Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 1 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126—ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 1 of 39
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`EXHIBIT F
`EXHIBIT F
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 2 of 39
`Case 6=2°'CV'°°126'ADA D""‘J'TlilllIIIMIllillllilllllllllfllfillllllllillllfillllllfllfilll||||||||
`
`USOO969127532
`
`(12)
`
`United States Patent
`US 9,691,275 32
`(10) Patent No.:
`Dannat et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Jun. 27, 2017
`
`(54)
`
`(71)
`
`(72)
`
`ADJUSTING VEHICLE TIMING IN A
`TRANSPORTATION NET‘VORK
`
`Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
`MACHINES CORPORATION.
`Arinonk. NY (US)
`
`Inventors: Tobias Ephraim Dannat, Zurich (CH);
`Andreas Kuehmiehel. Mainz (DIE);
`'l'im Seheideler. Ilelsinki (1’1):
`Matthias Seul. Kassel (DE); Thomas
`Allen Snellgrove. Littleton. MA (US)
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee:
`
`International Business Machines
`
`Corporation. Annonk. NY (US)
`
`t“)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer. the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.(T. [5401) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 140934.684
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Nov. 6, 2015
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`8.8253 50 B1 “
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`340.5909
`4.-"2008 Myr ......................... 6086 1.504
`340f909
`Ilallstcin ............... 6061’ 9.55011
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`.................. 6086 [50962
`3405905
`
`1 11-2010 Mundi ngcr et al.
`852012 Reilhac ............ 6086 1:096? 16
`201.5] I?
`5.-"2013 Kickbllsch .......... B61L 21-00 16
`201-“l IS
`
`2013-“0158846 AI
`2014.-"(H125294 Al
`
`6-“20 I 3 Zhrmg
`1.-"2014 Boss ct al.
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`W0
`W0
`
`“(0200206784 1 A2
`“(02014026956 A1
`
`6x200?Ir
`2.32014
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(65)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 201710132914 Al
`
`May 11,2017
`
`Int. Cl.
`G080 1/00
`B60K 3514.10
`U.S. Cl.
`(fl-‘C ............... G08G U00 (2013.01): [36th 35/00
`(2013.01)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`Field of Classification Search
`CPC .......... 6086 1100; 6086 9100: 6086 110962:
`6086 1(0116: 6086 11096716: 6086
`1104; B611. 27(0016: 606Q 1010631];
`60615 916011
`
`Panha Chakroborry; Optimal Routing and Scheduling in 'l'ranspor-
`tation: Using Genetic Algorithm to Solve Dilficult Optimization
`Problems; 2004.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primarv Examiner — Yuri Kart
`Daniel R. Simek; George
`(74) Attornev, Agent. or 1'"er3
`S. Blasiak; IIeslin. Rollienberg, Farley & Mcsili. PC
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Methods. computer program products. and systems are
`presented. The methods include,
`for instance: obtaining
`passenger information of one or more passenger traveling
`within a transportation network: and providing one or more
`output based on a processing of the passenger information.
`
`See application lile for complete search history.
`
`18 Claims. 22 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 3 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 3 of 39
`
`US 9,691,275 B2
` Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`201410136025 Al *
`201550262101 Al“
`
`5.9014 Cooper .................... (5086 9100
`952015 Aoki
`................ UUGQ 10111603111
`7053'7.l3
`
`OT] lIER PlJl-3l.l(_‘A'l‘1()NS
`
`Gunjal Sunil N. . Joshi Ajinkya V. . Gosavi Swapnil C. . Kshimagar
`Vyzmklesh 3.; Dynamic Bus Timetable Using GPS; international
`Journal 01‘ Advanced Research in Compuler Engineering 8: Tech—
`nology (IJARC 151'); vol. 3 Issue 3. Mar. 2014.
`SR. Suhramanya; Adaplive Bus Ronling Heurislies 1hr improving
`Vehicle Utilization and Reducing Conn-miter Waiting Times; Inter-
`nalional Journal of Innovative ReseaIch in Compuler and Commu—
`nication Engineering; vol. 2. Issue 5. May 2014.
`Mel. Peter; Grance. 'l'imodly; 'l'he NIS'I' Definition of Cloud Com-
`puting; NlS'l' Special Publication 800-145.: Sep. 2011.
`TH. Dannal. el al. “Lisl of IBM Palenls and-’or Patent Applicalions
`Treated as Relaled.” US. Appl. No.
`|5-"582.909. filed May I. 2017
`. Dated: May I. 201?.
`TE. Dannal. el al. “Adjusting Vehicle Timing in a Transportation
`Nelwork.” US. App]. No. [51581909, filed Ma),r l. ZUIT.
`
`‘1‘ cilod by examiner
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 4 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 4 of 39
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 27,2017
`
`Sheet 1 of 22
`
`US 9,691,275 32
`
`FIG.1
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 5 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 5 of 39
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 27, 2017
`
`Sheet 2 of 22
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`US 9,691,275 82
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 6 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 6 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 7 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 7 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 8 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 8 of 39
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 27,2017
`
`Sheet 5 of 22
`
`US 9,691,275 82
`
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`

`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 9 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 9 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 10 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 10 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
`
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`US 9,691,275 32
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 11 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 12 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 12 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 13 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 13 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27, 2017
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 14 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 15 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`US 9,691,275 82
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 16 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 16 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 17 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 17 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`US 9,691,275 82
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 18 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 18 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 19 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 19 of 39
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`Sheet 16 0f 22
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`US 9,691,275 32
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 20 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 20 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 21 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 21 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 22 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 24 of 39
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 25 of 39
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`Jun. 27,2017
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`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 26 of 39
`Case 6:20-cv-00126-ADA Document 1-6 Filed 02/18/20 Page 26 of 39
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`US 9,691,275 32
`
`1
`ADJUSTING VEHICLE TIMING IN A
`TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present disclosure relates to a transportation network
`and particularly to adjusting vehicle departure times in a
`transportation network.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Transportation networks can incltlde a variety of different
`types of transportation vehicles. Transportation networks
`can be provided e.g.. by train transportation networks; bus
`transportation networks and plane transportation networks.
`A transportation network can include transportation lilies
`and stations, e.g. one or more of non-interchange stations or
`interchange stations. There is often published a baseline
`transportation timetable for a transportation network. A
`baseline transportation timetable can specify departure times
`for vehicles in a transportation network.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome; and
`additional advantages are provided. through the provision; in
`one aspect, of a method. The method can include,
`for
`example: obtaining passenger information of one or more
`passenger traveling within a transportation network. wherein
`the passenger information includes passenger location infor—
`mation; and providing one or more output based on a
`processing of the passenger infomlation.
`In another aspect, a computer program product can be
`provided. The colnputer program product can include a
`computer readable storage medium readable by one or more
`processor and storing instructions for execution by the one
`or more processor for performing a method. The method can
`include, for example: obtaining passenger information of
`one or more passenger traveling within a transportation
`network. wherein the passenger information includes pas—
`senger location information; and providing one or more
`output based on a processing of the passenger information.
`In a further aspect, a system can be provided. The system
`can include, for example a memory. In addition. the system
`can include one or more processor in communication with
`the memory. Further.
`the system can include program
`instructions executable by the one or more processor via the
`memory to perform a method. The method can include, for
`example: obtaining passenger information of one or more
`passenger traveling within a transportation network, wherein
`the passenger information includes passenger local ion infor-
`mation; and providing one or more output based on a
`processing of the passenger information.
`Additional features and advantages are realized through
`the techniques set
`forth herein. Other embodiments and
`aspects are described in detail herein and are considered a
`part of the claimed invention.
`
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`One or more aspects of the present invention are particu-
`larly pointed out and distinctly claimed as examples in the
`claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing
`and other objects. features. and advantages of the invention
`are apparent from the following detailed description taken in
`conjtmclion with the accompanying drawings in which:
`
`2
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`FIG. 1 depicts a cloud computing environment according
`to an embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 2 depicts abstraction model layers according to an
`embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 3 depicts a hardware overview ofa computing node,
`in accordance with an embodiment as Set forth herein;
`FIG. 4A is a block diagram of a system in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 4B is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 4C is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 41) is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 4E is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 4]" is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 4G is diagram of a computing node in accordance
`with an embodiment herein;
`FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accor—
`dance with an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a transportation network
`in accordance with an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a section ofa transporta—
`tion network in accordance with an embodiment as set forth
`herein;
`FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a section ofa transporta-
`tion network in accordance with an embodiment as set forth
`herein;
`FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a passenger flow at a
`station of a transportation network in accordance with an
`embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 10 is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with an
`embodiment as set forth herein:
`
`FIG. 11A is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with an
`embodiment as set forth herein;
`I-‘IG.
`lll3 is a diagram illustrating passenger [low in
`accordance with an embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 12A is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 1213 is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 13 is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with an
`embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating passenger volume in
`accordance with an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 15 is a timetable in accordance with an embodiment
`as set forth herein:
`FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a section of a transpor—
`tation network in accordance with an embodiment as set
`forth herein:
`FIG. 17A is a timetable in accordance with an embodi—
`ment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 1713 is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 17C is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 17D is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`I-‘IG. 18A is a timetable in accordance with an embodi-
`ment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 18B is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 18C is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
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`3
`FIG. 18]) is a passenger tIow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 19A is a timetable in accordance with an embodi—
`ment as set forth herein:
`FIG. 1913 is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 19C is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein:
`
`FIG. 19D is a passenger flow matrix in accordance with
`an embodiment as set forth herein;
`FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating determining of a prema-
`ture departure in accordance with an embodiment as set
`forth herein;
`FIG. 21 is a flow diagram illustrating a method in accor—
`dance with an embodiment as set forth herein.
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`DIi’I'AIIliI) DESCRIPTION
`
`Aspects of the present disclosure and certain features.
`advantages. and details thereof. are explained more fully
`below with reference to the non—limiting examples illus—
`trated in the accompanying drawings. Descriptions of well-
`known lnaterials, fabrication tools. processing techniques.
`etc.. are omitted so as not
`to unnecessarily obscure the
`disclosure in detail. It should be understood, however. that
`the detailed description and the specific examples. while
`indicating aspects of the invention, are given by way of
`illustration only. and not by way of limitation. Various
`substitutions. modifications. additions. andfor arrangements.
`within the spirit andfor scope of the underlying inventive
`concepts will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this
`disclosure.
`The present disclosure provides, in pan. methods. coin-
`puter program products. and systems for adjusting vehicle
`timing in a transportation network.
`Advantageously. the techniques disclosed herein allow for
`optimization of vehicle andt'or passenger flow in a transpor-
`tation network. Iimbodiments herein recognize that vehicle
`andJor passenger flow is ofien not optimized in a transpor—
`tation network. Techniques herein can be useful e.g.
`in
`reducing a ctunulative wait time of passengers of a trails-
`por1ation network. 'I‘ectmiques set forth herein can be useful
`e.g.
`in determining unwanted passenger congestion in a
`transportation network and in relieving unwanted passenger
`congestion in a transportation network. In one embodiment
`passenger congestion can be addressed contemporantxmsly
`with detemiining of a current congestion condition.
`It is understood in advance that although this disclosure
`includes a detailed description on cloud computing. imple—
`mentation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to
`a cloud computing environment. Rather. embodiments of the
`present
`invention are capable of being implemented in
`conjunction with any other type of computing environment
`now known or later developed.
`Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for
`enabling convenient. on-demand network access to a shared
`pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks.
`network bandwidth. servers. processing, memory. storage.
`applications. virtual machines. and services) that can be
`rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
`effort or interaction with a provider ofthe service. This cloud
`model may include at least five characteristics. at least three
`service models, and at least four deployment models.
`Characteristics are as follows:
`()n-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilater-
`ally provision computing capabilities, such as server time
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`and network storage. as needed automatically without
`requiring human interaction with the service’s provider.
`Broad network access: capabilities are available over a
`network and accessed through standard mechanisms that
`prolnote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms
`(e.g.. mobile phones, laptops. and PDAS).
`Resource pooling: the provider’s computing resources are
`pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi—tenant
`model. with difi'erent physical and virtual resources dynami—
`cally assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is
`a sense of location independence in that
`the consumer
`generally has no control or knowledge over the exact
`location of the provided resources but may be able to specify
`location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g.. country. state.
`or datacenter).
`Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically
`provisioned, in some cases automatically. to quickly scale
`out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer,
`the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
`unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
`Measured service: cloud systems automatically control
`and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capa-
`bility at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of
`service (e.g.. storage. processing, bandwidth, and active user
`accounts). Resource usage can be monitored. controlled. and
`reported providing transparency for both the provider and
`consm'ner of the utilized service.
`Service Models are as follows:
`Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to
`the consumer is to use the provider’s applications rumiing on
`a cloud infrastnlcture. The applications are accessible from
`various client devices through a thin client interface such as
`a web browser (e.g.. Web-based e-mail). The consumer does
`not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure
`including network. servers. operating systems. storage. or
`even individual application capabilities. with the possible
`exception of limited user-specific application configuration
`settings.
`Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to
`the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure
`consimier—created or acquired applications created using
`prograiruning languages and tools supported by the provider.
`The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
`cloud infrastructure including networks. servers. operating
`systems, or storage. but has control over the deployed
`applications and possibly application hosting environment
`configurations.
`Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided
`to the consumer is to provision processing. storage. net—
`works. and other fundamental computing resources where
`the consumer is able to deploy and l'lll'l arbitrary software.
`which can include operating systems and applications. The
`consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
`infrastructure but has control over operating systems. stor—
`age. deployed applications. and possibly limited control of
`select networking components (e.g.. host firewalls).
`Deployment Models are as follows:
`Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely
`for an organization. It may be managed by the organization
`or a third party and may exist tin-premises or elf-premises.
`Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by
`several organizations and supports a specific community that
`has shared concerns (e.g.. mission. security requirements.
`policy. and compliance considerations). It may be managed
`by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-
`premises or olf-premises.
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`Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to
`the general public or a large industry group and is owned by
`an organization selling cloud services.
`Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of
`two or more clouds (private. community. or public) that
`remain unique entities but are bound together by standard-
`ized or proprietary technology that enables data and appli—
`cation portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load—balancing
`between clouds).
`A cloud computing environment is service oriented with
`a focus on statelessness,
`low coupling, modularity, and
`semantic interoperability. At the heart ofcloud computing is
`an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected
`nodes.
`illustrative cloud computing
`Referring now to FIG. I.
`environment 50 is depicted. As shown, cloud computing
`environment 50 comprises one or more cloud computing
`nodes 10 with which local computing devices used by cloud
`consumers, such as, for example. personal digital assistant
`(PDA) or cellular telephone 54A. desktop computer S4I3.
`laptop computer 54C, andfor automobile computer system
`54N may conmtunicate. Nodes 10 may communicate with
`one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or
`virtually.
`in one or more networks, such as Private, ('om-
`munity. Public. or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove.
`or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing
`environment 50 to offer infrastructure, platforms andfor
`software as services for which a cloud consumer does not
`need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It
`is understood that the types of computing devices 54A—N
`shown in FIG. 1 are intended to be illustrative only and that
`computing nodes 10 and cloud computing environment 50
`can eoirununicate with any type of computerized device over
`any type of network andr'or network addressable connection
`(eg. using a web browser).
`Referring now to FIG. 2, a set of functional abstraction
`layers provided by cloud computing environment 50 (FIG.
`1) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the
`components.
`layers, and ftmctions shown in l"I(i. 2 are
`intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the
`invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following
`layers and corresponding functions are provided:
`Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and
`software components. lixamples of hardware components
`include: mainframes 61: RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
`Computer) architecture based servers 62; servers 63; blade
`servers 64: storage devices 65; and networks and networking
`components 66. In some embodiments, software compo-
`nents include network application server software 67 and
`database software 68.
`
`Virtualization layer 70 provides an abstraction layer from
`which the following examples of virtual entities may be
`provided: virtual servers 71: virtual storage 72: virtual
`networks 73,
`including virtual private networks; virtual
`applications and operating systems 74: and virtual clients
`75.
`In one example. management layer 30 may provide the
`functions described below. Resource provisioning 81 pro-
`vides dynamic procurement of computing resources and
`other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the
`cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 82
`provide cost tracking as resources are utilimd within the
`cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for
`consumption of these resources.
`In one example.
`these
`resources may comprise application software licenses. Secti—
`rity provides identity verification for cloud consumers and
`tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User
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`portal 83 provides access to the cloud computing environ-
`ment for consumers and system administrators. Service level
`management 84 provides cloud computing resource alloca—
`tion and management such that required service levels are
`met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfill-
`ment 85 provide pre-arrangenient for, and procurement of,
`cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is
`anticipated in accordance with an SLA.
`Workloads layer 90 provides examples of functionality
`for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized.
`Iixamples of workloads and functions which may be pro-
`vided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 91:
`software development and lifecycle management 92: virtual
`classroom education delivery 93: data analytics processing
`94: transaction processing 95; and transportation network
`timing processing 96.
`Referring now to FIG. 3, a schematic of an example of a
`computing node is shown. Computing node 100 is only one
`example of a suitable computing node and is not intended to
`suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality
`of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regard—
`less, computing node 100 is capable of being implemented
`andfor performing any of the functionality set forth herein-
`above.
`
`In one embodiment, computing node 100 can be provided
`as a cloud computing node 10 of a cloud computing envi—
`ronment 50. 111 one embodiment. computing node 100 can be
`provided as a computing node ofa computing environment
`other than a cloud computing environment.
`In computing node 100 there is a computer system 12,
`which is operational with numerous other general purpose or
`special purpose computing system environments or configu—
`rations. lixamples of well-known computing systems, envi-
`ronments, andfor configurations that may be suitable for use
`with computer system 12 include. but are not limited to,
`personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin
`clients, thick clients, hand—held or laptop devices, multipro—
`cessor systems, microprocessor-based systems,
`set
`top
`boxes, programmable consumer electnmics, network PCs,
`minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems. and
`distributed cloud computing environments that include any
`of the above systems or devices. and the like.
`Computer system 12 may be described in the general
`context of computer system-executable instructions, such as
`program modules. being executed by a computer system.
`Generally, program modules may include routines, pro—
`grams. objects, components, logic. data structures, and so on
`that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract
`data types. Computer system 12 may be practiced in dis—
`tributed cloud computing environments where tasks are
`performed by remote processing devices that are linked
`through a communications network. In a distributed cloud
`computing environment, program modules may be located
`in both local and remote computer system storage media
`including memory storage devices.
`As shown in FIG. 3, computer system 12 ill computing
`node 100 is shown in the form of a general-purpose com-
`puting device. The components of computer system 12 may
`include. but are not limited to, one or more processor 16, a
`system memory 28. and a bus 18 that couples various system
`components including system memory 28 to one or more
`processor 16.
`Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of
`bus structures, including a memory bus or memory control—
`ler. a peripheral bus. an accelerated graphics port. and a
`processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus archi-
`tectures. By way of example, and not
`limitation. such
`
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`7
`architectures incltrde Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
`bus, Micro Charmel Architecture (MCA) bus. Enhanced ISA
`(EISA) bus. Video Electronics Standards Association
`(VESA) local bus. and Peripheral Component Interconnects
`(PCI) bus.
`Computer system 12 typically includes a var