`
`
`
`
`BOTTINI & BOTTINI, INC.
`Francis A. Bottini, Jr. (SBN 175783)
` fbottini@bottinilaw.com
`Albert Y. Chang (SBN 296065)
` achang@bottinilaw.com
`Yury A. Kolesnikov (SBN 271173)
` ykolesnikov@bottinilaw.com
`7817 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 102
`La Jolla, California 92037
`Telephone: (858) 914‐2001
`Facsimile: (858) 914‐2002
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff Natalie Ocegueda
`
`
`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION
`
`Case No. _______________
`
`VERIFIED SHAREHOLDER
`DERIVATIVE COMPLAINT FOR:
`
`
`1. BREACH OF FIDUCIARY
`DUTY;
`2. AIDING AND ABETTING
`BREACH OF FIDUCIARY
`DUTY;
`3. ABUSE OF CONTROL;
`4. UNJUST ENRICHMENT;
`and
`5. VIOLATION OF SECTION
`14(A) OF THE SECURITIES
`EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
`
`
`DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
`
`
`NATALIE OCEGUEDA, derivatively on
`behalf of FACEBOOK, INC.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`vs.
`
`
`
`
`
`MARK ZUCKERBERG, SHERYL
`SANDBERG, MARC ANDREESSEN,
`ANDREW W. HOUSTON, ERSKINE B.
`BOWLES, JEFFREY D. ZIENTS, SUSAN
`DESMOND‐HELLMANN, NANCY
`KILLEFER, TRACEY T. TRAVIS, ROBERT
`M. KIMMITT, REED HASTINGS, PETER
`A. THIEL, and DOES 1–30,
`
`
`‐ and ‐
`
`FACEBOOK, INC.,
`
`
`Defendants,
`
`Nominal Defendant.
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`Plaintiff Natalie Ocegueda (“Plaintiff”), by and through counsel, brings this
`shareholder derivative action on behalf of Facebook and against certain present and
`former directors and officers of Facebook, Inc. (“Facebook” or the “Company”). In
`support of these claims, Plaintiff alleges the following (1) upon personal knowledge
`with respect to the matters pertaining to Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s ownership of Facebook
`stock; and (2) upon information and belief with respect to all other matters, based upon
`the investigation undertaken by counsel, which included, inter alia, (a) the Company’s
`public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); (b) news
`articles, conference call transcripts, analysts’ reports, and press releases; and (c) other
`publicly available information pertaining to Facebook and the topics addressed herein.
`Plaintiff believes that substantial additional evidentiary support will exist for the
`allegations set forth below after a reasonable opportunity for discovery.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`“There were high hopes when Kenneth Chenault joined the all‐white board
`of Facebook in January 2018 as the social media giant worked to fix its
`tarnished image and battered brand.”1
`
`“Most corporations do not have black people on their boards and few, if
`any, black people in senior management. This is part of the reason that we
`have a high level of racial inequality in the US.”2
`
`“We have an obligation to build a culture of inclusion where everyone can
`thrive.”3
`
`
`
`
`
`1 See “Former Amex CEO Kenneth Chenault Quits Facebook Board After Zuckerberg
`Rejected His Advice,” THE MOGULDOM NATION, Mar. 16, 2020.
` See John Streur, “More engagement needed to get companies to address racial
`inequality risks and issues,” Calvert Research and Management, June 19, 2020, available
`https://www.calvert.com/impact.php?post=more‐engagement‐needed‐to‐get‐
`at
`companies‐to‐address‐racial‐inequality‐risks‐and‐issues‐&sku=35910, last visited June
`29, 2020.
`3 Facebook’s 2020 Proxy Statement at p. 53.
`
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`1. At Facebook, apparently Zuckerberg wants Blacks to be seen but not heard.
`In 2018, Facebook created the image that it was trying to diversify its all‐white Board by
`hiring highly‐respected and experienced Kenneth Chenault to join its Board. Chenault’s
`appointment gave Facebook the guidance of a highly regarded finance executive and
`the first Black director on its all‐white board, USA Today reported at the time. But then
`Chenault unexpectedly resigned in March of 2020 because he said Zuckerberg was not
`listening to his advice. See Jeff Horwitz, “Chenault Leaves Facebook Board After
`Disagreements With Zuckerberg,” THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, March 13, 2020 (“Mr.
`Chenault grew frustrated that the CEO wasn’t taking his advice”).
`2.
`In short, Facebook’s approach to diversity has been characterized by
`tokenism: make a small gesture to satisfy appearances, but don’t make any underlying
`substantial change. The message at Facebook is set at the top – by Zuckerberg and the
`rest of the Board of Directors (“Board”).
`3.
`But Zuckerberg and the Board have failed to curtail hate speech against
`Black individuals and other minorities and have failed to achieve real diversity on the
`Board and among the senior executive ranks, leading to an employee walkout and
`massive boycott of ad spending on Facebook by over 184 of the Company’s advertisers.
`4. On June 1, 2020, after Zuckerberg refused to take down a Trump post
`stating “When the looting starts, the shooting starts,” which had been widely
`interpreted to reflect racist views that violence should be used against Black Lives
`Matters protesters, employees participated in a walkout to protest the Board’s broader
`failure to curtail hate speech against Blacks and minorities:
`
`June 1, 2020. OAKLAND, Calif. — Hundreds of Facebook employees, in
`rare public criticism on Monday of their own company, protested
`executives’ decision not to do anything about inflammatory posts that
`President Trump had placed on the giant social media platform over the
`past week.
`
`Many of the employees, who said they refused to work in order to show
`their support for demonstrators across the country, added an automated
`message to their digital profiles and email responses saying that they were
`out of the office in a show of protest. . . More than a dozen current and
`former employees have described the unrest as the most serious challenge
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`to the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive, since the
`company was founded 15 years ago.
`
`“The hateful rhetoric advocating violence against black demonstrators by
`the US President does not warrant defense under the guise of freedom of
`expression,” one Facebook employee wrote in an internal message board,
`according to a copy of the text viewed by The New York Times.
`
`The employee added: “Along with Black employees in the company, and
`all persons with a moral conscience, I am calling for Mark to immediately
`take down the President’s post advocating violence, murder and imminent
`threat against Black people.”
` . . Twitter added fact‐check and warning labels to two tweets from the
`president that broke Twitter’s rules around voter suppression and
`glorification of violence. But as Twitter acted on Mr. Trump’s tweets,
`Facebook left his posts on its platform alone. Mr. Zuckerberg said Mr.
`Trump’s posts did not violate the social network’s rules.
`
` .
`
`See Sheera Frenkel, “Facebook Employees Stage Virtual Walkout to Protest Trump Posts,”
`THE NEW YORK TIMES, June 1, 2020.
`5. As Trump and Zuckerberg were well aware, Trump’s statement that
`“When the looting starts, the shooting starts” has a racially charged history. It dates
`back to the civil rights era and is known to have been invoked by a white police chief
`cracking down on protests and a segregationist politician. In 1967, Miami police Chief
`Walter Headley used the phrase “when the looting starts, the shooting starts” during
`hearings about crime in the Florida city, invoking angry reactions from civil rights
`leaders, according to a news report at the time. “He had a long history of bigotry against
`the black community,” said professor Clarence Lusane of Howard University.
`6.
`“The NAACP and other black organizations had for years complained
`about the treatment of the black community by Miami police. At this hearing, in
`discussing how he would deal with what he called crime and thugs and threats by
`young Black people, he issued this statement that the reason Miami had not had any
`riots up to that point, was because of the message he had sent out that “when the looting
`starts, the shooting starts,’” Lusane said. Headley was head of the police force for 20
`years and referred to his “get tough” policy on crime during a 1967 news conference as
`a war on “young hoodlums, from 15 to 21, who have taken advantage of the civil rights
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`campaign. ... We don’t mind being accused of police brutality.” According to Lusane,
`Headley may have borrowed the phrase from Eugene “Bull” Connor, who had been the
`notorious public safety commissioner in Birmingham, Alabama. Connor was a
`segregationist who directed the use of police dogs and fire hoses against black
`demonstrators.4
`7. As demonstrated herein, not only has it failed to achieve meaningful
`diversity and inclusion among Black individuals and other minorities, Facebook’s
`Board and executives have allowed discriminatory advertising on its platform. In
`addition, Facebook’s Board has repeatedly made gross misrepresentations in the
`Company’s public statements by representing that the Company has effective policies,
`internal controls, and procedures designed to ensure diversity and to eliminate
`discriminatory advertising.
`8.
`In 2016, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote, “We care deeply about
`diversity. Thatʹs easy to say when it means standing up for ideas you agree with. Itʹs a
`lot harder when it means standing up for the rights of people with different viewpoints
`to say what they care about. That’s even more important.” But since these words were
`uttered, Zuckerberg and Facebook have failed to achieve the diversity they claim to
`prize.
`9.
`Simply put, Facebook’s goals and policies are not being achieved or
`enforced. Facebook appointed Kenneth Chenault to its Board but did not solicit or listen
`to Mr. Chenault’s advice. Facebook’s Board, which currently has only one Black
`individual, has consciously failed to carry out the Company’s written proclamations
`about increasing diversity in its ranks. Black people and other minorities remain
`conspicuously underrepresented on the Board as well as among the Company’s
`executive officers. In short, Facebook remains one of the oldest and most egregious
`
`4 See Barbara Sprunt, “The History Behind ʹWhen The Looting Starts, The
`Shooting
`Startsʹ,”
`NPR,
`May
`29,
`2020,
`available
`at
`https://www.npr.org/2020/05/29/864818368/the‐history‐behind‐when‐the‐looting‐
`starts‐the‐shooting‐starts, last visited June 29, 2020.
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`“Old Boy’s Club” in Silicon Valley. A sign advising applicants “Blacks Need Not
`Apply” might as well hang at the entrance to the Company’s headquarters at 1 Hacker
`Way, Menlo Park, California.
`10. Under pressure to make its workforce more closely resemble the more than
`2 billion users it serves, Facebook increased the number of black employees to 4 percent
`of U.S. employees in 2018 from 2 percent in 2016. Yet just 1 percent of technical roles are
`held by blacks and 2 percent of leadership roles. Black women account for an even
`smaller fraction of the workforce. Overall, Facebook employs 278 black women out of a
`U.S. workforce of just under 20,000.5
`11. While Facebook’s Board does have one Black member – non‐defendant
`Peggy Alford – Facebook’s entire slate of Executive Officers are all white, with no
`minorities whatsoever:
`
`FACEBOOK’S MANAGEMENT6
`
`Mark Zuckerberg
`Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
`
`
`Mark Zuckerberg is the founder, chairman and CEO of Facebook, which he founded
`in 2004. Mark is responsible for setting the overall direction and product strategy for
`the company. He leads the design of Facebook’s service and development of its core
`technology and infrastructure. Mark studied computer science at Harvard University
`before moving the company to Palo Alto, California.
`
`
`5 See Jessica Guynn, “Facebook Has a Problem With Black People, Former Employee
`Charges,” USA TODAY, Nov. 27, 2018.
`6 Source: https://investor.fb.com/corporate‐governance/default.aspx, last visited
`June 27, 2020.
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`Sheryl Sandberg
`Chief Operating Officer
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`
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`Sheryl Sandberg is chief operating officer at Facebook, overseeing the firm’s business
`operations. Prior to Facebook, Sheryl was vice president of Global Online Sales and
`Operations at Google, chief of staff for the United States Treasury Department under
`President Clinton, a management consultant with McKinsey & Company, and an
`economist with the World Bank.
`
`Dave Wehner
`Chief Financial Officer
`
`
`
`Dave Wehner is chief financial officer of Facebook, where he leads the finance,
`facilities and information technology teams. Prior to becoming CFO in June 2014, Dave
`served as Facebook’s vice president of Corporate Finance and Business Planning.
`From 2010 through 2012, Dave served as Chief Financial Officer of Zynga Inc. Before
`Zynga, Dave was a Managing Director at Allen & Company, an investment bank
`focused on media and technology, which he joined in 2001.
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`Mike Schroepfer
`Chief Technology Officer
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`Mike Schroepfer is chief technology officer at Facebook. In that role, he leads the
`development of the technology strategies and teams that will enable Facebook to
`connect billions of people around the world and make significant breakthroughs in
`fields like artificial intelligence and virtual reality. Before Facebook, Mike was vice
`president of engineering at Mozilla Corporation, where he led the global and open
`product development process behind Firefox.
`
`David Fischer
`Chief Revenue Officer
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`David Fischer is chief revenue officer of Facebook, overseeing the company’s
`advertising business and managing the sales and marketing teams worldwide. Prior to
`joining Facebook in 2010, David spent eight years at Google in various roles, including
`vice president of global online sales and operations, where he helped globalize the
`company’s business and operations. David previously served as deputy chief of staff
`of the U.S. Treasury Department and worked on a variety of economic policy issues
`within the federal government. Prior to that, David was an Associate Editor at U.S.
`News & World Report, where he covered economics and business from Washington,
`DC.
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`Jennifer Newstead
`General Counsel
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`Jennifer G. Newstead is General Counsel of Facebook, where she oversees all legal
`matters, including corporate governance and securities compliance, regulatory
`oversight, litigation, intellectual property and commercial matters. Prior to joining
`Facebook in 2019, Jennifer served as the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State,
`where she led the legal team responsible for advising the Secretary of State on all
`domestic and international legal issues affecting the conduct of U.S. foreign relations.
`Earlier in her career, she served as General Counsel of the White House Office of
`Management and Budget, as a Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the
`Office of Legal Policy at the Department of Justice, and as Special Assistant to the
`President and Associate White House Counsel. Jennifer was a partner for twelve years
`at Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, where she advised global corporations in litigation,
`regulatory investigation and compliance matters.
`12. Zuckerberg and the Company’s Directors have deceived stockholders and
`the market by repeatedly making false assertions about the Company’s commitment to
`diversity. In doing so, the Directors have breached their duty of candor and have also
`violated the federal proxy laws. Their conduct has also irreparably harmed Facebook.
`For those who care about diversity, inclusion, and honesty, those who do not adhere to
`these principles should be boycotted, especially if the perpetrator is one of the largest
`and most influential corporations in Silicon Valley.
`13. Going back to at least 2016, Facebook has been accused of facilitating illegal
`discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and other protected categories. On August 13,
`2018, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development filed a
`complaint against Facebook in which it alleged that Facebook has violated the Fair
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`Housing Act by allowing advertising on its platform which discriminates based on race,
`ethnicity, gender, and other protected categories. The HUD complaint alleged that:
`
`
`Facebook unlawfully discriminates by enbling advertisers to restrict which
`Facebook users receive housing‐related ads based on race, color, religion,
`sex, familial status, national origin and disability. Facebook mines
`extensive user data and classifies
`its users based on protected
`characteristics. Facebook’s ad targeting tools then invite advertisers to
`express unlawful preferences by suggesting discriminatory options, and
`Facebook effecuates the delivery of housing‐related ads to certain users and
`not others based on those users’ actual or imputed protected traits.
`
`14. As an example of Facebook’s illegal conduct, HUD’s complaint stated that:
`
`
`
`Facebook enables advertisers to discriminate based on race and color by
`drawing a red line around majority‐minority zip codes and not showing
`ads to users who live in those zip codes.7
`
`15. On September 18, 2018, a complaint was filed against Facebook by the
`ACLU for gender discrimination, claiming that Facebook allowed advertisers to target
`men for ads such as “Help Wanted” and job ads, and prevent the ads from being seen
`by women.
`16. As noted supra, in late May 2020, Facebook came under heavy criticism by
`its own employees for refusing to censor or moderate a post from President Trump. In
`that post, Trump said “when the looting starts, the shooting starts,” in regards to Black
`Lives Matter protesters.
`17. Then, in late June 2020, advertisers announced their intention to boycott
`Facebook due to, among other things, the Company’s failure to ban hate speech directed
`to Blacks and other minorities
`18. On June 22, 2020, North Face, REI, and Patagonia announced plans to
`boycott Facebook and pledged not to pay for advertising on Facebook platforms:
`
`
`Several companies have suspended advertising on Facebook over the
`company’s failure to address hate speech on the platform.
`
`
`
`
`7 HUD Complaint at ¶7.
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`The outdoor apparel and product retailers the North Face, REI, and
`Patagonia have pledged not to pay for advertising on Facebook platforms
`as part of the “Stop Hate for Profit” campaign, launched Wednesday by
`advocacy groups including the Anti‐Defamation League, the NAACP, and
`the Color Of Change. The freelance job listing site Upwork and the internet
`company Mozilla have also joined the pledge.
`
`The movement asks advertisers to pressure the tech giant to adopt stricter
`policies against racist and hateful content on its platforms by pausing all
`spending on advertising with the company for the month of July.
`Facebook makes $70bn in annual advertising revenue while “amplifying
`the messages of white supremacists” and “permitting incitement to
`violence”, according to the campaign.
`
`“We have long seen how Facebook has allowed some of the worst elements
`of society into our homes and our lives,” said Jonathan Greenblatt, chief
`executive officer of the Anti‐Defamation League, in a statement. “Our
`organizations have tried individually and collectively to push Facebook to
`make their platforms safer, but they have repeatedly failed to take
`meaningful action. We hope this campaign finally shows Facebook how
`much their users and their advertisers want them to make serious changes
`for the better.”
`
`Facebook plans voter turnout push – but will not bar false claims from
`Trump.
`
`James Steyer, founder and CEO of Common Sense, a partner in the
`campaign, said he expected more companies to join in coming weeks.
`“Companies clearly have heightened awareness around issues of racial
`justice in the US right now,” he said. “We are heartened by the progress and
`we think it is the right time for this.”
`
`The campaign cites a number of examples to argue Facebook has failed to
`address misinformation and hate speech: it made Breitbart News a “trusted
`news source” despite its history of working with white nationalists and
`neo‐Nazis, was accused of allowing housing discrimination against
`communities of color, and failed to remove Holocaust denial posts.
`
`
`See Kari Paul, “Facebook Faces Advertiser Revolt Over Failure to Address Hate Speech,” THE
`GUARDIAN, June 22, 2020.
`19. On Friday, June 26, 2020, Unilever announced it was boycotting Facebook
`and would discontinue its advertising on Facebook:
`
`
`Unilever, the company behind brands such as Dove, Lipton and
`Hellmann’s, is pulling advertising from Facebook and Twitter in the U.S.
`for the rest of the year, adding to a growing list of companies protesting the
`social media site’s handling of hate speech online.
`
`Unilever said in a statement it also plans to pull ads from Facebook‐owned
`Instagram this year. Civil rights groups have been pushing companies to
`put their financial weight behind a Facebook boycott because the social
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`media sites continue to allow hateful and harmful content on their sites,
`according to the Anti‐Defamation League.
`
`“Continuing to advertise on these platforms at this time would not add
`value to people and society,” Unilever wrote in a statement on its website.
`It cited “the polarized atmosphere in the U.S.”
`
`Unilever joins Patagonia, The North Face and others in announcing a
`temporary advertising boycott on Facebook in the last week. Unilever’s ice
`cream brand Ben & Jerry’s had joined the boycott earlier in the week, before
`its parent company. The Hershey Company also said it would halt
`advertising on Facebook during July and cut its advertising on the site by
`one‐third for the rest of this year.
`
`
`See Rachel Lerman, “Facebook faces a growing advertising boycott after consumer goods
`giant Unilever joins,” THE WASHINGTON POST, June 26, 2020.
`20.
`In response to the growing list of over 100 advertisers like Unilever that
`had announced plans by Friday, June 26, 2020 to boycott Facebook due to its repeated
`failure to ban hate speech, Facebook’s stock tanked 8.3% on June 26, 2020.8
`21. On Sunday, June 28, 2020, several additional advertisers announced plans
`to join Unilever in its boycott of Facebook. Facebook announced plans to finally take
`some steps to ban hate speech, but the advertisers refused to withdraw from their plans
`to boycott Facebook, indicating that Zuckerberg’s steps came too late:
`
`Facebookʹs efforts to stem a growing client boycott by introducing new
`policies failed over the weekend, with big brands including Diageo,
`Starbucks and Levi’s pulling spending.
`
`Facebook will head into July with dozens of brands including Unilever,
`Verizon and Coca‐Cola cancelling advertising for between a month and six
`months — despite last‐ditch attempts by the social media network to stop
`the boycott gathering steam.
`
`Facebook’s chief executive Mark Zuckerberg on Friday announced plans on
`a live stream to prohibit hate speech in ads and better protect groups such
`as immigrants from attack. He also said the group would label posts that
`violate its policies but remain published because the platform deems it “in
`the public interest”, citing certain speech by politicians as an example.
`
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`The last‐minute changes came just hours after Unilever, among Facebook’s
`larger blue‐chip clients, said it would pause spending on the platform — as
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`8 By Sunday, June 28, 2020, the list had grown to 184 advertisers that had joined
`the boycott. The list of advertisers had increased to over 300 by July 1, 2020. See
`“Facebook boycott: View the list of companies pulling ads,” CNN BUSINESS, July 1, 2020.
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`well as on Twitter — in the US, citing concerns about the proliferation of
`divisive content in the run‐up to the 2020 presidential election.
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`Facebook shares fell more than 10 per cent over the course of the week, to
`$212.50 in after‐hours trading on Sunday, while Twitter is down by around
`14 per cent over the same period.
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`Despite Mr. Zuckerberg’s concessions, however, others have joined the list
`with pledges to pull back spending across social media more widely, which
`could also deal a blow to smaller groups such as Snap, Twitter and newer
`entrant TikTok.
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`In a statement on Sunday, Starbucks said it would “pause advertising on
`all social media platforms while we continue discussions internally, with
`our media partners and with civil rights organizations in the effort to stop
`the spread of hate speech.”
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`See Hannah Murphy, “Facebook Fails to Stem Advertising Boycott Over Hate Speech,”
`THE FINANCIAL TIMES, June 28, 2020.
`22. Every business entity ‐‐ whether publicly traded or not ‐‐ has certain legal
`obligations and responsibilities to its shareholders, customers, investors, and the public.
`These responsibilities include the obligation to be truthful and honest; to actually
`implement the policies and procedures that it represents it has adopted; and to not
`engage in racial discrimination, whether it is in its workforce or leadership positions.
`Facebook has failed on all counts.
`23. Facebook’s Directors have long failed to ensure that Facebook curbs hate
`speech towards Blacks and minorities. In 2018, Facebook’s Chief Information Security
`Officer (“CISO”), Alex Stamos, resigned after internal disagreement with the way the
`Company handled concerns regarding third parties’ alleged use of the Facebook
`platform to spread misinformation.
`24. The same year, What’s App founder Jan Koum resigned from Facebook’s
`Board over disagreements with Zuckerberg and other Board members over Facebook’s
`failure to ensure compliance with certain policies and laws.
`25. Platitudes in proxy statements are not progress. Simply put, Facebook has
`no real commitment to diversity and its Board is turning a blind eye to the Company’s
`miserable failure to ensure the “diversity” trumpeted by the Directors in the Company’s
`filings with the SEC and its annual reports to shareholders.
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`26. As demonstrated herein, Defendants knew of, but failed to disclose,
`fraudulent business practices at Facebook that put the Company at material risk,
`including: (1) discriminatory hiring and pay practices; (2) discriminatory advertising
`policies that allowed advertisers to unlawfully target protected minorities and
`protected classes; and (3) the Company’s failure to curb hate speech. Facebook’s failure
`to disclose this information violated the federal proxy laws since the omitted
`information would have been material to shareholders’ voting decisions regarding the
`election of directors, approval of executive compensation packages, and shareholder
`proposals to require an independent board chairman.
`27. The Director Defendants named herein signed one or more of Facebook’s
`annual proxy statements. With such signatures come an obligation to ensure that the
`statements in the Proxy were true and accurate, and to correct any misleading
`statements. They failed to do so.
`28. The time for change has come. If Facebook’s directors want to continue to
`be part of the problem, not the solution, then they at least need to be held liable for their
`breaches of fiduciary duties to the Company’s stockholders. If, on the other hand, they
`want to be part of real change, they hold the keys themselves. They can (and should),
`stand up and exercise the control of the Company that they possess to make change
`NOW.
`29. The shareholder derivative lawsuit has been the only judicial mechanism
`for shareholders to hold directors accountable for engaging in wrongdoing. Like the
`United States Supreme Court, California courts have long recognized that derivative
`suits play an important role in corporate governance where directors fail to do their
`jobs:
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`The derivative action is practically the only remedy for calling the
`management to account for its wrongs against the corporation and to obtain
`restitution. Where a derivative suit is against outsiders for wrongs against
`the corporation the directors can usually be expected to decide impartially
`on the advisability of suing. But the management cannot be expected to sue
`themselves for their own misdeeds.
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`Pearce v. Super. Ct., 149 Cal. App. 3d 1058, 1065 (1983); see also Vega v. Jones, Day, Reavis
`& Pogue, 121 Cal. App. 4th 282, 297 (2004); accord Kamen v. Kemper Fin. Servs., 500 U.S.
`90, 95 (1991) (quoting Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 548 (1949)). As
`the California Supreme Court recognized in Jones v. H. F. Ahmanson & Co., where, as
`here, the company’s board and management fail to perform their duties, stockholders
`have a “right” to bring derivative actions. See 1 Cal. 3d 93, 107 (1969). The courts of
`Delaware, the Company’s state of incorporation, likewise acknowledge that derivative
`actions serve an important function: “The machinery of corporate democracy and the
`derivative suit are potent tools to redress the conduct of a torpid or unfaithful
`management.” Aronson v. Lewis, 473 A.2d 805, 811 (Del. 1984), overruled in part on other
`grounds by Brehm v. Eisner, 746 A.2d 244 (De