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Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 1 of 17 PageID 1
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
`
`Case No.
`
`
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`
`Caribe Trademarks LLC
`
`
`
`vs.
`
`
`STEVINA FOOD COMPANY, LLC.,
`SUN STATE FOOD KING, INC., and
`JOHN JACKSON,
`
`Defendants.
`
`________________________________/
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND DEMAND FOR A JURY TRIAL
`
`Plaintiff Caribe Trademarks LLC (“Plaintiff”) sues Stevina Food Company,
`
`LLC. (“Stevina”), Sun State Food King, Inc. (“Sun”), and John Jackson
`
`(“Jackson”)(collectively, “Defendants”), and makes the following allegations:
`
`
`
`
`
`PARTIES, JURISDICTION, AND VENUE
`
`1.
`
`Plaintiff is a limited liability organized under the laws of Florida with
`
`a principal office located in the city of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
`
`2.
`
`Stevina is a limited liability company organized under the laws of
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`Florida, having a principal office in the city of Tampa in Hillsborough County,
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`Florida.
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`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 2 of 17 PageID 2
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`3.
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`Stevina conducts business in Florida including offering and rendering
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`infringing restaurant services in the city of Tampa in Hillsborough County, Florida.
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`4.
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`Sun is a corporation formed under the laws of Florida, having a
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`principal office in the city of Wesley Chapel in Pasco County, Florida.
`
`5.
`
`Sun conducts business in Florida including offering and rendering
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`infringing restaurant services in the city of Tampa in Hillsborough County, Florida.
`John Jackson is an individual domiciled in Florida and conducting
`6.
`business in Florida including offering and rendering infringing restaurant services
`
`in the city of Tampa in Hillsborough County, Florida.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`Jackson is the founder and managing member of Stevina.
`
`Jackson is a moving, conscious, and active force behind Stevina
`
`including actively participating in and directing its infringing activity.
`
`9.
`
`Jackson is, or was, the president and director of Sun.
`
`10.
`
`Jackson is, or was, a moving, conscious, and active force behind Sun
`
`including actively participating in and directing its infringing activity.
`
`11. This is an action for federal trademark infringement pursuant to 15
`
`U.S.C. § 1114, false designation of origin pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), and the
`
`supplemental state causes of action of Florida common law trademark
`infringement, Florida common law unfair competition, and violation of Florida’s
`Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (Fla. Stat. §§ 501.201-501-2101)
`
`
`
`
`
` 2
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 3 of 17 PageID 3
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`12.
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`Jurisdiction of this Court arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, 28 U.S.C. §
`
`1338, and under the doctrine of supplemental jurisdiction over state claims arising
`
`from a common nucleus of operative facts.
`
`13. Venue is proper in this District pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1391(b) and (c)
`
`and §1400(b) because Defendants do business in this District and/or a substantial
`
`part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred in this District.
`
`FACTUAL BACKGROUND
`
`Plaintiff and its CARIBE RESTAURANT Mark
`
`14. Plaintiff is the owner of the valid, subsisting, and incontestable mark
`
`CARIBE RESTAURANT for café and restaurant services registered on the
`
`Principal Register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office as U.S.
`
`Registration No. 4703367 (“Plaintiff’s Mark”). See Exhibit 1, corresponding to the
`
`certificate of registration.
`
`15. Plaintiff was assigned Plaintiff’s Mark on May 18, 2020 by previous
`
`owner Juan Jose Alvarado.
`
`16. Plaintiff, through its predecessors in interest, opened its first
`
`restaurant bearing Plaintiff’s Mark in Florida in 1979.
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`17. Currently, Plaintiff’s café and restaurant services are rendered in six
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`different locations operating under Plaintiff’s Mark in South Florida.
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`
`
`
`
` 3
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`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 4 of 17 PageID 4
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`18. Plaintiff, through its predecessors in interest, has continuously used in
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`commerce in the United States Plaintiff’s Mark for café and restaurant services
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`since at least as early as 1979.
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`19. As a result of its widespread, continuous, and exclusive use of
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`Plaintiff’s Mark to identify its café and restaurant services and Plaintiff as the
`
`source, Plaintiff owns valid and subsisting federal statutory and common law rights
`
`to Plaintiff’s Mark.
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`20. Plaintiff’s restaurants bearing Plaintiff’s Mark predominantly offer
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`Latin American cuisine consisting primarily of Cuban dishes.
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`21. Plaintiff’s café and restaurant services bearing Plaintiff’s Mark are
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`also rendered through delivery services such as Door Dash and Grubhub as well as
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`directly through the ordering portal in its website.
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`22. Plaintiff’s Mark is prominently displayed on the front signs of
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`Plaintiff’s restaurants, menus, website, and promotional material.
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`23. Plaintiff has continuously promoted its café and restaurant services
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`rendered under Plaintiff’s Mark through its website
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`(www.caribecaferestaurant.com), social media (@CaribeMiami on Facebook), and
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`through other promotional material. See Exhibit 2, corresponding to screenshots of
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`Plaintiff website and social media.
`
`
`
`
`
` 4
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 5 of 17 PageID 5
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`24. Plaintiff promotes and renders its restaurant services using Plaintiff’s
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`Mark to Florida residents as well as out-of-state tourists and travelers. See Exhibit
`
`3, corresponding to Plaintiff’s reviews on Tripadvisor.com.
`
`25. Plaintiff’s Mark has acquired distinctiveness when applied to café and
`
`restaurant services.
`
`26. Plaintiff has ensured that the café and restaurant services offered
`under Plaintiff’s Mark are rendered to the highest quality standards.
`27. Since 1979, Plaintiff and its predecessors have expended substantial
`time, money, and resources continuously marketing, advertising, and promoting its
`café and restaurant services bearing Plaintiff’s Mark—thus creating valuable
`goodwill for Plaintiff’s Marks.
`
`28. Plaintiff’s Mark has become well known in the restaurant industry and
`
`with Plaintiff’s potential and current customers.
`
`Defendants’ Unlawful Activities
`29. Without Plaintiff's authorization and beginning after Plaintiff acquired
`protectable exclusive rights in Plaintiff’s Mark, Sun adopted and began using the
`
`mark CAFÉ CARIBE for café and restaurant services in Florida and in commerce
`
`in the United States (the “Infringing Mark”).
`
`30. Sun previously operated a restaurant located in Tampa, Florida under
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`the name CAFÉ CARIBE.
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`
`
`
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` 5
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`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 6 of 17 PageID 6
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`31.
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`In 2019, Sun assigned the common law rights to the mark and trade
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`name CAFÉ CARIBE to Stevina.
`32. Without Plaintiff's authorization and beginning after Plaintiff acquired
`protectable exclusive rights in Plaintiff’s Mark, Stevina adopted and began using
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`the mark CAFÉ CARIBE for café and restaurant services in Florida and in
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`commerce.
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`33. Stevina currently operates a restaurant located in Tampa, Florida
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`under the name CAFÉ CARIBE.
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`34. On May 3, 2019, Stevina filed an application, signed by John Jackson,
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`for registration of the fictitious name CAFE CARIBE with the Florida Department
`
`of State. The registration (No. G19000054498) was granted.
`Jackson instructs employees to offer and render café and restaurant
`35.
`services under the CAFÉ CARIBE mark, was involved in Sun’s and Stevina’s
`adoption of the Infringing Mark, and actively participated in Sun’s and Stevina’s
`marketing, offering, and rendering of restaurant services under the Infringing
`Mark.
`
`36. Through online social media and other promotional material,
`
`Defendants promote their cafe and restaurant services using the Infringing Mark to
`
`current customers as well as potential customers including tourists and visitors
`
`
`
`
`
` 6
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 7 of 17 PageID 7
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`from other states. See Exhibit 4, corresponding to a screenshot of Defendants’
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`Facebook page.
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`37. The Infringing Mark adopted and used by Defendants is confusingly
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`similar to Plaintiff's Mark sharing CARIBE as the dominant portion of the marks.
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`38. Plaintiff’s Mark and the Infringing Mark are used for identical
`
`services: restaurant services that offer mostly Cuban cuisine.
`
`39. Plaintiff’s Mark and the Infringing Mark are similarly promoted
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`online through the parties’ websites and social media pages.
`40. Defendants did not use in commerce the Infringing Mark for café and
`restaurant services prior to 1979.
`
`41. Plaintiff adopted and used in commerce Plaintiff’s Mark for café and
`
`restaurant services prior to Defendants’ earliest use of the Infringing Mark for café
`
`and restaurant services.
`
`42. Plaintiff first learned of Defendants’ use of the Infringing Mark for
`
`café and restaurant services in 2019.
`In 2019, Plaintiff sent a cease-and-desist letter to Stevina demanding
`43.
`it cease its infringement of Plaintiff’s Mark.
` Stevina and Jackson refused to cease their use of the mark CAFÉ
`44.
`CARIBE and continue to use the Infringing Mark as of the date of this Complaint.
`
`
`
`
`
` 7
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`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 8 of 17 PageID 8
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`45. Plaintiff has been, and will continue to be, damaged by the acts of
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`Defendants.
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`46. Moreover, the goodwill of Plaintiff has been damaged and will
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`continue to be irreparably damaged unless enjoined.
`47. There is no adequate remedy at law for this irreparable harm unless an
`injunction is issued.
`
`COUNT I
`TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT UNDER 15 U.S.C. § 1114
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`48. Plaintiff realleges the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47
`inclusive.
`49. The above referenced acts constitute infringement of Plaintiff’s Mark
`in violation of Plaintiff’s rights under Section 32 of the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. §
`1114).
`50. The use in commerce by Defendants of the Infringing Mark is likely
`to deceive consumers as to the origin, source, sponsorship, or affiliation of
`Defendants’ café and restaurant services, and is likely to cause consumers to
`believe, contrary to fact, that Defendants’ café and restaurant services are rendered,
`authorized, endorsed, or sponsored by Plaintiff, or that Defendants are in some way
`affiliated with or sponsored by Plaintiff.
`
`
`
`
`
` 8
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 9 of 17 PageID 9
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`51. Defendants have committed the foregoing acts of infringement with
`full knowledge of Plaintiff's prior rights in the Plaintiff’s Mark and with the willful
`intent to cause confusion and trade on Plaintiff's goodwill.
`52. Defendants’ conduct is causing immediate and irreparable harm and
`injury to Plaintiff, and to its goodwill and reputation, and will continue to both
`damage Plaintiff and confuse the public unless enjoined by this court. Plaintiff has
`no adequate remedy at law.
`53. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests this Honorable Court to
`grant injunctive relief and an award of actual damages, Defendants’ profits,
`enhanced damages and profits, reasonable attorneys' fees, and costs of the action
`under Sections 34 and 35 of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1116, 1117, together
`with prejudgment and post-judgment interest.
`COUNT II
`COUNTERFEITING UNDER 15 U.S.C. § 1114
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`54. Plaintiff realleges the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47
`inclusive.
`55. The above referenced acts constitute counterfeiting under Section 32
`of the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. § 1114).
`56. Defendants have engaged in the advertising, promotion, offering, and
`rendering of the counterfeit café and restaurant services through operating
`
`
`
`
`
` 9
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 10 of 17 PageID 10
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`restaurants bearing the Infringing Mark and promoting said restaurant services
`online though social media and other outlets.
`57. Defendants’ unauthorized use in commerce of a spurious designation
`that is substantially indistinguishable from Plaintiff's Mark, on and in connection
`with café and restaurant services as alleged herein is likely to deceive consumers as
`to the origin, source, sponsorship, or affiliation of the counterfeit services, and is
`likely to cause consumers to believe, contrary to fact, that Defendants’ services are
`rendered, authorized, endorsed, or sponsored by Plaintiff, or that Defendants are in
`some way affiliated with or sponsored by Plaintiff.
`58. Defendants have committed the foregoing acts of counterfeiting and
`infringement with full knowledge of Plaintiff's prior rights in Plaintiff’s Mark and
`with the willful intent to cause confusion and trade on Plaintiff's goodwill.
`59. Defendants’ conduct is causing immediate and irreparable harm and
`injury to Plaintiff, and to its goodwill and reputation, and will continue to both
`damage Plaintiff and confuse the public unless enjoined by this court. Plaintiff has
`no adequate remedy at law.
`60. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests this Honorable Court to
`grant injunctive relief and an award of actual damages, Defendant's profits,
`enhanced damages and profits, statutory damages, reasonable attorneys' fees, and
`
` 10
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 11 of 17 PageID 11
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`costs of the action under Sections 34 and 35 of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§
`1116, 1117, together with prejudgment and post-judgment interest.
`COUNT III
`VIOLATION OF SECTION 43(a) OF THE LANHAM ACT (15 U.S.C. §
`1125(a))
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`61. Plaintiff realleges the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47
`inclusive.
`62. The above referenced acts constitute misrepresentations under Section
`43(a) of the Lanham Act 15 U.S.C § 1125(a)(1)(A). Defendants’ unauthorized use
`in commerce of the Infringing Mark, as alleged in this Complaint, constitutes false
`designation of origin.
`63. Defendants’ unauthorized use in commerce of the Infringing Mark as
`alleged in this Complaint is likely to cause confusion as to the origin, source,
`sponsorship, or affiliation of Defendants’ café and restaurant services and is likely
`to cause consumers to believe, contrary to fact, that Defendants’ café and
`restaurant services are rendered, authorized, endorsed, or sponsored by Plaintiff, or
`that Defendants are in some way affiliated with or sponsored by Plaintiff.
`64. Defendants’ conduct as alleged in this Complaint is willful and is
`intended to and is likely to cause confusion, mistake, or deception as to the
`affiliation, connection, or association of Defendants with Plaintiff.
`
` 11
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 12 of 17 PageID 12
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`65. Defendants’ conduct as alleged herein is causing immediate and irreparable
`harm and injury to Plaintiff, and to its goodwill and reputation, and will
`continue to both damage Plaintiff and confuse the public unless enjoined by
`this court. Plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law.
`66. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests this Honorable Court to grant
`the remedies provided under Sections 34 and 35 of the Lanham Act (15
`U.S.C. §§ 1116 and 1117) including preliminary and permanent injunctive
`relief, compensatory damages, treble damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, and
`any other relief the Court deems just and proper.
`
`COUNT IV
`COMMON LAW MARK INFRINGEMENT
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`67. Plaintiffs reallege the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47,
`
`inclusive.
`
`68. Defendants’ above referenced conduct constitutes trademark
`
`infringement in violation of the common law of the State of Florida.
`
`69. The use and/or advertising of the Infringing Mark by Defendants is
`
`likely to cause confusion or mistake among consumers as to the source of
`
`Defendants’ café and restaurant services with those of Plaintiff.
`
` 12
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 13 of 17 PageID 13
`
`70. Plaintiff, through its predecessors in interest, has used in commerce
`and in Florida Plaintiff’s Mark for café and restaurant services prior to Defendants’
`
`adoption of the Infringing Mark.
`
`71. Defendants’ deliberate and willful use and/or advertising of the
`
`Infringing Mark to identify the same, or related, services is likely to cause
`
`confusion or mistake among purchasers as to the source and sponsorship of the
`
`goods and such acts of said Defendants constitutes common law infringement of
`
`Plaintiff’s Mark.
`
`72. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests this Honorable Court to
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`grant preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, compensatory damages and
`
`punitive damages, accounting and lost profits, and any other relief the Court deems
`
`just and proper.
`
`COUNT V
`COMMON LAW UNFAIR COMPETITION
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`73. Plaintiffs reallege the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47,
`
`
`
`inclusive.
`
`74. Defendants’ above referenced conduct constitutes unfair competition in
`
`violation of the common law of the State of Florida.
`
` 13
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 14 of 17 PageID 14
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`75. Plaintiff is active in the café and restaurant business and adopted the
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`Plaintiff’s Mark prior to Defendants’ adoption of the Infringing Mark and has
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`continuously used said mark in Florida and in commerce in the United States.
`
`76. By misappropriating and using the confusingly similar Infringing
`
`Mark, Defendants have falsely designated and falsely represented that the services
`
`they promote, advertise, offer for sale, and/or render are endorsed by, are
`
`connected with, authorized by, or otherwise associated with Plaintiff.
`
`77. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests this Honorable Court to
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`grant preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, compensatory damages and
`
`punitive damages, accounting and lost profits, and any other relief the Court deems
`
`just and proper.
`
`COUNT VI
`FLORIDA DECEPTIVE AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES ACT
`(Against all Defendants)
`
`78. Plaintiffs reallege the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 47,
`
`inclusive.
`
`79. This is a claim for violation of Florida’s Deceptive and Unfair Trade
`
`Practices Act (FDUTPA), Sections 501.201-501-2101 of the Florida Statutes.
`
`80. Defendants’ conduct as alleged herein occurred in the conduct of trade
`
`and/or commerce.
`
`81. Defendants engaged in deceptive and unfair acts by engaging in
`
` 14
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 15 of 17 PageID 15
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`trademark infringement by using the confusingly similar trademark CAFÉ
`
`CARIBE for identical or highly related services—café and restaurant services—as
`
`Plaintiff’s Mark.
`
`82. Defendants’ infringing activity is likely to mislead consumers acting
`
`reasonably in the circumstances to the consumer's detriment. Defendants’ conduct
`
`has had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on Plaintiff and on members
`
`of the general public. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ unfair trade
`
`practices, members of the general public are likely to mistakenly believe that
`
`Defendants’ businesses, and the services provided by Defendants, are approved or
`
`endorsed by, or otherwise provided by Plaintiff.
`
`83. Defendants’ unlawful conduct as set forth herein has been and
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`continues to be willful, deliberate, fraudulent, and in bad faith.
`
`84. Plaintiff has been damaged by Defendants’ unfair practices because
`
`Plaintiff and Defendants are competitors.
`
`85. As a result of Defendants’ unlawful conduct, Plaintiff has suffered
`
`damage to the goodwill associated with Plaintiff’s Mark and has suffered and will
`
`continue to suffer irreparable harm. Unless enjoined, Defendants will continue to
`
`violate FDUTPA, further injuring Plaintiff and confusing the public. Accordingly,
`
`Plaintiff is entitled to entry of injunctive relief.
`
` 15
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 16 of 17 PageID 16
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`86. Defendants’ acts and practices as alleged herein offend public policy,
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`are and were unethical, oppressive, and unscrupulous, and cause and have caused
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`Plaintiff and consumers substantial and unavoidable injury. As a direct and
`
`proximate result of Defendants’ unfair, unconscionable, and deceptive acts and
`
`practices, Plaintiff has sustained injury and damages.
`
`87. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests judgment against Defendants
`
`including the entry of a permanent injunction and an award of damages, together
`
`with costs of suit, reasonable attorney’s fees pursuant to Fla. Stat. §501.2105,
`
`punitive damages, and such other and further relief as the court may deem proper.
`
`DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
`
`Plaintiff respectfully requests a trial by jury on all issues so triable in
`
`accordance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 38.
`
`
`
`Dated: January 18, 2022
`
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`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
` /s/ Christian Sanchelima
`Chris Sanchelima, Esq. (Fla. Bar No. 107751)
`chris@sanchelima.com
`Sanchelima & Associates, P.A.
`235 S.W. Le Jeune Road
`Miami, Florida 33134
`Telephone: (305) 447-1617
`Facsimile: (305) 445-8484
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`
` 16
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 17 of 17 PagelD 17
`Case 8:22-cv-00143-WFJ-CPT Document 1 Filed 01/18/22 Page 17 of 17 PageID 17
`
`VERIFICATION
`
`I, Juan Jose Alvarado, declare as follows:
`
`I am a member of Caribe Trademarks LLC and I am authorized to makethis
`
`verification on its behalf. I have read the foregoing VERIFIED COMPLAINTand
`
`I am familiar with its contents. The matters stated therein are true to the best of my
`
`knowledge, information, andbelief.
`
`Executed on October_/, 2021 at Miami, Florida.
`
`I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States and the
`
`State of Florida that the foregoing is true and correct.
`
`Caribe Trademarks LLC
`
`FAfie Sp
`
`Juan Jose Alvarado
`Position: Member
`
`

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