HACKH'S
`
`CHEMICAL
`DICTIONARY
`
`[American and British Usage]
`
`Containing the Words Generally Used in Chemistry,
`and Many of the Terms Used in the Related
`Sciences of Physics, Astrophysics, Mineralogy,
`Pharmacy, Agriculture, Biology,
`Medicine, Engineering, etc.
`
`Based on Recent Chemical Literature
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`Completely Revised and Edited by
`
`JULIUS GRANT
`
`M.SC., PH.D., F.R.I.C.
`
`CHEMICAL CONSULTANT
`
`McGRAW -HILL BOOK COMPANY
`Johannesburg
`St. Louis
`San Francisco
`Dusseldorf
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`
`cture
`
`Page 1 of 3
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`Inc.
`
`CHEMICAL DICTIONARY
`HACKH'S
`Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hili,
`All Rights Reserved.
`renewed 1972 by Julius Grant.
`Copyright
`Copyright 1944, 1937, 1929 by McGraw-Hili,
`Inc.
`All Rights Reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America.
`No part of this publication may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval
`system,
`or transmitted,
`in any form or by any means,
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`recording, or otherwise,
`without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`Librarq oj Conqress Catalog Card Number 61-18726
`07-024064-7
`
`9 10 11 - MAMM - 8 4 3 2
`
`Page 2 of 3
`
`

`

`SOLANACE,A}J
`
`SOLANDRINE
`
`623
`
`SOLUBILITY
`
`sand, used for fumigation
`ochlonc
`acid
`to liberat
`
`by drop in
`h d p g
`e
`y rogen
`
`in a ga
`
`of a solid phase
`
`spersion
`seous
`)ke.
`the weathere
`ce layer of the earth;
`d
`decom
`rock
`fragments
`with
`'11-
`POsed
`animal matter
`1 000
`IOn hee
`.
`f
`,
`rrn
`o the world are used for agrIculture-
`
`SOILS
`
`Sand
`
`Clay
`
`Type
`
`Flying sand
`Loose sand
`Clay sand
`
`Sandy loam
`Mild loam
`Strong loam
`
`Mild clay
`clay
`common
`Strong clay
`
`0
`10
`20
`
`30
`40
`55
`
`65
`75
`90
`
`20-50
`50-75
`
`Loamy soil
`Clayey soil
`
`Sandy soil
`Calcareous
`Lime soil
`
`soil
`
`lO-100
`
`;0-50
`
`0-30
`
`;-50
`)-25
`
`)-80
`,ittle
`,ittle
`
`Particles, mm diameter
`
`Over 2
`0_2-2.0
`0.02-0_20
`0.002-0_02
`Below 0.002
`
`:1.
`A
`s. amendment.
`See table.
`it other
`than by
`to Improve
`·0 s.
`e.g.,
`sand
`added
`to
`prevent
`s. bacteria.
`Protophyta
`that
`,.
`the ammonification
`and nitrifica_
`e.g., Baeillu8 myeoides.
`)mpounds,
`robacter,
`s. horizon.
`Layers of a
`have become
`differentiated
`as a
`;'8 occurring
`in the
`s. mass.
`s
`""eehanies.
`s. profile.
`A sectio~
`re layers
`produced
`at different
`s
`gical
`or
`other
`causes.
`Cf.
`e.
`Pedology.
`The study of th~
`r,
`
`(2) The liquid phase of
`solution,
`(3) Abbreviation
`for soluble.
`1.
`ystem III which the surrounding
`., fog.
`collo- Collosol.
`electro-
`- A colloidal
`suspension
`in a
`See gel.
`sulfo- See sulfosol:
`lade
`family.
`Herbs
`or
`shrubs
`. ofte:, poisonous
`foliage,
`and a
`ltammg
`alkaloids;
`e.g.,
`roots:
`Datura
`z,
`atropine;
`leaves:
`
`;
`
`from Solandra
`
`lads.
`
`It
`
`alcohol
`
`from
`
`in
`cause
`
`Fabiana
`stramonium,
`branches:
`stramonium;
`Caps-icum [rutescens
`imbricata.,
`pichi;
`fruits:
`pepper.
`S.
`alkaloids.
`The
`alkaloids
`cayenne
`from various
`species of So; as: atropine,
`obtained
`lyeine,
`solandrine,
`hyoscyamine,
`belladoniue,
`Cf.
`solanine.
`An alkaloid
`solandrine.
`hyoscine.
`resembles
`solanellic
`C.aHa.012 = 502.2. A hexabasic
`acid.
`acid from oxidation
`of bile acids.
`solanesol,
`A long-chain
`isoprenoid
`tobacco.
`C2,H.aOaN = 397.4. A decomposition
`solanidine
`of
`solanine.
`Colorless
`crystals, m.208,
`product
`in alcohol.
`soluble
`C.,H,aOIsN = 867.7. A glycoside
`from
`solanin.
`Solanum nigrum,
`Color-
`potato
`and other species.
`less microcrystals, m.2S0, soluble in water; a nerve
`sedative.
`C,.H910'8N = 1017.7. An
`alkaloid
`solanine.
`Solanaceae,
`decomp.
`254.
`Potato s, can
`poisoning.
`Licopene.
`solanorubin.
`Solan-
`family
`of the
`Herbs
`and shrubs
`Solanum.
`S.
`potatoes.
`and
`includes
`-nightshades
`aceae;
`carolinense.
`Solanum, horse nettle, poison potato,
`sand brier, bull nettle.
`Air-dry ripe fruits
`(South-
`S. dulcamara.
`ern States);
`a sedative.
`Bitter-
`S. grandiflora. S. yielding
`sweet.
`grandiflorine,
`q.v.
`insidiosum.
`Jurubeba.
`The root
`(Bra-
`S.
`S. melongena.
`zil)
`is a stomachic
`and diuretic.
`nigrum,
`Eggplant.
`S.
`The
`common
`garden
`nightshade.
`S.
`tomatillo.
`S.
`yielding
`natrine,
`S. tuberosum.
`q.v,
`The common potato.
`= 892.93.
`Sulfet-
`so!apson(e).
`C30H280,.N.S,Na.
`rone. White,
`amorphous
`powder,
`soluble
`in
`water;
`a bacteriostatic
`(B.P.).
`1.932
`s. constant.
`solar.
`Pertaining
`to the
`sun.
`small
`calories:
`the amount
`of s. energy falling at
`normal
`incidence per square centimeter
`per minute
`on a body at the earth's mean distance from the sun.
`S. pan,
`s. pond.
`Flat
`areas
`surrounded
`by low
`dykes
`in which
`seawater
`is evaporated
`for
`salt.
`See radiation.
`s. radiation.
`s. rays.
`The visible
`and invisible
`radiations
`of the
`sun.
`s. salt.
`See
`salt.
`s. spectrnm.
`The spectrum produced when
`sunlight
`is refracted
`by a prism or grating;
`char-
`acterized
`by
`Fraunhofer
`lines.
`s.
`year.
`The
`ordinary
`year.
`of silver
`solargentum.
`A compound
`Black granules;
`used medicinally.
`solarization.
`(1) Exposure
`to the sun; as in acceler-
`irradiation.
`ated
`aging.
`Of.
`(2) A decrease
`in
`starch
`content
`following
`long exposure
`of plant
`leaves
`to light.
`(3) The partial
`inversion
`of a
`photographic
`negative
`into a positive by exposure
`to light
`during
`development;
`used to enhance
`shading
`effects.
`solate.
`A liquefied gel.
`solation.
`Liquefaction
`gelation.
`Nipagin.
`solbrol.
`to
`used
`or alloy
`A fusing metal
`Braze.
`solder.
`less
`fusible metals.
`surfaces
`of
`adjacent
`unite
`copper- An alloy: Sn 5, Pb 2 pts.,
`brass- Copper s.
`as flux.
`fine- Soft s.
`fusible-
`with zinc chloride
`An alloy of Pb, Sn, and Bi, which melts in water;
`used in fire-spray
`extinguishers.
`gold- An alloy:
`
`and
`
`gelatin.
`
`of
`
`a gel;
`
`the
`
`reverse
`
`of
`
`A volcanic
`
`vent
`
`from which
`
`sulfur
`
`is
`
`hard- A high-melting-point
`Au 10, Ag 6, Cu 4 pts.
`e.g., Cu +
`alloy used as S.;
`it fuses at
`red heat:
`ZII + Ag.
`lead- An alloy of equal parts of Pb and
`plumber's- An alloy
`Sn , used for soldering
`lead.
`usually
`containing
`approx. Pb 65, Sn 30%, with
`some Sb.
`seifert- A s. for aluminum,
`containing
`silver- See silver.
`Sn 73, Zn 21, Pb 5 %.
`soft- A s.
`as, Sn + Pb:
`lead 8.,
`that
`fuses below red heat;
`fus-ible s,
`zinc- An alloy: Sn 5, Pb 3 pts.
`soldering.
`(I) Uniting metallic
`pieces by heat with
`(2)
`or without
`an alloy (solder) and flux (borax).
`In commerce,
`soft
`(as distinct
`from hard)
`solders.
`from brazing
`and fusion welding,
`S. differs
`q.v.
`autogenous- Uniting metal surfaces by interfusion.
`without
`a more
`fusible
`alloy.
`fusing-
`uniting
`metal surfaces by filling all intervening
`space with a
`completely
`fused solder.
`sweating- S. in which the
`solder
`is heated near its melting point and adheres.
`solenhofen
`stone.
`A fine-grained,
`porous
`limestone;
`contains
`clay.
`A hollow cylinder, wound with
`solenoid.
`Selenoid.
`resistance wire, used to produce
`fields of electric
`force.
`solfatara.
`obtained.
`Fuchsin.
`solferino.
`and rela-
`shape,
`of definite
`solid.
`(I) A substance
`low internal heat content,
`and
`tively great density,
`It may
`its molecules.
`be
`great
`cohesion
`of
`(as crystals
`homogeneous
`and solid solutions);
`or
`heterogeneous
`(as amorphous
`and colloidal
`sub-
`s.
`stances).
`solution.
`(I)
`Sosoloid.
`A homo-
`(2) As.
`geneous, s. mixture of substance;
`as, glass.
`solution of a solid,
`liquid, or gas in a solid.
`of Solidago
`solidago.
`Goldenrod.
`The dried
`herb
`odora
`(Compositae);
`a
`diaphoretic,
`stimulant,
`carminative,
`and diuretic.
`solidify.
`To change into the solid state.
`solidifying point.
`Freezing point.
`diagram
`solidus.
`In
`a
`temperature-concentration
`for both solid and liquid solutions whose concentra-
`tions differ,
`the s. curve relates
`to the solid phase
`and the liquidus
`Cf. diagram.
`to the liquid phase.
`soliquoid.
`Suspension.
`A dispersed
`system of
`solid phase in a liquid phase.
`soln, Abbreviation
`for solution.
`solodization.
`Dealkalization.
`from soils by degradation.
`The dried herb of
`Solomon's
`seal.
`Polygonaturn.
`Polygonatum officinale (Liliaoeae): an astringent
`and
`antirheumatic.
`Solozone.
`Trademark
`peroxide.
`(solute)
`to which a substance
`The extent
`solubility.
`a homo-
`mixes with a liquid (solvent)
`to produce
`The total
`geneous
`system (solution).
`apparent-
`amount
`of the nonionized and ionized portions of a
`substance
`dissolved
`ill a liquid.
`degree of- The
`concentration
`of a saturated
`solution
`at a given
`temperature.
`S. generally
`increases with increase
`81M, where
`s
`in
`temperature.
`molar-
`is
`the
`and M the molecular
`number
`of grams per
`liter,
`weight.
`real- The amount of nonionized solute in a
`liquid.
`A graph
`s. curve.
`amount
`of dissolved
`solution
`against
`the
`
`a
`
`Removal
`
`of
`
`alkali
`
`for
`
`a
`
`brand
`
`of
`
`hydrogen
`
`obtained
`substance
`temperature.
`
`the
`by plotting
`in a
`saturated
`s.
`exponent.
`
`Page 3 of 3
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