Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 68 Page ID #:216
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 68 Page ID #:216
`
`
`EXHIBIT 3
`
`EXHIBIT 3
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`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT- 15 1
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`COMPLAINT-151
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 2 of 68 Page ID #:217
`Case8=20-CV-°0490 ”0°“mem 1'3 Fllllll11111111111Illlllllll'lllllIllllllllllllllllllllllHllI‘llllllll
`
`US007450206B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 7,450,206 B2
`(10) Patent N0.:
`
`Nakahata et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Nov. 11, 2008
`
`75
`
`(
`
`(54) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`..
`.
`..
`~
`.
`Inventors £131:iiiihlzgvizgagg (£255?
`Fujilgawa ,Kawasaki (JP) ’
`y
`3
`(73) Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka (JP)
`
`)
`
`5,136,407 A *
`5,229,873 A *
`5 307 189 A
`,
`,
`5,309,264 A *
`5,327,001 A
`5,627,665 A
`5,668,649 A
`
`8/1992 Clerc ......................... 349/ 146
`7/1993 Hirose et al.
`................ 349/146
`4/1994 Nishiki et al.
`5/1994 Lien et al.
`................... 349/143
`7/1994 Wakai et al.
`5/1997 Yamada et al.
`9/1997 Suzuki et a1,
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 15403) by 0 days.
`
`5,680,187 A
`5,696,568 A
`5,854,663 A
`5,929,960 A
`
`10/1997 Nagayama et 31'
`”“997 Yamamom et 31'
`12/1998 Oh et al.
`7/1999 West et al.
`
`(21) App]. N0.: 10/893,790
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jul. 16, 2004
`
`6,081,315 A *
`6,108,061 A
`
`6/2000 Matsuyama et al.
`8/2000 Sako et al.
`
`......... 349/143
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`(Continued)
`
`US 2005/0024556 A1
`
`Feb. 3, 2005
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`JP
`
`94441031 A
`
`9/ 1997
`
`(60) Division of application No. 10/263,257, filed on Oct.
`2, 2002, now Pat. No. 6,778,229, wh1ch IS a cont1nua-
`tlwon-1121%pa2r5002f appllclatloéi Nil. 10/107989, filed on
`ar.
`,
`,nowa an one .
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`8E;
`
`""""""""""""""" gggéjgg?gg
`
`"""
`
`bod? i’ozgggz
`y
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`Int Cl
`(2006 01)
`G02F ”1337
`(2006.01)
`G02F ”1343
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`.
`gfsl'dC: CI"""Tim";"""S""""h"""" 349/1293’43;?/4339
`1e
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`as“ cation earc
`”””””’3’4‘9‘2‘129 39 38
`1.
`.
`fil f
`1
`h h'
`’
`’
`ee app 1catlon
`e or comp ete searc
`lstory.
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(51)
`
`(2:)
`(
`)
`
`(56)
`
`S
`
`Primary Examinerilames A Dudek
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmA lreer, Burns & Crain, Ltd.
`57
`ABSTRACT
`
`(
`
`)
`
`A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates
`with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of
`substrates. The liquid crystal layer includes a photopolymer-
`izable component mixed therein, and there is a pixel electrode
`formed on one ofthe substrates. The pixel electrode includes
`at least two pixel slit areas separated by a liquid crystal
`domain boundary area, wherein each of the pixel slit areas
`includes a plurality ofgenerally parallel slits therein. Further,
`an additional electrode, having the same potential as the pixel
`electrode, is formed in at least a portion of the liquid crystal
`domain boundary area without extending into any ofthe pixel
`slit areas.
`
`5,073,772 A
`
`12/1991 Takafujiet al.
`
`9 Claims, 43 Drawing Sheets
`
`—L—-—fi
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DARK LINES
`
`/
`
`Cs ELECTRODE
`(METAL)
`UNDERLYING
`ITO LAYER
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-152
`
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL C
`MOLECULE
`TILTED IN RIGHT
`DIRECTION
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`MOLECULE
`TILTED IN
`OPPOSITE
`DI RECTIUN
`
`LIQUID CRYSTAL
`MOLECULES
`TILTED IN RIGHT
`DIRECTION
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-152
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 68 Page ID #:218
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 68 Page ID #:218
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,160,604 A * 12/2000 Muraiet a1.
`6,181,406 B1
`1/2001 Morimoto et al.
`6,243,146 Bl
`6/2001 Rho etal~
`6,285,431 B2*
`9/2001 Lyu et al. .................... 349/143
`6,287,733 B1
`9/2001 Miyazaki etal.
`~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 430/7
`6,396,077 B1
`5/2002 Kubota et 31.
`6,445,437 B1
`9/2002 Miyazaki et a1.
`
`349/143
`
`........... 349/155
`
`............ 349/ 156
`
`6,657,686 B2
`6,657,695 B1
`6,771,344 B2
`6,778,244 B2
`6,894,735 B2*
`6,919,945 B2
`6,937,311 B2*
`
`12/2003 Choi
`12/2003 Song et 31.
`8/2004 Lyu et a1.
`8/2004 Song et a1.
`5/2005 Chae etal.
`7/2005 Ha
`8/2005 Song etal.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`.................. 349/38
`
`................ 349/129
`
`COMPLAINT-153
`
`COMPLAINT-153
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 68 Page ID #:219
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 68 Page ID #:219
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 11, 2008
`
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 68 Page ID #:222
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 68 Page ID #:222
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 11, 2008
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 68 Page ID #:223
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 68 Page ID #:223
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 68 Page ID #:224
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 68 Page ID #:224
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 6 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 68 Page ID #:226
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 68 Page ID #:226
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 8 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 68 Page ID #:227
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 68 Page ID #:228
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 68 Page ID #:228
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`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 10 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Fig.10
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 68 Page ID #:229
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 68 Page ID #:229
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 11, 2008
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 68 Page ID #:230
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 68 Page ID #:230
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 12 0143
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 68 Page ID #:232
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 68 Page ID #:232
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 14 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 68 Page ID #:233
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 68 Page ID #:233
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 68 Page ID #:234
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 68 Page ID #:234
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 68 Page ID #:235
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 68 Page ID #:235
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 11, 2008
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 68 Page ID #:236
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 68 Page ID #:236
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 18 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 68 Page ID #:237
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 68 Page ID #:237
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 68 Page ID #:238
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 68 Page ID #:238
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`US. Patent
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 68 Page ID #:239
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 68 Page ID #:239
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 21 0143
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 68 Page ID #:240
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 68 Page ID #:240
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 22 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 68 Page ID #:241
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 68 Page ID #:241
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 23 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Fig.25
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 68 Page ID #:242
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 68 Page ID #:242
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 24 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Fig.27
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 68 Page ID #:243
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 68 Page ID #:243
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 25 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 68 Page ID #:244
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 68 Page ID #:244
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`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 26 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 68 Page ID #:245
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 68 Page ID #:245
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 27 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 68 Page ID #:247
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 68 Page ID #:247
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
`
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 68 Page ID #:248
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 68 Page ID #:248
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 30 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 68 Page ID #:249
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 68 Page ID #:249
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 31 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 68 Page ID #:250
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 68 Page ID #:250
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 32 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 68 Page ID #:251
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 68 Page ID #:251
`
`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 33 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 68 Page ID #:252
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 68 Page ID #:252
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 34 0f 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 68 Page ID #:253
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 68 Page ID #:253
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 11, 2008
`
`Sheet 35 of 43
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 68 Page ID #:254
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 68 Page ID #:254
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 36 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 68 Page ID #:255
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 68 Page ID #:255
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 37 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 68 Page ID #:256
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 68 Page ID #:256
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 38 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 68 Page ID #:258
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 68 Page ID #:258
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 40 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 68 Page ID #:259
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 68 Page ID #:259
`
`US. Patent
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`Nov. 11,2008
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`Sheet 41 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 68 Page ID #:260
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 68 Page ID #:260
`
`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 11, 2008
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`Sheet 42 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 68 Page ID #:261
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 68 Page ID #:261
`
`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 11,2008
`
`Sheet 43 0f 43
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`US 7,450,206 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 68 Page ID #:262
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 68 Page ID #:262
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
`
`1
`LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE AND
`METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This is a divisional ofapplication Ser. No. 10/263,257 filed
`Oct. 2, 2002 now US. Pat. No. 6,778,229, which is a con-
`tinuation-in-part of Ser. No. 10/107,989 filed Mar. 27, 2002,
`now abandoned.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display
`device to be used for television and other display apparatuses,
`to a method of fabricating the same and, more particularly, to
`a liquid crystal display device that uses a liquid crystal mate-
`rial containing a photosensitive material and a method of
`fabricating the same.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`A liquid crystal display device is a display device that
`comprises a liquid crystal sealed between two opposing sub-
`strates and that uses electrical stimulus for optical switching
`by exploiting the electro-optical anisotropy ofa liquid crystal.
`Utilizing the refractive index anisotropy that the liquid crystal
`possesses, the brightness ofthe light transmitted by the liquid
`crystal panel is controlled by applying a voltage to the liquid
`crystal and thereby reorienting the axis of the refractive index
`anisotropy.
`In such a liquid crystal display device, it is extremely
`important to control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules
`when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. If the initial
`alignment is not stable, when a voltage is applied to the liquid
`crystal, the liquid crystal molecules do not align in a predict-
`able manner, resulting in an inability to control the refractive
`index. Various techniques have been developed to control the
`alignment of
`liquid crystal molecules,
`representative
`examples including a technique that controls the initially
`formed angle (pretilt angle) between the alignment film and
`the liquid crystal and a technique that controls the horizontal
`electric field formed between the bus line and the pixel elec-
`trode.
`
`The same can be said of a display device that uses a liquid
`crystal material containing a photosensitive material; specifi-
`cally, in a liquid crystal display mode in which the initial
`alignment is controlled by radiation of light in the presence of
`an applied voltage, the voltage application method during the
`radiation becomes important. The reason is that, if the mag-
`nitude ofthe applied voltage differs, a change will occur in the
`initially formed pretilt angle, resulting in a change in trans-
`mittance characteristics.
`
`In connection with a first aspect of the invention, tech-
`niques called passive matrix driving and active matrix driving
`have usually been used to drive liquid crystals; nowadays,
`with an increasing demand for higher resolution, the active
`matrix display mode that uses thin-film transistors (TFTs) is
`the dominant liquid crystal display mode. In a liquid crystal
`display having such TFTs, when radiating light onto the liq-
`uid crystal while applying a voltage to it, it is usually prac-
`ticed to expose the liquid crystal to light radiation while
`applying a TFT ON voltage to each gate bus line and a desired
`voltage to each data bus line, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
`However, when such a liquid crystal exposure method is
`employed, if there is a line defect due to a bus line break or
`short, as shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal will be exposed to
`light when the liquid crystal in the affected area cannot be
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`driven, and a pretilt angle different from that in other areas
`will be formed in this defect area, resulting in the problem that
`the brightness in this area differs from the brightness in other
`areas.
`
`Or, in the TFT channel ON state, a shift in the TFT thresh-
`old value can occur due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as
`shown in FIG. 4, resulting in the problem that the region
`where the TFTs can be driven stably shifts from the desired
`region.
`On the other hand, in connection with a second aspect of
`the invention, displays using the TN mode have been the
`predominant type of active matrix liquid crystal display, but
`this type of display has had the shortcoming that the viewing
`angle is narrow. Nowadays, a technique called the MVA mode
`or a technique called the IPS mode is employed to achieve a
`wide viewing angle liquid crystal panel.
`In the IPS mode, liquid crystal molecules are switched in
`the horizontal plane by using comb-shaped electrodes, but a
`strong backlight is required because the comb-shaped elec-
`trodes significantly reduce the molecules are aligned verti-
`cally to the substrates, and the alignment of the liquid crystal
`molecules is controlled by the use of protrusions or slits
`formed in a transparent electrode (for example, an ITO elec-
`trode). The decrease in the effective numerical aperture due to
`the protrusions or slits used in MVA is not so large as that
`caused by the comb-electrodes in IPS, but compared with TN
`mode displays, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal
`panel is low, and it has not been possible to employ MVA for
`notebook computers that require low power consumption.
`When fine slits are formed in the ITO electrode, the liquid
`crystal molecules tilt parallel to the fine slits, but in two
`different directions. If the fine slits are sufficiently long, liq-
`uid crystal molecules located farther from a structure such as
`a bank that defines the direction in which the liquid crystal
`molecules tilt are caused to tilt randomly in two directions
`upon application of a voltage. However, the liquid crystal
`molecules located at the boundary between the liquid crystal
`molecules caused to tilt in different directions, cannot tilt in
`either direction, resulting in the formation of a dark area such
`as that shown in FIG. 29. Further, in a structure where the
`liquid crystal molecules are caused to tilt in two different
`directions in order to improve viewing angle, if there are
`liquid crystal molecules that are caused to tilt in the opposite
`direction, as shown in FIG. 29, the viewing angle character-
`istics degrade.
`In connection with a third aspect of the invention, in an
`LCD (MVA-LCD) in which an N-type liquid crystal
`is
`aligned vertically and in which, upon application of a voltage,
`the molecules of the liquid crystal are caused to tilt in a
`number of predefined directions by using alignment protru-
`sions or electrode slits, the liquid crystal molecules are almost
`completely vertically aligned in the absence of an applied
`voltage, but are caused to tilt in the various predefined direc-
`tions when a voltage is applied. The tilt directions ofthe liquid
`crystal molecules are controlled so that they always make an
`angle of 45° to the polarizer absorption axis, but the liquid
`crystal molecules as a continuum can tilt in a direction inter-
`mediate between them. Furthermore, areas where the tilt
`direction of the liquid crystal molecules is displaced from the
`predefined direction inevitably exist because of the effects of
`the horizontal electric field, etc. at the time of driving or
`irregularities in the structure. In normally black displays
`where the polarizers are arranged in a crossed Nicol configu-
`ration, this means that dark areas appear when the display is
`driven in the white display state, and the screen brightness
`thus decreases. To address this problem, in a liquid crystal
`display device constructed by sandwiching between two sub-
`
`COMPLAINT-197
`
`COMPLAINT-197
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 68 Page ID #:263
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-3 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 68 Page ID #:263
`
`US 7,450,206 B2
`
`3
`strates a liquid crystal composition containing a photopoly-
`merizable or thermally polymerizable component, there is
`employed a technique that polymerizes the polymerizable
`component while applying a voltage, thereby defining the
`direction in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt in the
`presence of an applied voltage.
`With this technique, however, if the polymerization is
`insufficient, image sticking can occur. This is believed to
`occur because the rigidity of the polymerized polymer is
`insufficient and deformation occurs due to the realignment of
`the liquid crystal molecules at the time ofvoltage application.
`On the other hand, to sufficiently polymerize the polymer, the
`duration of light radiation must be increased, but in that case,
`takt time at the time of volume production becomes a prob-
`lem.
`
`In connection with a fourth aspect of the invention, con-
`ventional liquid crystal display devices predominantly use
`the TN mode in which horizontally aligned liquid crystal
`molecules are twisted between the top and bottom substrates,
`but gray-scale inversion occurs in the mid gray-scale range
`because the tilt angle ofthe liquid crystal differs depending on
`the viewing direction, that is, the viewing angle. To address
`this, a technique called the MVA mode has been proposed in
`which vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules are tilted
`symmetrically in opposite directions to compensate for the
`viewing angle. In this technique, alignment control members
`made of an insulating material are formed on electrodes to
`control the liquid crystal tilt directions. However, since the
`liquid crystal molecules tilt in 180° opposite directions on
`both sides of each alignment control member, a dark line is
`formed and transmittance decreases. To obtain sufficient
`
`transmittance, it is preferable to reduce the area occupied by
`the alignment control members by forming them spaced far-
`ther apart, but this would in turn slow the propagation speed
`of the tilt, resulting in a slow response speed.
`To address this, a technique has been proposed in which a
`liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable com-
`ponent is sandwiched between substrates and, while applying
`a voltage,
`the polymerizable component
`is polymerized,
`thereby defining the tilt direction of the liquid crystal mol-
`ecules. This achieves a faster response speed while retaining
`the transmittance.
`
`However, in the case of a liquid crystal display device in
`which the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules is
`defined by polymerizing the polymerizable component in the
`liquid crystal while applying a voltage, there arises the prob-
`lem that display unevenness occurs after the polymerization
`ofthe polymerizable component, because ofthe separation of
`the liquid crystal and the polymerizable component which
`occurs when the liquid crystal material is injected at high
`speed at the initial stage ofinj ection or when there is an abrupt
`change in speed near a frame edge.
`In connection with a fifth aspect ofthe invention, in a liquid
`crystal display device, it has traditionally been practiced to
`control the alignment direction ofthe vertically aligned panel
`by a TFT substrate having slits in pixel electrodes and a color
`filter substrate having insulating protrusions, and it has there-
`fore been necessary to form the dielectric protrusions on one
`of the substrates. Fabrication of such a liquid crystal display
`device therefore has involved the problem that the n