FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`COURT
`SUPREME
`COUNTYOFJEFFERSON
`-------------------
`THOUSAND
`on Behalf
`And
`
`OF THE STATE
`
`OF NEW YORK
`
`-----------
`
`X
`
`ISLAND
`FITNESS
`of all Others
`
`Similarly
`
`CENTER,
`Situated,
`
`Individually
`
`upon
`
`to
`
`of
`
`the
`in any
`against
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`Against
`
`ANDREW
`
`M. CUOMO,
`of
`as Governor
`Capacity
`ATTORNEY
`GENERAL
`NEW YORK,
`and STATE
`
`in his Official
`of New York,
`the State
`OF STATE
`OF
`OF NEW YORK,
`
`TO THE ABOVE
`
`NAMED DEFENDANTS
`
`Defendants.
`
`-------X
`
`No.:
`Index
`Date Purchased:
`
`SUMMONS
`
`Venue
`
`residency
`
`based
`is proper
`of Plaintiff.
`
`answer
`complaint
`Plaintiffs'
`
`SUMMONED
`YOU ARE HEREBY
`THAT
`NOTICE
`TAKE
`PLEASE
`and to serve
`the complaint
`in this
`action
`if
`the
`of your
`a copy
`answer,
`or,
`of appearance
`on the
`is not
`with
`to serve
`a notice
`served
`this
`summons,
`after
`the service
`of
`exclusive
`within
`days
`this
`attorneys
`summons,
`twenty
`is made
`upon
`you
`within
`service
`of service,
`where
`the day
`personally
`by delivery
`after
`completion
`of service
`where
`service
`is made
`days
`or, within
`state,
`(30)
`thirty
`In case of your
`failure
`to appear
`or answer,
`judgment
`will
`be taken
`other manner.
`for
`the relief
`demanded
`in the complaint.
`you
`by default
`YOU ARE HEREBY
`THAT
`you
`NOTIFIED
`should
`appearance
`or demand
`for a complaint,
`a declaratory
`judgment
`for
`you
`by default
`the relief
`demanded
`herein
`
`fail
`will
`
`a notice
`to serve
`against
`be entered
`
`of
`
`Dated:
`
`NY
`Syosset,
`8, 2020
`July
`
`Th
`
`ermigit
`
`Law Group,
`
`P.C.
`
`By·
`
`Esq.
`
`ame
`t orneys
`85 Cold
`Suite
`200
`
`. Mermigis,
`for Plaintiff
`Road
`
`Spring
`
`Syosset,
`(516)
`
`NY
`353-0075
`
`11791
`
`1 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`TO:
`Andrew
`Governor
`
`Attorney
`Capitol
`
`Albany,
`
`M. Cuomo
`
`General
`
`of New York
`
`New York
`
`12224
`
`2 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`SUPREME
`COUNTY
`
`-
`
`OF THE STATE
`COURT
`OF JEFFERSON
`
`OF NEW YORK
`
`X
`
`THOUSAND
`on Behalf
`And
`
`FITNESS
`ISLAND
`of all Others
`
`Similarly
`
`CENTER,
`Situated,
`
`Individually
`
`Against
`
`Plaintiffs,
`
`Index
`
`No.:
`
`CLASS-ACTION
`
`COMPLAINT
`
`ANDREW
`
`in his Official
`M. CUOMO,
`of New York,
`the State
`as Governor
`Capacity
`OF NEW YORK,
`OF THE STATE
`ATTORNEY
`GENERAL
`OF NEW YORK,
`and STATE
`
`of
`
`Defendants.
`
`X
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`by
`
`its attorneys,
`
`The Mermigis
`
`Law Group,
`
`P.C.,
`
`in support
`
`of
`
`this
`
`class
`
`action
`
`alleges
`
`as follows:
`
`This
`
`civil
`
`rights
`
`action
`
`challenges
`
`the executive
`
`"shutdown"
`
`orders
`
`issued
`
`by Defendant
`
`Governor
`
`Andrew
`
`M. Cuomo
`
`and enforced
`
`by him,
`
`and by Defeñdañt
`
`Attorney
`
`General
`
`of
`
`the
`
`of New York
`
`and the numerous
`
`extensions
`
`and continued
`
`enforcement
`
`of
`
`the executive
`
`State
`
`orders
`
`issued
`
`by Defendant
`
`Governor
`
`Andrew
`
`M. Cuomo,
`
`which
`
`continue
`
`to be enforced
`
`by him,
`
`and by Defendant
`
`Attorney
`
`General
`
`of
`
`the State
`
`of New York,
`
`now 122 days
`
`after Governor
`
`declared
`
`a state
`
`of emergency
`
`on March
`
`7, 2020.
`
`This
`
`action
`
`seeks
`
`declaratory
`
`and injunctive
`
`relief
`
`for deprivations
`
`sustained
`
`and
`
`continued
`
`to be sustained
`
`by plaintiff,
`
`on behalf
`
`of
`
`itself
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`and for
`
`violations
`
`committed
`
`by Defendants,
`
`acting
`
`under
`
`the color
`
`of state
`
`law,
`
`against
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`rights,
`
`and the rights
`
`of all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`as guaranteed
`
`by the Fifth
`
`and Fourteenth
`
`1
`
`3 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`Aiiiciidments
`
`of
`
`the United
`
`States Constitution,
`
`and for
`
`violations
`
`of New York
`
`State Executive
`
`Law
`
`§ 29-a,
`
`and New York
`
`Constitution
`
`Article
`
`1, § 7 and Article
`
`1, § 11.
`
`This
`
`is also
`
`an action
`
`for
`
`just
`
`compensation
`
`required
`
`by the Fifth
`
`Amend ment
`
`to the
`
`Constitution.
`
`The
`
`Fifth
`
`Amciidmcat
`
`to the Constitution
`
`requires
`
`that
`
`the government
`
`pay
`
`for
`
`property
`
`it
`
`takes:
`
`"Rights
`
`of Persons.....nor
`
`shall
`
`private
`
`property
`
`be taken
`
`for public
`
`use,
`
`without
`
`just
`
`compensation."
`
`U.S. Constitution,
`
`5th Amendment.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.
`
`Based
`
`on speculative
`
`modeling
`
`on the infectiousness
`
`and
`
`lethality
`
`of a new
`
`coronavirus,
`
`Governor
`
`Cuomo
`
`has issued
`
`executive
`
`orders
`
`that
`
`have
`
`shuttered
`
`civil
`
`society,
`
`placed
`
`19.5 million
`
`people
`
`under
`
`house
`
`arrest,
`
`and taken
`
`jobs
`
`away
`
`from millions
`
`of people,
`
`all
`
`without
`
`due process
`
`of
`
`law. The Governor
`
`has not disclosed
`
`and/or
`
`disclosed
`
`a minimal
`
`only
`
`amount
`
`of
`
`the data
`
`or methodology
`
`used
`
`to create
`
`the modeling
`
`that
`
`purportedly
`
`justifies
`
`this
`
`extreme
`
`action.
`
`2.
`
`The Governor's
`
`initial
`
`Executive
`
`Order
`
`was premised
`
`on the perceived
`
`need
`
`to
`
`"flatten
`
`the
`
`curve"
`
`so as to avoid
`
`overwhelming
`
`the State's
`
`hospitals
`
`and healthcare
`
`centers,
`
`not
`
`to eradicate
`
`the virus.
`
`Although
`
`the curve
`
`has been
`
`flattened
`
`for more
`
`than
`
`a month
`
`now,
`
`the
`
`Governor
`
`has nonetheless
`
`issued
`
`stricter
`
`and confusing
`
`executive
`
`orders
`
`that
`
`unreasonably
`
`and
`
`üililecessarily
`
`interfere
`
`with
`
`Plaintiff's,
`
`and those
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`constitutional
`
`rights.
`
`3.
`
`Governor
`
`Cuomo's
`
`executive
`
`orders
`
`are üñprecedeiited.
`
`For
`
`the first
`
`time
`
`in our
`
`State's
`
`history-indeed,
`
`in our
`
`nation's
`
`history-the
`
`State
`
`government
`
`is mass
`
`quarantining
`
`healthy
`
`people
`
`instead
`
`of
`
`the sick. As a free
`
`people,
`
`we have
`
`the unalienable
`
`right
`
`to pursue
`
`2
`
`4 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`happiness,
`
`which
`
`iñclüdes
`
`the freedom
`
`to make
`
`our own
`
`choices
`
`about
`
`our
`
`safety
`
`and welfare
`
`without
`
`unconstitutional
`
`interference.
`
`In the face
`
`of
`
`the coronavirus,
`
`it means
`
`the freedom
`
`to
`
`choose
`
`whether
`
`to stay
`
`at home,
`
`or
`
`to keep
`
`calm and carry
`
`on with
`
`the things
`
`that make
`
`life
`
`worth
`
`living.
`
`4.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`the class
`
`representative,
`
`is a family
`
`owned
`
`and friendly,
`
`local
`
`gym in
`
`Jefferson
`
`County.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`is a world
`
`class
`
`fitness
`
`facility
`
`in the Alexandria
`
`Bay
`
`and Thousand
`
`Islands,
`
`NY area and has been
`
`in operation
`
`for 21 years.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`can no longer
`
`afford
`
`to remain
`
`closed
`
`as we approach
`
`July,
`
`the fifth month
`
`of
`
`the shutdown.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`provides
`
`affordable
`
`fitness
`
`for hundreds
`
`of Jefferson
`
`County
`
`residents
`
`and allowing
`
`said
`
`residents
`
`to maintain
`
`their mental
`
`and physical
`
`health
`
`and wellness.
`
`5.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`are affected
`
`by the Governor's
`
`orders.
`
`been
`
`forced
`
`to close
`
`them
`
`Under
`
`threat
`
`of criminal
`
`penalties,
`
`they
`
`have
`
`its businesses,
`
`depriving
`
`of
`
`their
`
`liberty
`
`and property
`
`interests
`
`without
`
`due process.
`
`At
`
`the same
`
`time,
`
`without
`
`offering
`
`any
`
`justification,
`
`the Governor
`
`has allowed,
`
`and is still
`
`allowing,
`
`other
`
`businesses
`
`deemed
`
`"critical"
`
`to stay
`
`open,
`
`even
`
`though:
`
`(a)
`
`"critical"
`
`businesses
`
`must
`
`adhere
`
`to guidance
`
`from the U.S.
`
`Centers
`
`for Disease
`
`Control
`
`and Prevention
`
`("CDC")
`
`on "social
`
`distañciñg";
`
`and (b) Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`are fully
`
`capable
`
`of adhering
`
`to those
`
`same
`
`guide-lines
`
`if
`
`allowed
`
`to reopen.
`
`6.
`
`Although
`
`New York,
`
`like
`
`all States
`
`in the Union,
`
`is expressly
`
`guaranteed
`
`a
`
`republican
`
`form of government
`
`under
`
`Article
`
`IV, Section
`
`4 of
`
`the U.S. Constitution,
`
`the
`
`Governor
`
`has unilaterally
`
`suspended
`
`civil
`
`liberties
`
`and announced
`
`that
`
`this
`
`state
`
`of affairs
`
`will
`
`continue
`
`even
`
`over
`
`the Legislature's
`
`objection.
`
`3
`
`5 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`7.
`
`On March
`
`2, 2020, New York
`
`State
`
`Legislature
`
`rushed
`
`through
`
`in record
`
`time
`
`with
`
`a message
`
`of necessity
`
`from Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`a bill
`
`amending
`
`Section
`
`29-a
`
`of
`
`the
`
`Executive
`
`Law to increase
`
`the Governor
`
`Cuomo's
`
`powers
`
`to deal with
`
`a broad
`
`array
`
`of
`
`emergencies.
`
`Upon
`
`information
`
`and belief,
`
`there was
`
`no debate,
`
`prior
`
`public
`
`notice
`
`and no media
`
`coverage
`
`and bill was
`
`passed while
`
`everyone
`
`in the state was
`
`sleeping.
`
`8.
`
`Ours
`
`is a constitutional
`
`republic
`
`that
`
`empowers
`
`government
`
`to act within
`
`defined
`
`limits.
`
`Those
`
`limits
`
`apply
`
`at all
`
`times
`
`and under
`
`all circumstances.
`
`In war,
`
`in peace,
`
`and in
`
`paiidemics.
`
`"No
`
`doctrine,
`
`involving
`
`more
`
`pernicious
`
`consequences,
`
`was
`
`ever
`
`invented
`
`by the wit
`
`of man
`
`than
`
`that
`
`any of
`
`its provisions
`
`can be suspended
`
`during
`
`any of
`
`the great
`
`exigencies
`
`of
`
`government.
`
`Such
`
`a doctrine
`
`leads
`
`directly
`
`to anarchy
`
`or despotism...."
`
`Ex parte Milligan,
`
`71
`
`U.S.
`
`(4 Wall.)
`
`2, 120-122
`
`(1866).
`
`9.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`seek a judicial
`
`declaration
`
`that
`
`the
`
`executive
`
`orders
`
`keeping
`
`people
`
`in their
`
`homes
`
`and away
`
`from their
`
`businesses-and
`
`all other
`
`orders,
`
`rules,
`
`and enforcement
`
`activity
`
`related
`
`to them-are
`
`unconstitutional
`
`under
`
`the the Due
`
`Process
`
`Clause,
`
`the Equal
`
`Protection
`
`Clause,
`
`and State
`
`law. Such
`
`a declaration,
`
`and a
`
`corresponding
`
`injunction,
`
`will
`
`yield
`
`a more
`
`rational,
`
`pragmatic
`
`response
`
`to the virus
`
`that
`
`saves
`
`lives,
`
`saves
`
`livelihoods,
`
`and preserves
`
`constitutional
`
`norms
`
`all at
`
`the same
`
`time.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all
`
`others
`
`situated,
`
`are also making
`
`a Takings
`
`Claim
`
`for
`
`just
`
`compeiisation
`
`required
`
`by the Fifth
`
`Ameiidmeiit
`
`to the Constitution.
`
`The Fifth
`
`Amendment
`
`to the Constitution
`
`requires
`
`that
`
`the
`
`govertiment
`
`pay
`
`for property
`
`it
`
`takes:
`
`"Rights
`
`of Persons.....nor
`
`shall
`
`private
`
`property
`
`be taken
`
`for public
`
`use, without
`
`just
`
`compensation."
`
`U.S. Constitution,
`
`5th Amendment.
`
`4
`
`6 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`10.
`
`In short,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`bring
`
`this
`
`lawsuit
`
`to define
`
`the
`
`limits
`
`of a State's
`
`police
`
`power. Whatever
`
`its limits,
`
`this
`
`legal
`
`term of art
`
`is not
`
`some
`
`principle
`
`that
`
`unlocks
`
`absolute
`
`executive
`
`power
`
`and casts
`
`our Constitution
`
`to the wind.
`
`The
`
`issues
`
`raised
`
`in this Complaint
`
`are novel,
`
`and they will
`
`not be rendered
`
`moot
`
`if
`
`the executive
`
`order
`
`is lifted
`
`before
`
`the Court
`
`judgment.
`
`are capable
`
`of
`
`repetition
`
`issues
`
`The
`
`issues
`
`presented
`
`and are of such
`
`importance
`
`that
`
`they
`
`cannot
`
`evade
`
`judicial
`
`review.
`
`11.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`Thousand
`
`Island
`
`Fitness
`
`Center,
`
`is a New York
`
`Limited
`
`Liability
`
`PARTIES
`
`company
`
`with
`
`its principal
`
`place
`
`of business
`
`in Jefferson
`
`County.
`
`Because
`
`of Governor
`
`Cuomo's
`
`executive
`
`orders,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`have
`
`been
`
`forced
`
`to close
`
`their
`
`fitness
`
`facilities
`
`since March
`
`through
`
`the date
`
`of
`
`this Complaint.
`
`16, 2020
`
`the filing
`
`of
`
`12.
`
`Defendant
`
`Andrew
`
`M. Cuomo
`
`is the Governor
`
`of
`
`the State
`
`of New York
`
`and
`
`signed
`
`Executive
`
`Order
`
`202.3
`
`on March
`
`16, 2020,
`
`which
`
`ordered
`
`that
`
`all gyms
`
`close.
`
`The State
`
`Constitution
`
`requires
`
`that
`
`the Governor
`
`ensure
`
`that
`
`the laws
`
`of
`
`the state
`
`are "faithfully
`
`executed."
`
`Governor
`
`Cuomo's
`
`office
`
`for
`
`the transaction
`
`of business
`
`is located
`
`at
`
`the New York
`
`State Capitol
`
`New York
`
`12224.
`
`Governor
`
`herein
`
`in his official
`
`capacity.
`
`Building,
`
`Albany,
`
`Cuomo
`
`is sued
`
`Pursuant
`
`to Executive
`
`Law
`
`§ 223,
`
`the superintendent
`
`of state
`
`police
`
`and
`
`its members
`
`"shall
`
`be
`
`subject
`
`to the call
`
`of
`
`the governor
`
`and are empowered
`
`to co-operate
`
`with
`
`any other
`
`department
`
`of
`
`the state
`
`or with
`
`local
`
`authorities."
`
`13.
`
`Defendant
`
`the Office
`
`of
`
`the Attorney
`
`General
`
`of
`
`the State
`
`of New York,
`
`pursuant
`
`to Executive
`
`Law
`
`§ 60,
`
`is the head
`
`of
`
`the New York
`
`State Department
`
`of Law and prosecutes
`
`and
`
`5
`
`7 of 73
`
`

`

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`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`defends
`
`all actions
`
`in which
`
`the state
`
`has an interest,
`
`and have
`
`charge
`
`and control
`
`of all
`
`the legal
`
`business
`
`of
`
`the departments
`
`and bureaus
`
`of
`
`the state,
`
`or of any office
`
`thereof
`
`which
`
`requires
`
`the
`
`services
`
`of attorney
`
`or counsel
`
`to protect
`
`the interest
`
`of
`
`the State.
`
`JURISDICTIONAND
`
`VENUE
`
`14.
`
`Pursuant
`
`to 42 U.S.C.
`
`§ 1983,
`
`this Court
`
`has jurisdiction
`
`to enforce
`
`the provisions
`
`of
`
`the United
`
`States Constitution.
`
`15.
`
`Pursuant
`
`to authority
`
`vested
`
`in it by state
`
`law,
`
`this Court
`
`has jurisdiction
`
`to
`
`enforce
`
`the New York
`
`State Constitution
`
`and its statutes
`
`and to find
`
`and declare
`
`any
`
`unconstitutional
`
`either
`
`on its face
`
`or as applied.
`
`16.
`
`Venue
`
`is proper
`
`in Jefferson
`
`County
`
`because
`
`Plaintiff
`
`has its principal
`
`office
`
`in
`
`Jefferson
`
`County.
`
`THE EXECUTIVE
`
`"SHUTDOWN"
`
`ORDERS
`
`17.
`
`On March
`
`7, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202, which
`
`declared
`
`a state
`
`of disaster
`
`emergency
`
`for
`
`the State
`
`of New York.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202 as
`
`Exhibit
`
`A.)
`
`18.
`
`On March
`
`16, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.3,
`
`which
`
`stated
`
`that
`
`gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers
`
`or classes
`
`shall
`
`cease
`
`operation
`
`effective
`
`at 8pm on March
`
`16, 2020
`
`until
`
`further
`
`notice.
`
`(See
`
`attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.3
`
`as Exhibit
`
`B.)
`
`6
`
`8 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`19.
`
`On March
`
`29, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.13,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until
`
`April
`
`15, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.13
`
`as Exhibit
`
`C.)
`
`20.
`
`On April
`
`7, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.14,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until
`
`April
`
`29, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.14
`
`as Exhibit
`
`D.)
`
`21.
`
`On April
`
`16, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.18,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until May
`
`15, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.18
`
`as Exhibit
`
`E.)
`
`22.
`
`On May
`
`14, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.31,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`fitness
`
`28, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`of gyms,
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until May
`
`order
`
`202.31
`
`as Exhibit
`
`F.)
`
`23.
`
`On May
`
`28, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.34,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gym,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until
`
`June
`
`27, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.34
`
`as Exhibit
`
`G.)
`
`24.
`
`On June
`
`13, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.41,
`
`which
`
`ü||üwid
`
`all personal
`
`care
`
`services
`
`to open
`
`iñcluding
`
`salon
`
`tattoo
`
`purives,
`
`piercing
`
`parlors
`
`and
`
`related
`
`personal
`
`care
`
`services.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.41
`
`as Exhibit
`
`H.)
`
`25.
`
`On June
`
`26, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.45,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc. until
`
`July
`
`26, 2020.
`
`(See attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.45
`
`as Exhibit
`
`I.)
`
`7
`
`9 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`26.
`
`On July
`
`6, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo,
`
`signed
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.48,
`
`which
`
`extended
`
`the shutdown
`
`of gyms,
`
`fitness
`
`centers,
`
`etc,listiejiititely.
`
`(see attached
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.48
`
`as Exhibit
`
`J.)
`
`STATEMENT
`
`OF FACTS
`
`27.
`
`On March
`
`16, 2020,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similar
`
`situated,
`
`businesses
`
`were
`
`declared
`
`non-essential
`
`without
`
`process.
`
`Liquor
`
`stores
`
`and big box
`
`stores
`
`such
`
`as Target, Walmart
`
`and Home
`
`Depot
`
`were
`
`allowed
`
`to remain
`
`open
`
`as
`
`"Essential."
`
`Plaintiff's,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`health
`
`protocols
`
`are sufficiently
`
`similar
`
`to those
`
`businesses
`
`that were
`
`allowed
`
`to remain
`
`open.
`
`28.
`
`businesses
`
`essential
`
`to
`
`Plaintiff's,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`are absolutely
`
`the health
`
`and well
`
`being
`
`of
`
`its members
`
`and to the financial
`
`viability
`
`and health
`
`of
`
`its owners
`
`and employees.
`
`29.
`
`Defendants'
`
`executive
`
`order
`
`202.3
`
`and the executive
`
`orders
`
`that
`
`followed
`
`do not
`
`provide
`
`a pre-
`
`or post-
`
`deprivation
`
`remedy
`
`to question
`
`"essential."
`
`There
`
`has never
`
`been
`
`any
`
`health
`
`inspection
`
`of
`
`the Plaintiff's,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`gyms,
`
`no analysis
`
`of
`
`the
`
`health
`
`status
`
`of gyms
`
`as essential
`
`and no analysis
`
`of Plaintiff's,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`health
`
`related
`
`protocols
`
`to see if
`
`they meet
`
`the same
`
`health
`
`standards
`
`as allowed
`
`for essential
`
`businesses.
`
`8
`
`10 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`30.
`
`There
`
`was
`
`a list of businesses
`
`that were
`
`allowed
`
`to remain
`
`open
`
`and that
`
`the
`
`classification
`
`was not
`
`reasonable
`
`or
`
`rational
`
`and was
`
`arbitrary
`
`and random
`
`without
`
`any data,
`
`and
`
`therefore
`
`a denial
`
`of due process.
`
`31.
`
`On June
`
`4, 2020,
`
`during
`
`his press
`
`conference,
`
`Cuomo
`
`said that,"this
`
`is a public
`
`health
`
`issue
`
`and you
`
`don't
`
`want
`
`people
`
`sick
`
`and
`
`dead."
`
`During
`
`the same
`
`press
`
`briefing,
`
`Cuomo
`
`New York.
`
`stated
`
`that
`
`he wanted
`
`to thank
`
`the protesters
`
`for protesting
`
`in thousands
`
`throughout
`
`The
`
`only
`
`conclusion
`
`you
`
`draw
`
`from that
`
`is that
`
`thousands
`
`of people
`
`can march
`
`together
`
`throughout
`
`the State
`
`and there
`
`is no public
`
`health
`
`issue
`
`for marches,
`
`but
`
`someone
`
`who wants
`
`to
`
`open
`
`their
`
`gym with CDC safety
`
`guidelines
`
`is endangering
`
`the public.
`
`32.
`
`The Governor
`
`cannot
`
`selectively
`
`enforce
`
`his executive
`
`orders.
`
`There
`
`is either
`
`a
`
`or
`
`there's
`
`not.
`
`be both.
`
`public
`
`health
`
`emergency
`
`It cannot
`
`33.
`
`Cuomo
`
`boasts
`
`on CNN on June
`
`25, 2020:
`
`"What
`
`we 're saying
`
`in New York,
`
`look,
`
`we did
`
`the right
`
`thing
`
`and New Yorkers
`
`paid
`
`a terrible
`
`cost
`
`as you
`
`know, Alisyn.
`
`They
`
`have
`
`been
`
`locked
`
`up. They
`
`have
`
`been
`
`c|üsiñg
`
`their
`
`businesses.
`
`We have
`
`the virus
`
`under
`
`control
`
`finally.
`
`We
`
`had
`
`to flatten
`
`the curve."1
`
`(See attached
`
`transcript
`
`as Exhibit
`
`K.)
`
`34.
`
`As we approach
`
`July,
`
`the fifth month
`
`since
`
`the shutdown,
`
`there
`
`is still
`
`no date
`
`in
`
`site for
`
`the opening
`
`of gyms
`
`or
`
`fitness
`
`centers.
`
`Tanning
`
`salons,
`
`tattoo
`
`parlors,
`
`dentists,
`
`malls
`
`and
`
`all personal
`
`care
`
`businesses
`
`have
`
`been
`
`allowed
`
`to open.
`
`35.
`
`On June
`
`25, 2020, Governor
`
`Andrew
`
`Cuomo
`
`announced
`
`that
`
`gyms would
`
`NOT
`
`open
`
`during
`
`Phase
`
`IV. There
`
`is no Phase V. The State
`
`continues
`
`to govern
`
`impartially
`
`and
`
`1 Audio
`Governor
`& Rush
`Transcript:
`of Covid-19
`since
`Rate
`Beginning
`
`Cuomo
`Pandemic.
`
`New York
`announces
`June
`25, 2020.
`
`at Lowest
`
`Hospitalization
`
`9
`
`11 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`arbitrarily
`
`by allowing
`
`personal
`
`care
`
`businesses
`
`such
`
`as tanning
`
`salons,
`
`tattoo
`
`parlors,
`
`salons,
`
`and
`
`spas
`
`to open while
`
`gyms
`
`are still
`
`ordered
`
`to remain
`
`shut.
`
`36.
`
`Every
`
`other
`
`state
`
`in this
`
`country
`
`has allowed
`
`gyms
`
`to re-open
`
`along
`
`with
`
`hair
`
`salons,
`
`barber
`
`shops
`
`and spas
`
`including
`
`California,
`
`South
`
`Carolina,
`
`Texas,
`
`Connecticut,
`
`Delaware,
`
`Florida,
`
`Georgia,
`
`Indiana,
`
`Minnesota,
`
`Missouri,
`
`New Hampshire,
`
`Pennsylvania
`
`and
`
`Wisconsins.
`
`New York
`
`gyms
`
`continue
`
`to be shut
`
`down meanwhile
`
`two
`
`states
`
`(CT.
`
`and PA.)
`
`that
`
`border New York
`
`have
`
`opened
`
`their
`
`gyms.
`
`37.
`
`If you
`
`live
`
`by the CT or PA. border,
`
`you
`
`can go to a gym in one of
`
`those
`
`states
`
`but
`
`cannot
`
`workout
`
`in a gym in New York.
`
`38.
`
`"We
`
`are continuing
`
`to study malls, movie
`
`theaters
`
`and
`
`gyms,"
`
`Governor
`
`Cuomo
`
`told
`
`reporters
`
`press
`
`conference
`
`on June
`
`are now allowed
`
`to be
`
`during
`
`his daily
`
`24, 2020.2 Malls
`
`opened,
`
`possibly
`
`because
`
`of
`
`the state
`
`tax
`
`revenue
`
`that
`
`they
`
`generate.
`
`39.
`
`Cuomo
`
`senior
`
`adviser
`
`elaborated
`
`on June
`
`24, 2020
`
`that,
`
`"There
`
`are some
`
`things
`
`that
`
`don't
`
`fit neatly
`
`into
`
`a phase
`
`that
`
`are going
`
`to require
`
`further
`
`study
`
`and we're
`
`going
`
`through
`
`that
`
`right
`
`now."3
`
`40.
`
`On June
`
`26, 2020,
`
`eight Members
`
`of
`
`the New York
`
`State Assembly
`
`penned
`
`the
`
`following
`
`excerpts
`
`from a letter
`
`to Governor
`
`Andrew
`
`Cuomo:
`
`"I write
`
`to you
`
`today
`
`to express my deepest
`
`concerns
`
`about
`
`your
`
`decision
`
`to
`
`remove
`
`gyms
`
`from Phase
`
`IV of
`
`re-opening.
`
`Since
`
`your
`
`announcement
`
`yesterday,
`
`I
`
`___________________
`2 Governor
`
`Andrew
`
`M. Cuomo,
`
`daily
`
`press
`
`conference,
`
`June
`
`24, 2020.
`
`3 nypost.com,
`24, 2020.
`
`Malls,
`
`Gyms
`
`and movie
`
`theaters
`
`will
`
`not
`
`reopen
`
`in New York's
`
`Phase
`
`Four,
`
`June
`
`10
`
`12 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`have
`
`heard
`
`from gym owners
`
`who
`
`have
`
`expressed
`
`frustrations
`
`and
`
`concerns
`
`that
`
`if
`
`they
`
`do not open
`
`soon,
`
`they may
`
`never
`
`open
`
`their
`
`doors
`
`again."
`
`"Over
`
`the last
`
`few weeks,
`
`the Southern
`
`Tier
`
`and New York State
`
`as a whole
`
`have
`
`made
`
`great
`
`strides
`
`in fighting
`
`against
`
`the spread
`
`of covid-19.
`
`While
`
`the health
`
`and
`
`safety
`
`of my constituents
`
`is my top priority,
`
`I cannot
`
`see the logic
`
`in this
`
`announcement
`
`of
`
`refusing
`
`to allow
`
`gyms
`
`to open
`
`in Phase
`
`IV
`
`"
`
`"For
`
`weeks
`
`and months,
`
`we have
`
`all
`
`stuck
`
`to the plan.
`
`Gyms
`
`have
`
`been working
`
`around
`
`the clock
`
`to come
`
`up with
`
`creative
`
`and safe ways
`
`to open
`
`theirs
`
`doors
`
`again.
`
`Gyms
`
`play
`
`not only
`
`a crucial
`
`role
`
`in the physical
`
`health
`
`and fitness
`
`of New
`
`contribute
`
`to mental
`
`which
`
`has
`
`taken
`
`toll
`
`Yorkers,
`
`but also
`
`health,
`
`surely
`
`during
`
`the NYS on PAUSE
`
`initiative.
`
`Studies
`
`have
`
`shown
`
`that
`
`regular
`
`exercise
`
`and
`
`fitness,
`
`as well
`
`as good
`
`sleeping
`
`and eating
`
`habits,
`
`play
`
`crucial
`
`roles
`
`in boosting
`
`one 's immune
`
`system,
`
`which
`
`could
`
`ultimately
`
`play
`
`a role
`
`in how badly
`
`covid-19
`
`affects
`
`an individual
`
`who
`
`contracts
`
`the virus.
`
`"4
`
`41.
`
`In a recent
`
`United
`
`States
`
`Senate
`
`Health,
`
`Education,
`
`Labor & Pensions
`
`Committee
`
`Hearing,
`
`Senator
`
`Rand
`
`Paul,
`
`a doctor
`
`said
`
`the following,
`
`"It
`
`is a fatal
`
`conceit
`
`to believe
`
`that
`
`any
`
`one person
`
`or small
`
`group
`
`ofpeople
`
`have
`
`the knowledge
`
`necessor
`
`y to direct
`
`an economy,
`
`or
`
`dictate,
`
`public
`
`health
`
`behavior
`
`"
`
`"Government
`
`health
`
`experts
`
`need
`
`to show caution
`
`in their
`
`4 Letter
`Ashby,
`David
`
`to Andrew
`Karl Brabenic,
`June
`DiPietro,
`
`Cuomo
`Members
`by the
`failevviiig
`Will Barclay,
`Joe DeStefano,
`26, 2020.
`
`the Assembly:
`of
`Ken Blackenbush,
`
`Clifford
`Marjorie
`
`Crouch,
`Byrnes
`
`Jake
`and
`
`11
`
`13 of 73
`
`

`

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`
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`
`prognostications.
`
`It
`
`is important
`
`to realize
`
`that
`
`if society
`
`meekly
`
`submits
`
`to an expert
`
`and
`
`that
`
`expert
`
`is wrong,
`
`a great
`
`deal
`
`of harm may
`
`occur
`
`"5
`
`42.
`
`As of July
`
`7, 2020,
`
`Plaintiff's,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`fitness
`
`centers
`
`have
`
`been
`
`shut
`
`down
`
`for
`
`114 days,
`
`even
`
`though
`
`on July
`
`6, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo
`
`announced
`
`that New York
`
`has the best
`
`infection
`
`rate
`
`in the United
`
`States which
`
`is less than
`
`1%.
`
`43.
`
`On July
`
`6, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo
`
`also
`
`announced
`
`that New York
`
`had the lowest
`
`hospitalizations
`
`since March
`
`18, 2020.
`
`44.
`
`On July
`
`6, 2020, Governor
`
`Cuomo
`
`also
`
`announced
`
`the lowest
`
`daily
`
`death
`
`totals
`
`since
`
`early March:
`
`eight
`
`lives
`
`lost on 7/4 and nine
`
`lives
`
`lost
`
`on 7/5.
`
`45.
`
`These
`
`statistics
`
`show that
`
`the curve
`
`flattened
`
`time
`
`ago and there
`
`is no
`
`a long
`
`longer
`
`a state
`
`of emergency
`
`in the State
`
`ofNew
`
`York.
`
`46.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`is a family
`
`owned
`
`and operated
`
`business
`
`in Jefferson
`
`County
`
`for
`
`twenty-
`
`one years
`
`and Plaintiff
`
`can no longer
`
`afford
`
`to remain
`
`closed
`
`as we are in July,
`
`the fifth month
`
`of
`
`the shutdown.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`provides
`
`affordable
`
`fitness
`
`for hundreds
`
`of Jefferson
`
`County
`
`residents
`
`and allowing
`
`said
`
`residents
`
`to maintain
`
`their mental
`
`and physical
`
`health
`
`and wellness.
`
`If Plaintiff
`
`does
`
`not open
`
`immediately,
`
`Plaintiff
`
`will
`
`permanently
`
`shut
`
`its doors.
`
`47.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`provide
`
`their members
`
`an essential
`
`service.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`can provide
`
`this
`
`professional
`
`service
`
`to its
`
`members
`
`in a spacious,
`
`socially
`
`distanced,
`
`sanitary
`
`and covid
`
`conscious
`
`environment.
`
`_________________
`5 U.S. Senate
`
`Health,
`
`Education,
`
`Labor
`
`& Pensions
`
`Committee
`
`Hearing,
`
`6/29/20.
`
`12
`
`14 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
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`
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`
`48.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`have
`
`all conformed
`
`their
`
`fitness
`
`centers
`
`to the Center
`
`of Disease
`
`Control
`
`guidelines,
`
`just
`
`like
`
`the fitness
`
`centers
`
`in at
`
`least
`
`forty
`
`states
`
`that
`
`have
`
`been
`
`allowed
`
`to open,
`
`including
`
`Pennsylvania,
`
`Connecticut
`
`and Massachusetts.
`
`49.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`have
`
`been
`
`affected
`
`terribly
`
`by the
`
`Governor's
`
`executive
`
`orders.
`
`Under
`
`threat
`
`of criminal
`
`penalties,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`have
`
`been
`
`forced
`
`to close
`
`their
`
`businesses,
`
`depriving
`
`the Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`of
`
`their
`
`liberty
`
`and property
`
`interests
`
`without
`
`due process.
`
`At
`
`the same
`
`time,
`
`without
`
`the Governor
`
`has allowed,
`
`and
`
`is still
`
`allowing,
`
`other
`
`offering
`
`any justification,
`
`businesses
`
`deemed
`
`"essential"
`
`to stay
`
`open,
`
`even
`
`though:
`
`(a)
`
`"essential"
`
`businesses
`
`must
`
`also
`
`adhere
`
`to guidance
`
`from the U.S. Centers
`
`for Disease
`
`Control
`
`and Prevention
`
`("CDC")
`
`on
`
`"social
`
`distailcliig";
`
`and (b) Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`are fully
`
`capable
`
`of
`
`adheriiig
`
`to those
`
`same
`
`guide-lines
`
`if allowed
`
`to reopen.
`
`50.
`
`At
`
`the present
`
`time,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`and all others
`
`similarly
`
`situated,
`
`have
`
`lost
`
`hundreds
`
`of millions
`
`of dollars
`
`in reveiiüe
`
`and have
`
`had to lay off
`
`at
`
`least
`
`70,000
`
`employees
`
`throughout
`
`the
`
`State.
`
`THE_EUROPEAN
`
`GYM STUDY
`
`51.
`
`In a research
`
`experiiiiciit
`
`in Europe,
`
`researchers
`
`found
`
`no coronavirus
`
`infections
`
`among
`
`thousands
`
`of people
`
`allowed
`
`to return
`
`to their
`
`gyms.6
`
`6 New York Times,
`
`nytimes.com,
`
`June
`
`25, 2020.
`
`13
`
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`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
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`
`52.
`
`It was apparently
`
`the first
`
`and only
`
`randomized
`
`trial
`
`to test whether
`
`people
`
`who
`
`work
`
`out at gyms
`
`with modest
`
`restrictions
`
`are at greater
`
`risk
`
`of
`
`infection
`
`from the coronavirus
`
`than
`
`those who
`
`do not. The
`
`tentative
`
`answer
`
`was
`
`no.7
`
`53.
`
`The
`
`incidence
`
`of
`
`the infection
`
`in Oslo,
`
`where
`
`the study
`
`was
`
`conducted,
`
`resembles
`
`that
`
`in such
`
`cities
`
`as Boston,
`
`Oklahoma
`
`City
`
`and Trenton,
`
`NJ.8
`
`54.
`
`The
`
`trial
`
`began
`
`on May
`
`22, 2020 with
`
`3,764 members,
`
`ages
`
`18 to 64, who
`
`did not
`
`have
`
`underlying
`
`medical
`
`conditions.
`
`They
`
`were
`
`required
`
`to wash
`
`hands
`
`and maliitalii
`
`social
`
`distancing.
`
`The
`
`subjects
`
`were
`
`allowed
`
`required
`
`to use lockers
`
`and were
`
`not
`
`to wear masks.
`
`The
`
`researchers
`
`found
`
`only
`
`one covid-19
`
`case of
`
`the 3,764
`
`subjects,
`
`but
`
`in a person
`
`who
`
`had not used
`
`the gym before
`
`he was
`
`tested
`
`and was
`
`traced
`
`to his workplace.9
`
`INFECTIVITY
`
`OF ASYMPTOMATIC
`
`COVID-19
`
`CARRIERS
`
`55.
`
`A very
`
`important
`
`study
`
`was
`
`conducted
`
`where
`
`455
`
`subjects
`
`were
`
`exposed
`
`to an
`
`asymptomatic
`
`carrier
`
`of covid-19.
`
`The
`
`study
`
`revealed
`
`that
`
`all 455
`
`subjects
`
`exposed
`
`to the
`
`asymptomatic
`
`carrier
`
`of covid
`
`19 were
`
`excluded
`
`from covid-19
`
`infection
`
`and the conclusion
`
`of
`
`the study
`
`was
`
`that
`
`the infectivity
`
`of asymptomatic
`
`covid-19
`
`carriers
`
`might
`
`be weak.10
`
`___________________
`7 id.
`
`8 ld.
`
`9 id.
`
`10 PubMed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
`
`14
`
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`
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`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
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`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`CLASS
`
`ACTION
`
`ALLEGATIONS
`
`56.
`
`57.
`
`This
`
`action meets
`
`all
`
`the requirements
`
`of a class
`
`action
`
`under
`
`C.P.LR.
`
`§ 901.
`
`The
`
`putative
`
`Class
`
`consists
`
`of all gyms
`
`and fitness
`
`centers,
`
`who
`
`have
`
`been
`
`shutdown
`
`by Defendant
`
`Governor
`
`Cuomo's
`
`executive
`
`orders
`
`since March
`
`16, 2020.
`
`The
`
`putative
`
`Class
`
`continues
`
`to be shut
`
`down
`
`on July
`
`8, 2020, with
`
`no opening
`
`date
`
`in sight.
`
`58.
`
`59.
`
`Excluded
`
`from the Class
`
`are Defendants.
`
`While
`
`Plaintiff
`
`does
`
`not
`
`know
`
`the exact
`
`ñüniber
`
`of
`
`the members
`
`of
`
`the Class,
`
`Plaintiff
`
`believes
`
`there
`
`are several
`
`hundred
`
`members.
`
`60.
`
`The
`
`legal
`
`constitutionality
`
`or unconstitutionality
`
`of
`
`the enforcement
`
`of
`
`the
`
`executive
`
`shutdown
`
`orders
`
`and in the continued
`
`enforcement
`
`of
`
`the executive
`
`shutdown
`
`orders
`
`constitute
`
`questions
`
`common
`
`and predominates
`
`over
`
`to the Class,
`
`any question
`
`affecting
`
`only
`
`individual
`
`members.
`
`61.
`
`The
`
`claim
`
`for a declaration
`
`of unconstitutionality
`
`and the claim
`
`for a Taking
`
`by
`
`the Plaintiff,
`
`as the Class
`
`representative,
`
`are typical
`
`of
`
`the claims
`
`of
`
`the members
`
`of
`
`the Class.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`and all members
`
`of
`
`the Class
`
`are similarly
`
`affected
`
`by Defendant's
`
`unconstitutional
`
`executive
`
`shutdown
`
`orders
`
`and their
`
`enforcement
`
`thereof.
`
`62.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`as a class
`
`representative,
`
`will
`
`fairly
`
`and adequately
`
`protect
`
`the interests
`
`of
`
`the Class.
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`claims
`
`arise
`
`out of
`
`the same
`
`common
`
`course
`
`of conduct
`
`giving
`
`rise to the
`
`claims
`
`of other members
`
`of
`
`the Class.
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`interests
`
`are coincident
`
`with,
`
`and not
`
`antagonistic
`
`to,
`
`those
`
`of
`
`the other members
`
`of
`
`the Class.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`is represented
`
`by counsel
`
`who
`
`are competent
`
`and experienced
`
`in the prosecution
`
`of Equal
`
`Protection,
`
`Due Process,
`
`New York
`
`Constitution
`
`and Takings
`
`claims.
`
`15
`
`17 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
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`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`63.
`
`A class
`
`action
`
`is superior
`
`to any other method
`
`for
`
`the resolution
`
`of
`
`this
`
`dispute,
`
`in
`
`that,
`
`among
`
`other
`
`things,
`
`such
`
`treatment
`
`will
`
`permit
`
`a large
`
`number
`
`of similarly
`
`situated
`
`persons
`
`to prosecute
`
`their
`
`common
`
`claims
`
`in a single
`
`forum
`
`sirn9hneously,
`
`efficiently,
`
`and without
`
`the
`
`unnecessary
`
`duplication
`
`of evidence,
`
`effort,
`
`and expense
`
`that
`
`numerous
`
`individual
`
`actions
`
`would
`
`engender.
`
`The
`
`benefits
`
`of proceeding
`
`through
`
`the class mechanism,
`
`including
`
`providing
`
`injured
`
`gyms
`
`and fitness
`
`centers
`
`with
`
`a method
`
`of obtaining
`
`redress
`
`for
`
`claims
`
`that might
`
`not be
`
`practicable
`
`to pursue
`
`individually,
`
`substantially
`
`outweigh
`
`any difficulties
`
`that may
`
`arise
`
`in the
`
`management
`
`of
`
`this
`
`class
`
`action.
`
`64.
`
`The
`
`prosecution
`
`of separate
`
`actions
`
`by individual
`
`members
`
`of
`
`the Class would
`
`create
`
`a risk
`
`of
`
`inconsistent
`
`incompatible
`
`standards
`
`of
`
`and varying
`
`adjudications,
`
`establishing
`
`conduct
`
`for Defendants.
`
`COUNT
`
`I
`
`- PROCEDURAL
`
`DUE PROCESS
`
`65.
`
`66.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`incorporates
`
`paragraphs
`
`1-64
`
`as if
`
`fully
`
`set
`
`forth
`
`herein.
`
`"Every
`
`person
`
`who,
`
`under
`
`color
`
`of any
`
`statute,
`
`ordinance,
`
`regulation,
`
`custom,
`
`or
`
`usage,
`
`of any State
`
`... subjects,
`
`or causes
`
`to be subjected,
`
`any
`
`citizen
`
`of
`
`the United
`
`States
`
`or other
`
`person
`
`within
`
`the jurisdiction
`
`thereof
`
`to the deprivation
`
`of any
`
`rights,
`
`privileges,
`
`or
`
`immüñities
`
`secured
`
`by the Constitution
`
`and laws,
`
`shall
`
`be liable
`
`to the party
`
`injured
`
`in an action
`
`at
`
`law,
`
`suit
`
`in equity,
`
`or other
`
`proper
`
`proceeding
`
`redress."
`
`for
`
`42 U.S.C.
`
`§ 1983.
`
`67.
`
`The Due Process
`
`Clause
`
`of
`
`the Fourteenth
`
`Amendment
`
`to the U.S. Constitution
`
`provides
`
`that
`
`no State
`
`can "deprive
`
`any person
`
`of
`
`life,
`
`liberty,
`
`or property,
`
`without
`
`due process
`
`of
`
`law."
`
`U.S. Const.
`
`amend.
`
`XIV,
`
`§ 1, cl. 3.
`
`16
`
`18 of 73
`
`

`

`FILED: JEFFERSON COUNTY CLERK 07/09/2020 11:32 AM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1
`
`INDEX NO. EF2020-00000997
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2020
`
`68.
`
`The
`
`procedural
`
`component
`
`of
`
`the Due Process
`
`Clause
`
`prohibits
`
`goveriiinciit
`
`from
`
`depriving
`
`Plaintiff
`
`and members
`
`of
`
`the putative
`
`Class
`
`of
`
`liberty
`
`and property
`
`interests
`
`without
`
`providing
`
`any process
`
`before
`
`or after
`
`the deprivations
`
`occurred.
`
`69.
`
`To establish
`
`a procedural
`
`due process
`
`claim
`
`under
`
`42 U.S.C.
`
`§ 1983, Plaintiff
`
`and
`
`Class member
`
`must
`
`show that
`
`(1)
`
`they
`
`had a life,
`
`liberty,
`
`or property
`
`interest
`
`protected
`
`by the
`
`Due Process
`
`Clause;
`
`(2)
`
`they were
`
`deprived
`
`of
`
`this
`
`protected
`
`liiterest;
`
`and (3)
`
`the state
`
`did not
`
`afford
`
`them adequate
`
`procedural
`
`ri