OTHER
`
`BOOKS BY JULIUS
`
`GRANT
`
`Books and Documents
`Science for the Prosecution
`Cellulose Pulp and Allied Products
`Fluorescence Analysis
`in Ultra- Violet Light
`oratory Handbook of Pulp and Paper Manufacture
`
`HACKH'S
`
`CHEMICAL
`DICTIONARY
`
`[American and British Usage]
`
`Containing the Words Generally Used in Chemistry,
`and Many of the Terms Used in the Related
`Sciences of Physics, Astrophysics, Mineralogy,
`Pharmacy, Agriculture, Biology,
`Medicine, Engineering, etc.
`
`Based on Recent Chemical Literature
`
`EDITION
`FOURTH
`Completely Revised and Edited by
`
`JULIUS GRANT
`
`M.SC., PH.D., F.R.I.e.
`
`CHEMICALCONSULTANT
`
`New York
`
`McGRAW -HILL BOOK COMPANY
`St. Louis
`San Francisco
`Dusseldorf
`
`Johannesburg
`
`Kuala Lumpur
`
`London
`
`Mexico
`
`Montreal
`
`New Delhi
`
`Panama
`
`Rio de Janeiro
`
`Singapore
`
`Sydney
`
`Toronto
`
`Page 1 of 3
`
`IP Bridge Exhibit 2006
`TSMC v. IP Bridge
`IPR2016-01249
`
`

`
`Inc.
`
`HACKH'S CHEMICAL DIC'l'IONARY
`Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill,
`All Rights Reserved.
`renewed 1972 by Julius Grant.
`Copyright
`.
`Copyright 1944, 1937, 1929 by M~Gl'a.w-Hill, Inc.
`All Rights Reserved.
`Printed in the United Sta.~es of Ar:nerICa.
`No part of this publication ma.;,:be reproduced,
`stored m a retrieval system,
`or transmitted, m any form or by any means,
`.
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`recording, or otherwise,
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`without
`Library
`of Oangtess Catalog G!!rd Number
`61-18'726
`07 -024064-7
`
`9 10 11 - MAMM - 8 4 3 2
`
`PREFACE
`
`The unprecedented advances in science in general and chemistry in particu
`the 25 years that have elapsed since the third edition of this Dictionary was,
`have created some .special problems in the preparation of this new edition.
`vances referred to have, of course, produced many new words, which have
`defined, Coping numerically with these is a problem in itself,
`though by
`an insuperable one. The author started "collecting" as soon as the manuscr
`third edition left hie hands; and although he does not presume to have recor-
`new word which has appeared, he feels fairly safe in claiming the inclueioi
`new words of a.ny importance.
`A Dictionary of this nature must define new
`even many obsolete terms (indicating, of course, that
`they are obsolete), and e
`the total number or words now defined, is nearly 55,000. Due attention- has,
`been given to the fact
`that
`the Dictionary is intended to include words fro:
`sciences, as well as from chemistry.
`Since new organic compounds are being recorded in the literature at the rata
`thousands a year,
`it
`is obvious that
`relatively few of them can be include
`Dictionary. With compounds of minor importance however, a "definicion"
`little more than a chemical formula and a list of a few physical properties, and
`easily obtainable from the chemical literature.
`An explanation of the policies adopted in dealing with some special pr(
`desirable. Often, a commonly accepted or abbreviated name for a chemical c,
`or preparation has, in the course of years, become a registered trade name j
`versa, Thus difficulties have occurred in the second and third editions of the D
`when a company has wished to register a trade name, because the question I
`whether the name is already accepted as a common description of the compo
`oerned, Since the Dictionary has been widely quoted as an authority in ar
`decisions of this nature,
`it should be made clear that
`the listing of a word
`chemical term does not necessarily mean that
`it has not been adopted as a tral
`and that
`there is no intention to use a term in a generic sense if it is in fact a trat
`IE
`In the present edition, product names have been given an initial capital
`described as trademarks when such information has been available. Other
`have been shown similarly and identified as proprietary
`or trade names wl
`information is known. The use of a general designation does not therefore exc
`possibility that a more specific designation may properly apply,
`It has alw:
`,the policy of the author not to mention by name individual companies owning (
`ated with trade-name
`entries, registered or otherwise, and this policy is still fell.
`
`Page 2 of 3
`
`

`
`m.I95-200
`dioxime,
`rclohexanone
`A reagent
`in water.
`ghtly soluble
`;. in 5 X lOS gives a purple-red
`color).
`CSH4COOMe
`152.06.
`Solbrol,
`oxybenzoate.
`An isomer of methyl
`.eeervatdve.
`~a = 180.18.
`p-hydroxy-
`Propyl
`rite powder;
`a preservative.
`3-
`C5HtoN'COOH
`129.09.
`oxylio
`acid. An isomer
`of hygric
`cids.
`name
`
`for
`
`a
`
`Japanese
`
`polyamide
`
`nent no. 43 (Ogawa); not verified.
`
`castings: Cr 64, Co
`lIoy for dental
`~,C 0.2 %, with traces of Si and AI.
`t-resistant,
`nonmagnetic,
`weldable
`ith N~ 12-15, Cu 5-7, Cr 1.5-4 %;
`nnealmg
`furnaces
`and in manifold
`iobile engines.
`'CH2CONH'CsH5 (OH)COOMe
`glycine
`methyl
`2-hydroxY-5-
`A cocaine
`alkaloid.
`Colorless
`soluble
`in water;
`a local anesthetic.
`~2N2 = 204.11.
`5,5-Phenylethyl-
`:ute
`powder;
`hypnotic.
`Cf.
`
`a
`
`an anti-
`nisin,
`lark of commercial
`of Streptococcus laotie:
`by strains
`.nd inhibits
`food spoilage bacteria:
`by Strepto-
`iide a.ntibiotic produced
`oermmted
`preservative
`for canned
`e). Cf. Reading unit.
`lHa602 = 356.29. A highly un-
`'om fish-liver oils.
`acid (d.1.42)
`of
`I~5 ml nitric
`alcohol.
`An etching
`reagent
`
`in
`for
`
`Chile- or cubic-
`.ssium nitrate.
`Norwegian- Calcium nitrate.
`spirit of- Spirit
`im chloride.
`of
`
`cake. Crude
`vygen. n.
`sodium
`19 some bisulfate
`and nitrate;
`a
`le manufacture
`of nitric
`acid by
`l.
`inter-
`nickel-titanium
`for
`lame
`.ds used in spacecraft
`construction
`y have high ductility
`and impac~
`temperatures.
`rk of a series of 'I'i-Ni alloys, used
`ools,
`no.
`at.
`element,
`he
`.topes
`radon, actinon,
`9).
`(2) Radon.
`3:602N 2 = 180.12. Nitro-acet-
`s crystals.
`ortho- m.92. meta-
`210.
`ion.
`H2NOa +, Nitriacidium
`for the
`~elieved to be responsible
`mie compounds
`by nitric
`acid
`mization equilibrium:
`2HNOa ~
`from the
`
`ferment
`ing bacterial
`sguminous plants.
`of steel
`3SS for
`the preparation
`ing by degreasing,
`pickling,
`and
`
`86, which
`and thoron
`
`in. fus~d potassium nitrate
`im~ersion
`. Blister
`formation
`IS thereby minimized.
`mtralloy. Cr-AI
`steels
`containing
`0.2-0.60/
`surface-hardened
`by nitridation.
`/0,
`Nitra~.. Tra~e name. for prills of ammonium nitrate
`. fertI~Izer, with a delIquescence-preventing
`additive.
`nitramide.
`NH2N02 = 62.1. Colorless
`crystals
`phenyl- CSH5NH·N02 = 138.1. Colorles~
`m.75.
`crystals, m.46, soluble in water.
`nitr~mid~s. A gro~p
`from
`derived
`?f compounds
`by the
`mtramide
`and ~Iffermg from nitramines
`presence
`ofaradlOal-COO-;
`as, N02'NH'COOR
`mtrocarbamic
`acid.
`nitramine.
`compound
`containi
`(I) An organic
`g
`the
`radical
`-NH·NO
`or
`-N·NO
`(2) P' n
`.
`. 2
`-
`2'
`lOry
`methyl
`n. An indicator,
`changing
`at pH 10.5
`from colorless
`(weakly alkaline)
`to brown (stron I
`118 1 Col 19Y
`diethyl- Et2N'NO
`alkaline).
`-
`or ess
`dimethyl- Me2N'N02 = 90.1.
`•
`•
`2 -
`Iiquid ,
`b.206.
`ethyl-
`Colorless crystals, m.58,
`soluble
`in water.
`iso-
`= 90.1. Colorless liquid, m.3.
`EtNH'N02
`A compound
`containing
`the radical
`-N-O-N·OH.
`L.___j
`phenyl- NHPh'N02 = 138.1. Colorless crystals
`phenyl methyl- MeNPh'~
`m.46, soluble in water.
`~02 = 152.2. Colorless
`crystals, m.39,
`soluble
`propyl- PrNH·N02•
`m water.
`Colorless
`liquid
`'
`b.140.
`n. acetic acid.
`nitramino.
`The radical N02NH-.
`= 120.2. A homolog
`of
`nitro-
`C2H404N2
`Colorless
`crystals, m.103,
`soluble
`in
`urethane.
`water
`(strongly acid).
`nitranilic acid. CSH20sN2 = 230.07. Dinitrodihy_
`?roxybenzoquinone,
`m.l00,
`decomp.
`170, soluble
`In water.
`nitraniIide.
`CSH5N:NO'OH = 138.1.
`Diazoben-
`Phenylisonitramine.
`An isomer
`of
`zene
`acid.
`phenyl nitramine.
`Colorless crystals, m.46, soluble
`In water.
`ortho-
`nitraniIine. NH2·CsH4·N02 = 138.1.
`or
`1,2- Colorless
`in water.
`needles, m.71,
`soluble
`~eta- or 1,3- Yellow needles, m.114, slightly soluble
`para- or 1,4- Yellow needles, m.146,
`m wat~r.
`sol~ble. m water.
`All used in organic synthesis
`and
`di- See dinitro-
`as mdlOators
`for
`strong
`acids.
`aniline.
`nitraniIines. Compounds
`by
`from benzene
`derived
`the substitution
`of 2 or more H atoms by one or
`~ore NH2-:-:- and N02-
`radicals.
`The higher-
`. nitrated
`anilines are powerful explosives.
`mtrate ", ~1) A salt
`of nitric
`acid,
`or compound
`co~tammg
`the
`radical
`-NOa•
`(2) Nitration.
`~. Ion. The ~~a
`ion, ?olorless,
`and forming no
`-
`n. of
`I?soluble
`precipibatas WIth metallic
`ions.
`hme. Calcium n.
`n. of potash.
`Potassium n.
`n. ?f soda. Sodium n.
`n. of soda-potash- A crude
`C~Ilean saltpeter:
`sodium nitrate
`75, potassium
`mtrate
`25 %; a fertilizer.
`nitr~te.d. Describing
`an
`tammg the -N02
`group.
`nitratine. A mineral
`form of sodium nitrate.
`nitration.
`~he introduction
`of the N02 group into
`a~ organic
`compound,
`usually
`by means
`of a
`of sulfuric and nitric acids.
`mixture
`nitrato-
`compound
`Prefix
`indicating
`an
`organic
`Cf. nitrito-.
`. containing
`the radical-0·N02.
`nltrator. A vessel,
`usually
`double-jacketed,
`
`at 5000C
`.
`
`C
`
`'
`
`l
`
`"
`
`organic
`
`compound
`
`con-
`
`with
`
`456
`
`NITRATOR
`
`NITRAZINE
`
`PAPER
`
`457
`
`NITROBENZALDEHYDE
`
`device, used
`
`n. hydrate.
`
`or cooling coils and stirring
`heating
`for nitration.
`Nitrazine Paper. Trademark
`paper,
`filter
`a
`for
`impregnated with sodium dinitrophenyl
`azonaph-
`thol
`disulfonate;
`used
`to indicate
`pH values:
`yellow 4.5, olive green 6.2, blue 7.0. N. yellow.
`An indicator
`dye
`(pH 6.5: yellow-acid
`to blue-
`green-alkaline)
`.
`nitre. Niter.
`n. air.
`See oxygen.
`nitrenes. Compounds
`of
`the
`type R2C: NR: CR2.
`nitriacidium ion. Nitracidum ion.
`nitric
`acid. HNOa
`liquid,
`63.02. Colorless
`used
`b.86,
`doo1.53, m.-40.3,
`soluble
`in water;
`extensively
`as its aqueous
`solutions:
`(I) Fuming:
`86% HNOa with some N204.
`Brown-red
`fuming
`liquid, d.1.48-1.5;
`an energetic
`oxidizing agent
`in
`chemical analysis and synthesis.
`(2) Concentrated:
`Aqua
`fortis,
`azotic
`65 % HNOs'
`acid.
`Faintly
`yellow liquid, d.1.40-1.42.
`Used as a solvent
`for
`metals
`and an oxidizing
`agent;
`in etching
`and
`many chemical operations;
`'and to nitrate
`organic
`compounds.
`(3)
`32-34% HNOs'
`d.1.20.
`(4)
`Dilute:
`10% HNOs'
`Colorless
`liquid,
`d.1.06;
`a
`chloro-
`reagent,
`solvent,
`and
`acidifying
`agent.
`per- HN04.
`See chloro-,
`An acid
`of doubtful
`existence.
`n. anhydride. Nitrogen pentoxide.
`HNOs + 32 % H20.
`d15•501.414, b.I21.
`nitric ether.
`Ethyl nitrate.
`nitric oxide. NO = 30.0. N 202 = 60.0. Nitrogen
`dioxide.
`Colorless
`gas,
`dair=11.0366,
`bv-- 153,
`soluble in water.
`Formed in the electric arc from
`air; oxidizes readily to nitrogen peroxide.
`nitridation.
`by
`(1) Formation
`of metallic
`nitrides
`heating metals
`in nitrogen
`to increase
`hardness.
`Cf. nitration.
`(2) De-electronation
`in the ammonia
`system,
`analogous
`to
`oxidation
`in
`the water
`Cf. nitridizing agent.
`system.
`nitride. A binary compound of nitrogen and a metal.
`The
`alkali
`and earth-alkali
`nitrides
`are
`readily
`hydrolyzed: MgaN2+ 6H20 = 3Mg(OH)2+
`2NHa.
`nitridizing
`agent. A substance'
`that
`furnishes
`nitrogen
`or causes
`an exchange
`of electrons
`in
`liquid
`ammonia;
`as, hydrazoic
`acid
`(ammono-
`nitric acid), HNa; analogous
`to nitric acid, HNOs'
`as oxidizing agent.
`nitrifiable. Descibing a nitrogen compound that can
`be transformed
`into nitrates
`by soil bacteria.
`nitrification. Oxidation
`of the nitrogen in ammonia
`to nitrous
`and nitric acid or salts .
`nitrifiers.
`Soil bacteria which oxidize ammonia
`its derivatives
`to nitrites
`(as nitromonas)
`nitrates
`(as nitrobacter).
`nitrifying.
`To cause the oxidation
`atmospheric
`nitrogentonitrites
`by n. bacteria
`and n. catalysts.
`nitrilase. A catalase
`that
`converts
`cyanohydrins,
`R·CHOH·CN.
`nitrile. A cyanide
`prepared
`from an acid amide,
`- H20 = R·CN; on hydrolysis
`R·CONH2
`they
`yield the corresponding
`acid and evolve ammonia.
`n. group. The negative ==N from ammonia
`after
`n. rubber.
`substitution
`of its 3 H atoms.
`q. v.
`nitriles. Cyanides.
`Organic
`compounds
`containing
`acid- Nitrile. A name indicating
`the radical-CN.
`the relation ofn. with the -COOH group:
`-C(:
`0)·-
`basic- NRs.
`~ -C:N.
`OH ~ -C(:0)'NH2
`A
`'tertiary
`amine having 3 different C atoms attached
`
`and
`or
`to
`
`of .ammonia
`and nitrates,
`
`or
`e.g.,
`
`aldehydes
`
`to
`
`°
`
`triple-bond
`
`nitrogen
`
`name
`
`for a polyacrylonitrile
`
`syn-
`
`di- Dioyanide. A compound
`same N.
`to the
`radicals. mono- A compound
`containing
`2 -CN
`containing
`one -CN radical.
`nitrilo-
`Prefix
`indicating
`a
`atom, ==N .
`Nitrilon. Trade
`thetic fiber.
`nitrine. N a = 42.02. A hypothetical
`allotropic
`form of nitrogen
`analogous
`to ozone, Os'
`See
`active nitrogen.
`nitrite. A salt
`compound
`or a
`acid,
`of nitrous
`inorganic
`The
`-N02.
`radical
`containing
`the
`are all insoluble,
`except
`nitrites
`of the type MN02
`the alkali nitrites.
`The organic nitrites
`or nitrito
`compounds may
`be isomeric,
`but
`not
`identical
`with the corresponding
`nitro compounds.
`nitrito- Describing an organic compound containing
`n. cobalomin.
`the radical-O·N:O
`(oxynitroso).
`The vitamin produced by replacing
`Vitamin Bl2e.
`the -CN group of vitamin Bl2 by a -N02
`group.
`nitro-
`(I) A prefix which denotes
`the presence
`of
`
`the radical-N02
`
`or -N(O'
`
`Nitro compounds
`
`from the
`are usually yellowish in color, and differ
`less
`stable,
`isomeric
`nitrito
`compounds.
`Cf.
`nitroxyl,
`nitrite,
`nitrito.
`(2) A misnomer
`for
`aei-
`nitrate;
`as, nitroglycerin
`(glyceryl
`nitrate).
`radical HOON =.
`iso- See iso-
`Isonitro-.
`The
`nitro-.
`nitroacid. A compound
`both the radicals
`containing
`nitro-
`as: N02'CH2'COOH,
`-COOH
`and -N02;
`nitropropionic
`acetic
`acid; N02'CH2'CH2'COOH,
`acid.
`nitroalizarin. C14H502(OH)2N02 = 285.1.
`<X- or
`[3-
`4,1,2- Yellow crystals,
`or
`decomp.
`290.
`3,1,2- Alizarin
`crystals,
`orange.
`Orange-yellow
`soluble
`in
`decomp.
`244, slightly
`soluble in water,
`alcohol;
`used as dye, and as an intermediate
`in
`organic synthesis.
`nitroamine. Nitramine.
`CSH4(OMe)N02 = 153.1.
`ortho-
`nitroanisole.
`I-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene.
`Yellow liquid, d.1.268.
`m.9, b.265. meta- m.38, b.258.
`para- Colorless
`or yellowish plates, d.1.233, m.54, b.258.
`Insoluble
`in water,
`soluble in alcohol or ether.
`C14H9N02 = 223.2. Nitroso-
`nitroanth'racene.
`anthrone.
`Yellow needles, m.146,
`insoluble
`in
`water,
`soluble in benzene or chloroform.
`nitroanthraquinone.
`CSH4(CO)2CsHaN02 = 253.1.
`Ctoo or 1- Yellow needles, m.228,
`subliming when
`heated,
`insoluble
`in water,
`soluble
`in alcohol
`or
`[3- or 2- Yellow needles, m.184, subliming
`ether.
`when heated,
`insoluble
`in water,
`soluble in alcohol
`or ether.
`n. sulfonic acid. A reagent
`for sugars.
`Nitrobacter. A soil
`or
`other micro-
`bacterium
`organism that oxidizes ammonia and its derivatives,
`or
`atmospheric
`nitrogen,
`to
`nitrites
`or
`ni-
`trates.'
`nitrobacteria.
`Soil bacteria;
`sococcus, or Nitrosomonas.
`nitrobarite.
`barium nitrate.
`A native
`Ba(NOa)2'
`nitro benzaldehyde.
`CSH4(N02)CHO = 151.1.
`ortho- Yellow needles, m.44,
`slightly
`soluble
`in
`water. meta- Colorless
`para-
`needles,
`m.58.
`Colorless prisms, m.l06,
`soluble in water;
`used in
`indigo synthesis.
`
`as, Nitrobacter,
`
`Nitro-
`
`Page 3 of 3