`4/1994 Nishiki et al.
`5/1994 Lien et al.
`7/1994 Wakai et al.
`5/1997 Yamada et a1.
`7/1997 Onishi et a1.
`9/1997 Suzuki et a1.
`10/1997 Nagayama et al.
`12/1997 Yamamoto et al.
`l2/l998 Oh et al.
`1/1999 Tagusa et a1.
`3/1999 Shimada et al.
`7/1999 West et al.
`................ 349/38
`4/2000 Shimada et a1.
`6/2000 Matsuyama et al.
`8/2000 Sako et 3L
`10/2000 Koma et 31'
`l2/2000 Mural et al.
`“2001 Morimoto et 31'
`6/2001 Rho et 31'
`7/2001 Suzuki et al.
`9/2001 LY? et 31;
`9/2001 Mlymkl 6t al~
`12/2001 Shloml et 3L
`5/2002 Kubota et 3L
`6/2002 Suzuki et a1.
`9/2002 Miyazaki et 3L
`10/2002 Kim et al.
`9/2003 Seo et al.
`12/2003 Choi
`12/2003 Song et al.
`4/2004 Yoon et al.
`8/2004 Lyu et al.
`8/2004 Song et a1.
`5/2005 Chae et al.
`5/2005 Lee et al.
`7/2005 Ha
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`10/1996
`8-278504
`9/1997
`9-244031 A
`4/1999
`ll-9522l
`4/1999
`ll-109393
`9/1999
`ll-249159
`3/2000
`2000-066213
`5/2000
`2000-137227
`5/2000
`2000-137238
`12/2000
`2000-347174
`4/2001
`2001—91974
`8/2001
`2001-235751
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Patent Office ofJapaniJapanese Office Action issued Dec. 21, 2010,
`for Japanese Application No. 2008-041760, with English language
`translation.
`Patent Office ofJapaniJapanese Office Action issued Dec. 21,2010,
`for Japanese Application No. 2008-041762, with English language
`translation.
`Office Action issued by the United States Patent and Trademark
`Office for US. Appl. No. 10/893,790, dated Dec. 14, 2005.
`Amendment B, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark
`Office on Oct. 12, 2006, in response to an Office Action issued for
`U~S~APP1~ No, 10/893,790.
`Amendment C, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark
`Office on Apr. 4, 2007, in response to an Office Action issued for US.
`Appl. No. 10/893,790.
`Supplemental Amendment D, filed with the United States Patent and
`Trademark Office on Oct. 29, 2007, in response to an Office Action
`issued for US. Appl. No. 10/893,790.
`Amendment E, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark
`Office on Mar. 25, 2008, in response to an Office Action issued for
`US. App1~ No. 10/893,790.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`COMPLAINT-4 83
`
`COMPLAINT-483
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 68 Page ID #:549
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 68 Page ID #:549
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
` DATABUSLINE
`
`
`
`COMMONELECTRODE
`
`COMPLAINT-4 84
`
`COMPLAINT-484
`
`

`

`aP
`f05e
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 5 of 68 Page ID #:550
`t
`om
`0940
`._H
`d
`g
`
`mam
`
`03mm00HZ%ae
`
`
`02"mup
`P8S%U
`#wmmop8W5
`35,
`
`mmmm23guD1%.as.
`CU
`
`e2,m5wl0aDO
`“0
`
`13
`
`
`
`mmaqumoqou
`
`mmomkomgm
`
`zozzoo
`
`Hzmzonq¢
`
`mmomkumgm
`
`Amme
`
`Huh
`
`
`
`
`
`fionH<Hm<m>2vZQHB<Ha«mammMMMHHHHHHHHqu
`
`COMPLAINT-485
`
`COMPLAINT-485
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 6 of 68 Page ID #:551
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 6 of 68 Page ID #:551
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.3
`
`
`BREAKAGEOCCURSHERE
`
`
`
`Ilifliiliilil
`IIEEEEIEIJEI
`
`
`Ilfiilli'fififii
`
`COMMONELECTRODE
`
`GATEBUSLINE
`
`fl
`
`
`
`DATABUSLINE
`
`COMPLAINT-4 86
`
`COMPLAINT-486
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 68 Page ID #:552
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 68 Page ID #:552
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`mm3mu,m
`
`2B959,
`
`w9mom8SoS:8-am.
`.U2.3
`mmuzogmoBacona20:33Emay:I81m:
`
`
`fl.283V9L“:
`
`:m:
`
`Id
`
`COMPLAINT-4 87
`
`COMPLAINT-487
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 68 Page ID #:553
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 68 Page ID #:553
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`ELECTRICAL
`
`Cs
`
`CAPACITANCE
`
`an---
`
`
`
`; Iliiflifliilil
`LI IIIIIJIIiIIIJIII
`
`
`
`
`I.!fl!]!]ll
`
`
`
`
`
` [:1ISHIGHRESISTANCECONNECTIONUSINGTFTORTHELIKE
`
`COMPLAINT-488
`
`COMPLAINT-488
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 68 Page ID #:554
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 68 Page ID #:554
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`:1 IS HIGH RESISTANCE CONNECTION USING
`TFT OR THE LIKE
`
`COMPLAINT-4 89
`
`COMPLAINT-489
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 68 Page ID #:555
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 68 Page ID #:555
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
` ELECTRODE
`
` GATEBUSLINE
`
`COMPLAINT-490
`
`COMPLAINT-490
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 68 Page ID #:556
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 68 Page ID #:556
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.8
`
`C 9 s 2
`
`COMMON
`
`ELECTRODE
`
`GATE
`BUS LINE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GATE
`BUS LINE
`
`
`
`DATA BUS LINE
`
`C952
`
`COMPLAINT-491
`
`COMPLAINT-491
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 68 Page ID #:557
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 68 Page ID #:557
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`La
`2:
`-:
`
`H0
`
` DATABUSLINE
`
`
`
`COMMONELECTRODE
`
`COMPLAINT-492
`
`COMPLAINT-492
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 68 Page ID #:558
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 68 Page ID #:558
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.10
`
`WHITE BRIGHTNESS
`
`[cd/
`BRIGHTNESS
`
`APPLIED VOLTAGE [V] DURING CURING
`
`Fig.“
`
`BLACK BRIGHTNESS
`
`.... 0.800
`NS 0.700
`3 0.600
`.3 0.500
`
`m 0.000
`
`m 01.00
`E 0.300
`E-'
`5 0.200
`a 0.100
`
`APPLIED VOLTAGE [V] DURING CURING
`
`COMPLAINT-493
`
`COMPLAINT-493
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 68 Page ID #:559
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 68 Page ID #:559
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 0f 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`mammo
`
`m2:
`
`“Mummi—
`.nlllu-
`_.u_lu_lu
`mum".
`
`
`
`
`III_-__Iu_lm_
`
`New:
`
`szmam<55
`
`“n“-mzfimmam
`
`
`
`maogumgm20:28a
`
`COMPLAINT-494
`
`COMPLAINT-494
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 68 Page ID #:560
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 68 Page ID #:560
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`Fig.14
`
`SUBSTRATE EDGE (GLASS EDGE)
`
`COMPLAINT-495
`
`COMPLAINT-495
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 68 Page ID #:561
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 68 Page ID #:561
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 13 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`IIIJIJIE'IIII
`
`
`
`E
`C)
`CG
`E——«D
`LL]
`.._1
`DJ
`
`2DZ
`
`e
`D
`
`
`
`C1:
`(/1
`13.:
`l-l
`5—1
`m
`«cu.
`L11
`LIJCDUQD
`U
`0:“.
`<CLL]
`<1:
`CJE—a H52:
`E—
`E—«HQD—ld:
`0
`.'>C:} DO 0...
`ZCLJJJQ‘JD
`LL}
`EH
`Lat—I
`C3D
`Lap—1 mHszD
`€02:
`azagae:
`>4:
`E—«ZPJE—‘zr—q
`5§eeam
`>E—«<C:>COH
`
`COMPLAINT-496
`
`w
`z
`4
`
`H.
`
`Em
`5%
`
`-\ a .4
`
`2Hb
`
`—J
`U)
`
`Dm <
`
`5"
`4:
`Q
`
`Fig.1?)
`
`COMPLAINT-496
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 68 Page ID #:562
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 68 Page ID #:562
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 14 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.16
`
`04V
`
`'5V
`
`A 6V
`
`AMPLITUDE OF
`AC VOLTAGE
`
`
`
`
`10
`
`100
`
`1000
`
`FREQUENCY [Hz]
`
`COMPLAINT-497
`
`COMPLAINT-497
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 68 Page ID #:563
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 68 Page ID #:563
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 15 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
` DATABUSLINE
`
`
`
`COMMONELECTRODE
`
`COMPLAINT-498
`
`COMPLAINT-498
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 68 Page ID #:564
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 68 Page ID #:564
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 16 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-499
`
`COMPLAINT-499
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 68 Page ID #:565
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 68 Page ID #:565
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 17 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.19
`
`_
`
`
`Hill
` EEII
`51_EEEEEII5E!
`--__II__|II[analil!EE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`II{I
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-5 00
`
`COMPLAINT-500
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 68 Page ID #:566
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 68 Page ID #:566
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 18 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`8.5050Qmmmé5:3mozfimHmmmmug3U
`
`n.inn.-
`“WEE"...-
`-—l_fl_fl_fl”H..—-l
`aflmfimmi
`
`.I—IuTlmTlm
`.I-I'J]]
`.I.l.'.d.
`
`mu<50>
`
`mH
`
`QmSnEq
`
`COMPLAINT-5 01
`
`COMPLAINT-501
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 68 Page ID #:567
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 68 Page ID #:567
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 19 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-5 02
`
`COMPLAINT-502
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 68 Page ID #:568
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 68 Page ID #:568
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 20 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`_.
`
`'.
`
`n
`
`'.
`
`LINE
`
`,,_________*_
`
`H
`
`
`
`-...[REPAIR
`EW/
`//A
`
`CONNECTED TO REPAIR LINE
`
`DC VOLTAGE IS APPLIED BETNEEN
`"AND
`
`7
`
`COMPLAINT-503
`
`COMPLAINT-503
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 68 Page ID #:569
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 68 Page ID #:569
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 21 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.23
`
`LIGHT
`
`~<::£:::::::ADIATION
`
`
`
`
`”I’ll
`‘\\O
`
`.......................
`
`
`
`
`
`III4\\\\‘\IIIJWI]I4&\“‘V"”A”IIAK\\‘
`V
`I GLASS SUBSTRATE (~0 7mm)‘
`
`COMPLAINT-504
`
`COMPLAINT-504
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 68 Page ID #:570
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 68 Page ID #:570
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 22 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`CONNECTED TO REPAIR LINE
`
`REPAIR
`
`.H
`
`
`
`E.
`
`COMPLAINT-505
`
`COMPLAINT-505
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 68 Page ID #:571
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 68 Page ID #:571
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 23 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.25
`
`ELECTRODE CONNECTION
`
`CRYSTAL
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`PROTRUSION
`
` LIQUID
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`ITO SLIT
`AREA
`
`CXDAAPLJXHVT¥506
`
`COMPLAINT-506
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 68 Page ID #:572
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 68 Page ID #:572
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 24 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F l g . 27
`LIQUID
`PROTRUSION
`
`CRYSTAL
`_
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`
`
`
`
`ITO SLIT
`AREA
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`Fl 9 . 28
`
`I i—_
`
`COMPLAINT-507
`
`COMPLAINT-507
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 68 Page ID #:573
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 68 Page ID #:573
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 25 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F i g . 29
`
`I
`
`TILTED IN RIGHT
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`
`
`»-
`
`DARK LINES
`/
`‘EfiEfiE‘fTRODE
`ITO LAYER
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL I W-
`MOLECULE
`Illl ”I
`[mummy l l I ll
`llllllllllfillllll ml
`frljgkgEIDJLIIEN
`MIMI
`OPPOSITE
`I I "Mil-"m.-
`DIRECTION
`.mnlllLo
`"I"
`héggénggYSTAL Allimlmm"
`
`
`
`- UNDERLYING
`
`TILTED IN RIGHT
`DIRECTION
`
`‘
`
`O
`
`COMPLAINT-508
`
`COMPLAINT-508
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 68 Page ID #:574
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 68 Page ID #:574
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 26 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.30
`
`GATE BUS LINE
`
`PROTRUSIONm
`
`
`
`
`DA'lA BUS LINL
`
`Fig.3]
`
`LIQUID
`CRYSTAL
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`/
`
`/ / \ \
`
`we
`I TO
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`PROTRUSION
`
`COMPLAINT-509
`
`COMPLAINT-509
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 68 Page ID #:575
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 68 Page ID #:575
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 27 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.32
`
`DISPLAY
`AREA
`
`AREA
`
`DARK
`
`COMPLAINT-5 10
`
`COMPLAINT-510
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 31 of 68 Page ID #:576
`H
`
`ms”cU
`
`o.mmm
`
`mPmmmi
`
`mm#9m%,Eszazaafi
`
`1..3mac:aqamma..mm,28.28%.523ESE?>3,5:maEs2822?:D0mafia;
`8_952885
`
`n03@ngMEEEZS
`
`2M:5:aaam8>2mm23:32>5eggREESE5a:wmE:ZOEBE<msas?
`0aAllmEzaomzm
`
`
`
`8sE:aaa6UEm.”on33Eas223925as2823:5a:w3%Es558.5%
`I‘ll!"P89AllAllimEmzHQOmzm
`5Illlllllll
`
`COMPLAINT-51 1
`
`COMPLAINT-511
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 68 Page ID #:577
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 68 Page ID #:577
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 29 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.34
`
`SEAL
`
`CELL
`
`INJECTION PORTS
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-5 12
`
`COMPLAINT-512
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 68 Page ID #:578
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 68 Page ID #:578
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 30 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F1 9 . 35
`
`FRAME EDGE BM
`
`GfiASS
`(CF RESIN LAMINATIONS)
`5 BSTRATE
`£352?
`DISPLAY AREA
`
`SEAL
`'
`'
`n
`7.4-7.7
`.----"a
`
`
`‘ M““““:r.'.47 ””11:
`k ”WWW “
`
`
`”nun-hm
`
`CF RESIN
`
`Fig.36
`
`BM
`
`DISPLAY AREA
`
`
`GLASS
`SUBSTRATE
`
`
`
`SEAL
`
`
`'”-'_m-u-‘-'
`k \u
`
`
`".I-nuuA-m
`
`
`AUXILIARY SEAL
`CF RESIN
`
`COMPLAINT-5 13
`
`COMPLAINT-513
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 68 Page ID #:579
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 68 Page ID #:579
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 31 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.37
`
`SEAL
`
`
`AUXILIARY SEAL
`
`
`
`ABNORMAL CONCENTRATION
`LIQUID CRYSTALS ENTER
`HERE
`
`|_—'l
`\/
`INJECTION PORTS
`
`COMPLAINT-5 14
`
`COMPLAINT-514
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 68 Page ID #:580
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 68 Page ID #:580
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 32 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F I g . 38
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`MOLECULE
`
`COMMON
`ELECTRODE
`
`ALIGNMENT
`FILM
`
`COLOR
`FILTER
`
`
`
`
`_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"IIIIIIIIflIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE:i!I
`””171,”mmwnnflnfl I
`““““‘“‘L““‘L‘.‘“““““
`
`flflflflflflflflflflflfl
` PR TECT V
`ELECTRODE
`I E
`FIEM
` ALIGNMENT
`
`FILM
`
` GATE METAL
`DRAIN METAL
`
`GATE INSULATING
`FILM
`
`CXDBAPLJXHNIXSIS
`
`COMPLAINT-515
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 68 Page ID #:581
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 68 Page ID #:581
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 33 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-5 16
`
`COMPLAINT-516
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 68 Page ID #:582
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 68 Page ID #:582
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 34 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`NO VOLTAGE
`APPLIED
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`MOLECULE
`
`VOLTAGE
`
`APPLIED
`
`MONOMER
`
`COMPLAINT-5 17
`
`COMPLAINT-517
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 68 Page ID #:583
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 68 Page ID #:583
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`()ct 15,2013
`
`Sheet350f43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Figm
`
`PATTERN 1
`
`PATTERN 2
`
`HIGH INTENSITY
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITH
`VOLTAGE APPLICATION
`
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION
`WITH VOLTAGE
`APPLICATION
`
`LOW INTENSITY
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITH
`VOLTAGE APPLICATION
`
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION
`WITHOUT VOLTAGE
`APPLICATION
`
`VOLTAGE APPLICATION
`
`PATTERN 3
`
`PATTERN A
`
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITH
`HIGH VOLTAGE
`APPLICATION
`
`HIGH INTENSITY
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITH HIGH
`VOLTAGE APPLICATION
`
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITH
`LOW VOLTAGE
`APPLICATION
`
`LOW INTENSITY
`ULTRAVIOLET
`RADIATION WITHOUT
`
`COMPLAINT-5 18
`
`COMPLAINT-518
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 68 Page ID #:584
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 68 Page ID #:584
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 36 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`
`
`EANSPORTROLLER
`
`T?
`
`
`
`
`
`ULTRAVIOLETRADIATINGLAMP
`
`Fig.42
`
`
`
`
`
`ULTRAVIOLETRADIATINGLAMP
`
`SIGNAL
`
`CXDLAPLJXHVT¥519
`
`CE
`——c
`<1
`D:
`2:
`L13
`L3
`
`m:
`
`0[
`
`COMPLAINT-519
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 68 Page ID #:585
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 68 Page ID #:585
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 37 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.43
`
`flflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl
`'I'III'. 'llttr.‘
`It’ll:
`'ll'm
`vl'll:
`'ll'm
`('1'
`
`
`
`
`
`“
`
`
`
`
`
`OVERCDAT
`
`
`METAL
`DRAIN
`PIXEL
`COLOR FILTER
`ELECTRODE
`METAL
`
`GATE INSULATING
`FILM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ALIGNMENT
`FILM
`
`COMPLAINT-520
`
`COMPLAINT-520
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 68 Page ID #:586
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 68 Page ID #:586
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 38 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F i g . 44
`
`TRANSISTOR
`
`SOURCE
`ELECTRODE
`
`
`
`ABNORMAL DOMAIN
`OCCURS HERE
`
`CS INTERMEDIATE
`ELECTRODE
`
`GATE BUS LINE
`
`CONTACT HOLES
`
`Cs BUS LINE
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`.I
`I MOLECULE
`
`DATA BUS LINE
`
`
`
`PIXEL
`ELECTRODE
`
`CXDAAPLJXHVTXSZI
`
`COMPLAINT-521
`
`

`

`aP
`f024e
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 42 of 68 Page ID #:587
`om
`O94
`._H
`g
`
`1B..L0n2eawm1u.maDO
`
`
`
` %OfM0nw3anu.mmS
`
`mtwnc“wmmna8PeosSa.CU
`
`W9400a"mP800S6U
`
`mm«A5.B#95m9,
`
`‘..aa.x.\.;
`
`
`--BsA\~‘~i§\§\<“§
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`me<HnmzmmHMHmmqomPu<Hzoumzwb<gsmzHpowwmmmgmme0maompumgm
`
`maomfiomgm\\\\\\\qummaompomgm
`
`mammomm<4umammk¢m
`
`
`mZHAmB<mBmmDmmomaommzHgquHmmam<F<m
`moomyomgmmaomeomqmmzHg
`
`
`
`.<.<mzwgP<HamzmmBZH
`all!!!’f’f‘.msm0mo
`
`
`
`mmomeomgm
`
`COMPLAINT-522
`
`S.ma
`
`
`
`gmmemmomhomgm
`
`4‘
`
`mammmwwmoymHmZ<mB_m
`
`momzom
`
`COMPLAINT-522
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 68 Page ID #:588
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 68 Page ID #:588
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 40 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`F1946
`
`TRANSISTOR
`
`LIQUID
`
`l
`.I.
`
`’"n-‘rfifi'nii'
`
`;
`I
`
`SOURCE
`
`
`
`4,
`Cs
`INTERMEDIATE ggifigfl
`
`
`
`
`kg...” GATE BUS LINE
`
`|
`I
`REESE 55?.
`ELECTRODE
`fl % II
`
`
`
`ELECTRODE
`""""
`ll
`DATA Bus LINE Il§ &..
`!i i
`
`I"
`
`
`
`
`CONTACT HOLES
`
`PIXEL ELECTRODE:
`CONTACT ROLES
`
`Cs BUS LINE
`
`BANK
`
`COMPLAINT-523
`
`COMPLAINT-523
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 68 Page ID #:589
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 68 Page ID #:589
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 41 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`TRANSISTOR
`
`
`
`SOURCE
`ELECTRODE
`
`
`
`LIQUID
`CRYSTAL
`MOLECULE
`
`
`
`
`Cs
`
`INTERMEDIATE
`ELECTRODE
`
`DATA BUS LINE
`
`
`
`GATE BUS LINE
`
`CONTACT HOLES
`
`Cs BUS LINE
`
`PIXEL ELECTRODE
`
`CX3A4PLJXHVT¥524
`
`COMPLAINT-524
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 68 Page ID #:590
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 68 Page ID #:590
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 42 0f 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`$.05
`
`AmXHm
`
`
`
`$52888.8QOquE
`
`mammp<u
`
`mqumoemHmz<me
`
`
`
`
`
`mac:szmmmomnomeumgm
`
`momsom
`
`
`MmomeomgmmzHA_
`
`
`mgomeomgm_me<Hamzmmemwmomsommammo
`
`mzHAmammommcgwmamme<omeow,..,FD<FZQOmam<H<a
`E<Emm=mMES..m2:
`
`_
`
`.<
`
`COMPLAINT-525
`
`ngm
`
`
`
`UZHH<AszHmaompomgm
`
`QHSGHAmu
`
`
`
`mwmmmmmwmP<HszmMFZH
`
`mmomeomgm
`
`COMPLAINT-525
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 68 Page ID #:591
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 68 Page ID #:591
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 15, 2013
`
`Sheet 43 of 43
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`Fig.49
`
`BLACK LIGHT
`
` O?OOO
`
`BLACK LIGHT
`
`STICKING
`
`IMAGE
`
`O
`
`60
`60
`20
`AMOUNT OF UV RADIATION (J/cmz)
`
`80
`
`COMPLAINT-526
`
`COMPLAINT-526
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 68 Page ID #:592
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 68 Page ID #:592
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`1
`LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`
`CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This is a divisional ofapplication Ser. No. 12/946,584, filed
`NOV. 15, 2010, which is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`12/191,017, filed Aug. 13, 2008, now US. Pat. No. 7,956,
`969, issued Jun. 7, 2011, which is a divisional of application
`Ser. No. 10/893,790, filed Jul. 16, 2004, now US. Pat. No.
`7,450,206, issued Nov. 11, 2008, which is a divisional of
`application Ser. No. 10/263,257, filed Oct. 2, 2002, now US.
`Pat. No. 6,778,229, issued Aug. 17, 2004, which is a CIP of
`application Ser. No. 10/107,989, filed Mar. 27, 2002, which is
`now abandoned.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display
`device to be used for television and other display apparatuses,
`to a method of fabricating the same and, more particularly, to
`a liquid crystal display device that uses a liquid crystal mate-
`rial containing a photosensitive material and a method of
`fabricating the same.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`A liquid crystal display device is a display device that
`comprises a liquid crystal sealed between two opposing sub-
`strates and that uses electrical stimulus for optical switching
`by exploiting the electro-optical anisotropy ofa liquid crystal.
`Utilizing the refractive index anisotropy that the liquid crystal
`possesses, the brightness ofthe light transmitted by the liquid
`crystal panel is controlled by applying a voltage to the liquid
`crystal and thereby reorienting the axis of the refractive index
`anisotropy.
`In such a liquid crystal display device, it is extremely
`important to control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules
`when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. If the initial
`alignment is not stable, when a voltage is applied to the liquid
`crystal, the liquid crystal molecules do not align in a predict-
`able manner, resulting in an inability to control the refractive
`index. Various techniques have been developed to control the
`alignment of
`liquid crystal molecules,
`representative
`examples including a technique that controls the initially
`formed angle (pretilt angle) between the alignment film and
`the liquid crystal and a technique that controls the horizontal
`electric field formed between the bus line and the pixel elec-
`trode.
`
`The same can be said of a display device that uses a liquid
`crystal material containing a photosensitive material; specifi-
`cally, in a liquid crystal display mode in which the initial
`alignment is controlled by radiation of light in the presence of
`an applied voltage, the voltage application method during the
`radiation becomes important. The reason is that, if the mag-
`nitude ofthe applied voltage differs, a change will occur in the
`initially formed pretilt angle, resulting in a change in trans-
`mittance characteristics.
`
`In connection with a first aspect of the invention, tech-
`niques called passive matrix driving and active matrix driving
`have usually been used to drive liquid crystals; nowadays,
`with an increasing demand for higher resolution, the active
`matrix display mode that uses thin-film transistors (TFTs) is
`the dominant liquid crystal display mode. In a liquid crystal
`display having such TFTs, when radiating light onto the liq-
`uid crystal while applying a voltage to it, it is usually prac-
`ticed to expose the liquid crystal to light radiation while
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`
`applying a TFT ON voltage to each gate bus line and a desired
`voltage to each data bus line, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
`However, when such a liquid crystal exposure method is
`employed, if there is a line defect due to a bus line break or
`short, as shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal will be exposed to
`light when the liquid crystal in the affected area cannot be
`driven, and a pretilt angle different from that in other areas
`will be formed in this defect area, resulting in the problem that
`the brightness in this area differs from the brightness in other
`areas.
`
`Or, in the TFT channel ON state, a shift in the TFT thresh-
`old value can occur due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as
`shown in FIG. 4, resulting in the problem that the region
`where the TFTs can be driven stably shifts from the desired
`region.
`On the other hand, in connection with a second aspect of
`the invention, displays using the TN mode have been the
`predominant type of active matrix liquid crystal display, but
`this type of display has had the shortcoming that the viewing
`angle is narrow. Nowadays, a technique called the MVA mode
`or a technique called the IPS mode is employed to achieve a
`wide viewing angle liquid crystal panel.
`In the IPS mode, liquid crystal molecules are switched in
`the horizontal plane by using comb-shaped electrodes, but a
`strong backlight is required because the comb-shaped elec-
`trodes significantly reduce the numerical aperture. In the
`MVA mode, liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically to
`the substrates, and the alignment of the liquid crystal mol-
`ecules is controlled by the use ofprotrusions or slits formed in
`a transparent electrode (for example, an ITO electrode). The
`decrease in the effective numerical aperture due to the pro-
`trusions or slits used in MVA is not so large as that caused by
`the comb-electrodes in IPS, but compared with TN mode
`displays, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal panel is
`low, and it has not been possible to employ MVA for notebook
`computers that require low power consumption.
`When fine slits are formed in the ITO electrode, the liquid
`crystal molecules tilt parallel to the fine slits, but in two
`different directions. If the fine slits are sufficiently long, liq-
`uid crystal molecules located farther from a structure such as
`a bank that defines the direction in which the liquid crystal
`molecules tilt are caused to tilt randomly in two directions
`upon application of a voltage. However, the liquid crystal
`molecules located at the boundary between the liquid crystal
`molecules caused to tilt in different directions, cannot tilt in
`either direction, resulting in the formation of a dark area such
`as that shown in FIG. 29. Further, in a structure where the
`liquid crystal molecules are caused to tilt in two different
`directions in order to improve viewing angle, if there are
`liquid crystal molecules that are caused to tilt in the opposite
`direction, as shown in FIG. 29, the viewing angle character-
`istics degrade.
`In connection with a third aspect of the invention, in an
`LCD (MVA-LCD) in which an N-type liquid crystal
`is
`aligned vertically and in which, upon application of a voltage,
`the molecules of the liquid crystal are caused to tilt in a
`number of predefined directions by using alignment protru-
`sions or electrode slits, the liquid crystal molecules are almost
`completely vertically aligned in the absence of an applied
`voltage, but are caused to tilt in the various predefined direc-
`tions when a voltage is applied. The tilt directions ofthe liquid
`crystal molecules are controlled so that they always make an
`angle of 45° to the polarizer absorption axis, but the liquid
`crystal molecules as a continuum can tilt in a direction inter-
`mediate between them. Furthermore, areas where the tilt
`direction of the liquid crystal molecules is displaced from the
`predefined direction inevitably exist because of the effects of
`
`COMPLAINT-527
`
`COMPLAINT-527
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 68 Page ID #:593
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-8 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 68 Page ID #:593
`
`US 8,558,959 B2
`
`3
`the horizontal electric field, etc. at the time of driving or
`irregularities in the structure. In normally black displays
`where the polarizers are arranged in a crossed Nicol configu-
`ration, this means that dark areas appear when the display is
`driven in the white display state, and the screen brightness
`thus decreases. To address this problem, in a liquid crystal
`display device constructed by sandwiching between two sub-
`strates a liquid crystal composition containing a photopoly-
`merizable or thermally polymerizable component, there is
`employed a technique that polymerizes the polymerizable
`component while applying a voltage, thereby defining the
`direction in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt in the
`presence of an applied voltage.
`With this technique, however, if the polymerization is
`insufficient, image sticking can occur. This is believed to
`occur because the rigidity of the polymerized polymer is
`insufficient and deformation occurs due to the realignment of
`the liquid crystal molecules at the time ofvoltage application.
`On the other hand, to sufficiently polymerize the polymer, the
`duration of light radiation must be increased, but in that case,
`take time