`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO
`
`
`Civil Action No. 1:21-cv-03033-WJM-KLM
`
`JAMES BOWLING, individually and on behalf of all
`others similarly situated.
`
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`
`v.
`
`DaVita, INC.
`
`
`Defendant.
`
`
`FLSA COLLECTIVE ACTION
`
`JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
`
`
`
`PLAINTIFF’S FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
`
`
`INTRODUCTION AND NATURE OF ACTION
`
`I.
`
`
`
`1.
`
`Plaintiff James Bowling (“Bowling” or “Plaintiff”) brings this suit as a
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`collective action under the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C.
`
`§§ 201-219, and the Portal-to-Portal Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 251-262 (collectively, the “FLSA”)
`
`, on his individual behalf and on behalf of the members of the proposed FLSA collective
`
`action defined below. Plaintiff and class members worked as hourly paid nurses and
`
`technicians at DaVita, Inc. (“DaVita” or “Defendant”), a nationwide healthcare provider
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`who is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. Plaintiff and class members did not receive
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`bona fide meal break periods. Instead, they were required and permitted to work through
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`or subject to interruption for Defendant during their meal break periods and were not paid
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`for such time.
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`
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`2.
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`An employer is not required to pay an employee for meal periods if the
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`employer can satisfy its burden of showing that the employee received a bona fide meal
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`period. However, Defendant required nurses and technicians at DaVita to remain
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`responsible for patient care throughout their shifts, including during meal periods. Nurses
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`and technicians frequently went without meals, and even when they did attempt to eat,
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`their meal periods were regularly interrupted by work demands. In short, Defendant used
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`the nurses’ and technicians’ meal periods for the predominant benefit of DaVita.
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`Notwithstanding Defendant’s practice of requiring nurses and technicians to be available
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`for work and to in fact work throughout their meal periods, Defendant deducted thirty (30)
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`minutes from the total time worked by nurses and technicians each shift so as to account
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`for these hypothetical meal periods, thereby enabling Defendant to receive the benefit of
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`an additional thirty minutes of unpaid work for each shift worked by class members.
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`
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`3.
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`Defendant’s practice of failing to relieve nurses and technicians of their
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`duties during meal periods, while simultaneously deducting thirty minutes from the total
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`time paid per shift (on the pretext of accounting for meal periods which nurses and
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`technicians were not in fact free to take without constant interruption), had the effect of
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`depriving nurses and technicians of overtime compensation due to them under the FLSA
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`in the weeks in which they worked more than forty (40) hours in a week. On information
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`and belief, all of DaVitas’ non-exempt, hourly paid direct patient care nurses and
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`technicians were subjected to this illegal pay practice.
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`4.
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`Plaintiff brings this suit under the collective action provisions of the FLSA
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`because he and the putative collective action members are similarly situated under the
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`FLSA in the following particulars: (a) they are or were hourly-paid direct patient care
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`nurses and technicians subject to Defendant’s company-wide policy of pay deductions
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`for meal periods; (b) they are and were required and permitted to be available to perform
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`uncompensated work during those meal periods, and in fact did perform uncompensated
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`work during those periods; (c) the meal periods are and were predominantly for the benefit
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`of Defendant; and (d) Plaintiff and class members suffered overtime wage losses as a
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`result of Defendant’s failure to pay wages at the federally required overtime rate for these
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`thirty minutes meal periods in the weeks in which the nurses and technicians worked
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`more than forty hours in a week.
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`5.
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`Accordingly, Plaintiff is similarly situated to the following classes of
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`employees:
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`FLSA Collective Action:
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`All current and former hourly paid nurses and technicians employed at all
`DaVita locations to provide direct patient care at any time during the three
`years before this Complaint was filed up to the present who, as a result of
`Defendant’s practice of deducting 30 minutes from each shift worked and
`not paying for same, did not receive all of the overtime pay to which they
`were entitled under the FLSA in the weeks of their employment in which said
`nurses and technicians worked more than forty (40) hours per week.
`
`II.
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`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
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`6.
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`This Court has jurisdiction over the FLSA claims under 29 U S.C. § 216 et
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`seq. and 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
`
`
`
`7.
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`Venue is proper in the District of Colorado pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)
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`& (c)(2) because Defendant operates its headquarters in the District of Colorado, and
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`because the events giving rise to these claims occurred in this judicial district.
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`III.
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`PARTIES
`
`A.
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`Plaintiff James Bowling and Collective Action Members
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`
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`8.
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`Plaintiff James Bowling is an individual residing in Galveston County,
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`Texas. Plaintiff has standing to file this lawsuit.
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`3
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`9.
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`Plaintiff worked for Defendant from on or about August 2016 through on or
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`about May 2021. Plaintiff was an employee of Defendant and paid on an hourly-rate
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`basis. Plaintiff's written consent to become a party plaintiff to this action was attached to
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`his Original Complaint as Exhibit 1. (See ECF No. 1-1).
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`
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`10. Collective Action Members are all of Defendant’s current and former hourly-
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`paid, direct patient care nurses and technicians who work or worked at all DaVita locations
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`three years prior to the filing of Plaintiff’s Original Complaint (ECF No. 1) to the present,
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`and who are due unpaid overtime wages for compensable work performed during unpaid
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`“meal breaks” as a result of Defendant deducting thirty minutes of time from each shift
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`worked by class members.
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`B.
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`Defendant DaVita, Inc.
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`
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`11. Defendant DaVita Spohn Health System Corporation
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`is a foreign
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`corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware.
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`
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`
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`12. Defendant has been served and has made an appearance.
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`IV.
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`FLSA COVERAGE
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`13. At all material times, Defendant has been an employer within the meaning
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`of Section 203(d) of the FLSA because the medical facility employed personnel such as
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`Plaintiff and Collective Action Members to operate DaVita. Plaintiff and Collective Action
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`Members worked exclusively for and under the sole direction and control of Defendant
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`and for Defendant’s financial gain. Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are nurses
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`and technicians whose services are integral to the medical care business which
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`Defendant operates. Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are economically dependent
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`on Defendant’s business: Defendant cannot operate DaVita without nurses and
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`technicians; and without a medical facility like DaVita, Plaintiff and Class Members do not
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`have access to medical equipment, facilities and patients to earn a living as nurses and
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`technicians. Furthermore, Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are classified as W-2
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`employees of Defendant.
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`
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`14. At all material times, Defendant has been a “single enterprise” within the
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`meaning of Section 203(r) of the FLSA because it acted through unified operation and
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`common control to further its common purpose of operating DaVita.
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`
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`15. At all material times, Defendant has been an enterprise in commerce within
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`the meaning of Section 203(s)(1)(A) of the FLSA (“Traditional Enterprise Coverage”)
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`because:
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`i)
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`Defendant had and continues to have employees engaged in commerce or
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`in the production of goods for commerce, or have had employees handling,
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`selling, or otherwise working on goods or materials that have been moved
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`in or produced for commerce by any person. By way of example and not by
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`limitation, as a part of their work, Plaintiff and/or Defendant’s employees (1)
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`used computers and
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`telecommunications equipment
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`that were
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`manufactured and shipped across state lines; (2) used medical supplies and
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`equipment, including but not limited to, latex gloves, masks, medications,
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`thermometers,
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`stethoscopes, wheelchairs,
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`ambulatory
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`devices,
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`incontinency and personal care products, gowns, linens, and cleaning
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`products; and (3) utilized
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`third-party medical services
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`for various
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`diagnostics testing and reports/recommendations and lab work test (e.g.,
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`dialysis, blood work, basic metabolic panel, complete metabolic panel,
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`urinalysis, C-Doff, etc.).
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`5
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`ii)
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`Upon information and belief, Defendant had an annual gross business
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`volume in excess of $500,000 per year.
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`
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`16. At all material times, Defendant has been an enterprise in commerce within
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`the meaning of Section 203(s)(1)(B) of the FLSA (“Named Enterprise Coverage”)
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`because:
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`i)
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`Defendant is engaged in the operation of an institution primarily engaged in
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`the care of the sick and the aged. Specifically, “DaVita is a health care
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`provider focused on transforming care delivery to improve quality of life for
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`patients around the globe. The company is one of the largest providers of
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`kidney care services in the U.S. and has been a leader in clinical quality
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`and innovation for more than 20 years. As of June 30, 2021, DaVita served
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`204,300 patients at 2,828 outpatient dialysis centers, at home, and in the
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`hospital in the United States. The company also operated 331 outpatient
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`dialysis centers in ten countries worldwide.”1 Because Defendant operates
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`an institution primarily engaged in the care of the sick and elderly it is per
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`se an “enterprise in commerce” pursuant to Section 203(s)(1)(B).
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`
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`17. At all material times, Plaintiff was an individual employee who engaged in
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`commerce or in the production of goods for commerce as required by 29 U.S.C. §
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`207(a)(2)(C) (“Individual Coverage”) because Plaintiff had direct and substantial
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`involvement with interstate commerce in ways which were regular, recurring, and a
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`substantial part of their work. By way of example and not by limitation, Plaintiff
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`incorporates the examples listed above in paragraph 18(i) of this complaint.
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`1 https://investors.davita.com/ (last visited on 11/10/2021).
`6
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`V.
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`FACTUAL BACKGROUND
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`
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`18.
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`“DaVita is a health care provider focused on transforming care delivery to
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`improve quality of life for patients around the globe. The company is one of the largest
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`providers of kidney care services in the U.S. and has been a leader in clinical quality and
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`innovation for more than 20 years. As of June 30, 2021, DaVita served 204,300 patients
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`at 2,828 outpatient dialysis centers, at home, and in the hospital in the United States. The
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`company also operated 331 outpatient dialysis centers in ten countries worldwide.”2 It
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`employs specialized nursing and technician care to ensure the health and well-being of
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`each of its patients. To provide continuous medical services to its patients, DaVita
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`employs over 55,000 teammates in the United States.3 Based on information and belief,
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`DaVita has employed thousands of nurses and technicians during the applicable FLSA
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`three-year period.
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`
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`19. Plaintiff is a nurse who worked for DaVita from approximately August 2016
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`to on or about May 2021. He was paid approximately $38.50 per hour by the time of his
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`separation from employment with Defendant.
`
`
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`20. Plaintiff and Collective Action members are regularly scheduled to work
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`numerous six-hour shifts per week at DaVita. However, Plaintiff and the class members
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`have the option to pick up additional shifts, and frequently do so. In Plaintiff’s case, he
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`was regularly scheduled to work over 50 hours a week, and in some instances, worked
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`close to 70 hours per week. Accordingly, Plaintiff and class members regularly worked
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`more than 40 hours per week at DaVita.
`
`
`2 https://investors.davita.com/ (last visited on 11/10/2021).
`3 https://www.davita.com/about (last visited on 11/10/2021).
`7
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`
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`21. Plaintiff alleges that as a result of a common policy equally applicable to
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`him and to every member of the FLSA Collective Action , Defendant ailed to pay them at
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`the time-and-one-half overtime rate required by federal law for work performed in those
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`weeks in which they worked more than forty (40) hours in a week. Specifically, Plaintiff
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`and the class members were not compensated at any rate whatsoever for thirty minutes
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`of each of their six-hour shifts worked when Plaintiff and the Collective Action members
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`had meal breaks that were routinely interrupted to perform job duties.
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`Uncompensated work during meal breaks.
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`
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`22. DaVita generated its payroll documentation for Plaintiff and class members
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`by using PeopleNet time management software. The hours to be paid were tracked by
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`PeopleNet. Plaintiff and the Collective Action members clocked in/out for their required
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`30-minute meal breaks from each six-hour shift worked, whether automatically through
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`PeopleNet or manually by Defendant’s managers as a matter of policy and/or practice.
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`Each pay period, the amount of time tracked by the software, after deduction of thirty
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`minutes per six-hour shift, was uploaded for processing into the payroll processing
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`software.
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`
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`23. All of DaVita’s hourly-paid direct patient care nurses and technicians are
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`and were subject to Defendant’s policy to deducting thirty minutes per shift from the
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`recorded time worked.
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`
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`24. Plaintiff anticipates that Defendant will argue that the thirty minute
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`deductions from each shift worked were warranted so as to account for uninterrupted
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`thirty minute lunch breaks during which no work was performed and for which no
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`compensation is owed. In point of fact, however, Plaintiff and his nurse and technician
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`colleagues routinely worked through their lunch breaks, and even when they did manage
`8
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`to spend a few minutes eating, that time was regularly interrupted by other nurses and
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`technicians on duty, nurse managers, patients’ families, and other DaVita staff.
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`
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`25. Defendant is and was familiar with the demands of the health care industry
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`in general and of providing medical services at DaVita in specific, and they deliberately
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`chose to keep their labor costs down by staffing an insufficient number of personnel per
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`shift. Rather than hiring and staffing a sufficient number of nurses and technicians per
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`shift to allow the nurses and technicians to take full, uninterrupted meal breaks, Defendant
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`required and permitted these overworked nurses and technicians to work during their
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`meal breaks for the benefit of Defendant. Defendant knew and expected that Plaintiff and
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`class members would work through their unpaid “meal breaks,” and this was in fact a daily
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`occurrence at DaVita. Defendant’s supervisors and management routinely interrupted
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`the meal breaks of Plaintiff and Collective Action members and made work demands upon
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`them. Defendant’s supervisors and management were actively involved in scheduling the
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`shifts worked by Plaintiff and the Collective Action members, and they had actual
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`knowledge that their staffing and work policies were causing Plaintiff and class members
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`to work through meal breaks to the predominant benefit of Defendant.
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`
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`26. Plaintiff and Collective Action members were expected to complete orders
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`on assigned patients, to answer calls, to respond to medical emergencies, to advise other
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`staff on patient care and status issues, to answer questions from DaVita staff or family
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`members, and in general to respond immediately to work demands during “meal breaks.”
`
`
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`27. Defendant knew and/or had reason to know that Plaintiff and Collective
`
`Action members performed work during their unpaid “meal breaks”. Indeed, Defendant
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`required Plaintiff and Collective Action members to remain available to respond to work
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`demands at any time during the shift, including during meal breaks. Moreover, Plaintiff
`9
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`and Collective Action members performed work for Defendant during the unpaid meal
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`breaks in plain sight of Defendant’s management, quite often at Defendant’s
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`management’s specific request.
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`
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`28. Despite Defendant’s actual knowledge that Plaintiff and Collective Action
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`members worked during supposed “meal breaks,” Defendant willfully failed to
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`compensate Plaintiff and Collective Action members for such work, electing instead to
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`accept the benefits of Plaintiff and the Collective Action members’ work without
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`compensating them for such work.
`
`
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`29. Given that Defendant’s supervisors and managers knew from direct
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`observation and from their general knowledge of DaVita’s operations that Plaintiff and
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`Collective Action members (a) regularly worked through the deducted meal break time
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`without compensation; and (b) regularly accumulated overtime hours even after deduction
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`of the uncompensated thirty minute per shift, Defendant had both actual and constructive
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`knowledge that Plaintiff and Collective Action members were not being compensated for
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`meal periods worked at any rate whatsoever, much less at the agreed hourly rate or at
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`the federally mandated time-and-one-half rate required for overtime.
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`Calculation of damages.
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`
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`30. Evidence reflecting the number of uncompensated meal break hours
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`worked by each class member, as well as their applicable regular and overtime rate, is in
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`the possession of Defendant. Actual damages can be calculated easily once Defendant
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`has produced complete payroll records for the class. The absence of a bona fide meal
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`break makes all unpaid meal break time compensable, and all that remains is to establish
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`the number of shifts worked by Collective Action members in the weeks in which they
`
`worked more than 40 hours. Each shift worked will entitle class members to half an hour
`10
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`of pay at their time-and-one-half rate, depending upon whether the week in question is
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`one in which forty or more hours were worked. The information needed to calculate
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`damages―specifically the dates of the shifts worked, the total number of hours worked
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`per week, and the base hourly rate of pay for each worker―exists right now in
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`Defendant’s timekeeping and payroll databases. The damage calculation itself will be a
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`straightforward accounting process.
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`
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`COLLECTIVE ACTION CLAIM
`VI.
`VIOLATION OF 29 U.S.C. § 207 - OVERTIME
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`31. Plaintiff incorporates all allegations contained in the foregoing paragraphs.
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`
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`32. Pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 216(b), Plaintiff seeks to prosecute his FLSA claims
`
`
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`
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`as a collective action on behalf of the members of the putative class.
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`
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`33.
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`The action is filed on behalf of all of Defendant’s hourly-paid direct patient
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`care nurses and technicians who worked at all DaVita locations during the three years
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`preceding the filing of this action through entry of judgment in this case, whose overtime
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`pay was docked pursuant to a meal break deduction policy notwithstanding the fact that
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`the nurses and technicians performed compensable work during the supposed meal
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`break periods (the “FLSA Class”).
`
`
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`34.
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`This FLSA Class is so numerous that joinder of all members is
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`impracticable. Although the precise number of such persons is currently unknown to
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`Plaintiff, and although the data which would identify the size of the FLSA Class is within
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`the sole control of Defendant, upon information and belief there are thousands of nurses
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`and technicians encompassed by the class, most of whom would not be likely to file
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`individual suits because they lack adequate financial resources, access to attorneys or
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`knowledge of their claims.
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`11
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`35. Plaintiff will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the FLSA Class
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`members and has retained counsel experienced and competent in the field of wage and
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`hour law and class action litigation. Plaintiff has no interest that is contrary to or in conflict
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`with the interests of the members of the FLSA Class.
`
`
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`36. A collective action is superior to individual adjudication of the claims at issue
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`in this controversy, since the claims are substantially similar and since joinder of all
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`members is impracticable. Furthermore, inasmuch as the damages suffered by individual
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`members of the class may be relatively small, the expense and burden of individual
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`litigation make it virtually impossible for the members of the class to seek redress
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`individually for the wrongs done to them. Management of the suit as a collective action
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`will serve judicial economy.
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`
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`37. Questions of law and fact common to the FLSA Class members
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`predominate over questions that may affect only individuals because Defendant has
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`acted on grounds generally applicable to all FLSA Class members. Among the common
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`questions of law and fact common to Plaintiff and other collective action class members
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`are:
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`whether Plaintiffs and the FLSA Class members were expected to
`and/or required to work during unpaid meal breaks, and in fact did
`so;
`
`Whether Defendant’s control of the conditions of the “meal break”
`was for the predominant benefit of DaVita and whether it made such
`time compensable as a matter of law;
`
`whether Defendant failed to pay Plaintiff and the FLSA Class
`members overtime compensation for some of their hours worked in
`excess of forty hours per workweek in violation of the FLSA, as a
`result of Defendant’s deduction of, and failure to pay for, half an hour
`meal break periods in each shift worked in weeks in which overtime
`hours were otherwise worked;
`
`a.
`
`
`b.
`
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`c.
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`12
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`d.
`
`
`e.
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`whether Defendant’s violations of the FLSA were willful as that term
`is understood in the context of the FLSA; and
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`whether Defendant is liable for damages claimed hereunder,
`including but not limited to unpaid overtime wages, liquidated
`damages, attorneys’ fees and costs.
`
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`38. Plaintiff knows of no difficulty that would be encountered in the management
`
`
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`of this litigation that would preclude its maintenance as a collective action.
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`
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`39.
`
`The FLSA 216(b) collective action class may be defined as:
`
`All former and current hourly paid nurses and technicians employed
`at all DaVita locations nationwide to provide direct patient care at any
`time during the three years before this Complaint was filed up to the
`present who, as a result of Defendant’s practice of deducting half-an-
`hour from each shift worked and not paying for same, did not receive
`all of the overtime pay to which they were entitled under the FLSA in
`the weeks of their employment in which said nurses and technicians
`worked more than forty (40) hours per week.
`
`
`VII. DAMAGES
`FLSA Collective Action Damages.
`
`A.
`
`
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`40. Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are entitled to recover their unpaid
`
`overtime compensation.
`
`
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`41. Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are also entitled to an amount equal
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`to all of their unpaid overtime compensation as liquidated damages. 29 U.S.C. § 207 and
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`216(b).
`
`
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`42. Plaintiff and Collective Action Members are also entitled to recover their
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`attorney's fees and costs as provided for by the FLSA. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b).
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`VIII. PRAYER
`
`
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`
`
`A.
`
`FLSA COLLECTIVE ACTION RELIEF ― OVERTIME
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`For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff respectfully request judgment to be entered
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`against Defendant awarding Plaintiff and the FLSA Collective Action Members:
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`13
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`4.
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`5.
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`overtime compensation for all unpaid overtime hours worked in
`excess of forty (40) in a week at the rate of one and one-half times
`their regular rates of pay;
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`an amount equal to the sum of the unpaid overtime compensation,
`as liquidated damages allowed under the FLSA;
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`reasonable attorney’s fees, costs and expenses of this action as
`provided
`for by the FLSA;
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`pre-judgment and post judgment interest at the highest rates allowed
`by law on all damages; and
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`such other and further relief, at law or in equity, to which Plaintiff and
`the FLSA Collective Action Members may be entitled.
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`SHELLIST | LAZARZ | SLOBIN LLP
`
`
`
`
`
`By: /s/ Ricardo J. Prieto
` Ricardo J. Prieto
` Texas Bar No. 24062947
`
`rprieto@eeoc.net
` Melinda Arbuckle
` Texas Bar No. 24080773
` marbuckle@eeoc.net
`
`11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1515
` Houston, Texas 77046
` Telephone: (713) 621-2277
` Facsimile: (713) 621-0993
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`ATTORNEYS FOR PLAINTIFF &
`PUTATIVE FLSA COLLECTIVE ACTION
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`I certify that all Parties have been served with this document through their counsel
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`of record via the Court’s ECF system.
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`/s/ Ricardo J. Prieto
`Ricardo J. Prieto
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`14
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