Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 1 of 83
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`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
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`United States of America, et al.,
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`v.
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`Google LLC,
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`Plaintiffs,
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`Case No. 1:20-cv-03010-APM
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`HON. AMIT P. MEHTA
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`
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`Defendant.
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`State of Colorado, et al.,
`
`v.
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`Google LLC,
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`Plaintiffs,
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`Case No. 1:20-cv-03715-APM
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`HON. AMIT P. MEHTA
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`
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`
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`Defendant.
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`
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`DEFENDANT’S STATEMENT OF MATERIAL FACTS AS TO WHICH THERE IS NO
`GENUINE ISSUE IN SUPPORT OF ITS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 2 of 83
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`B.
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`C.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`The Browser Default Agreements .......................................................................................1
`A.
`The Agreements with Apple ....................................................................................1
`1.
`Apple’s Safari Browser and Safari’s Default Search Engine ......................1
`2.
`Apple’s Agreements with Google and Evaluations of Other Search
`Engines .........................................................................................................3
`Apple’s Promotion of Other Search Engines .............................................13
`3.
`The Agreements with Mozilla ...............................................................................20
`1.
`Mozilla’s Firefox Browser and Its Default Search Engine ........................20
`2.
`Mozilla’s Agreements with Google and Evaluations of Other
`Search Engines ...........................................................................................22
`Mozilla’s Promotion of Other Search Engines ..........................................33
`3.
`The Agreements with Other Browser and Software Developers ...........................37
`1.
`The Agreements with Opera and UC Web ................................................37
`2.
`The Agreements with Adobe and Avast ....................................................39
`The Agreements with Android Original Equipment Manufacturers and Wireless
`Carriers ...............................................................................................................................41
`A.
`The Android Operating System and Android Agreements Generally ...................41
`B.
`Android Compatibility Commitment (ACC) and Anti-Fragmentation
`Agreement (AFA) ..................................................................................................43
`Mobile Application Distribution Agreement (MADA) .........................................44
`C.
`Revenue Share Agreements (RSA) ........................................................................46
`D.
`Plaintiffs’ Experts’ Opinions Regarding the Agreements .................................................48
`Plaintiffs’ Additional Contentions Regarding the ACC and AFA .....................................52
`A.
`The Role of Compatibility in the Development of Android ..................................52
`B.
`AFAs, ACCs, and the Android Compatibility Definition Document ....................55
`C.
`Amazon’s Fire Phone .............................................................................................57
`D.
`Self-Certification of CDD Compliance .................................................................58
`Agreements Relating to Google Assistant and Internet-of-Things Devices ......................61
`A.
`Virtual Assistant Offerings ....................................................................................61
`B.
`Uses of Virtual Assistants ......................................................................................63
`C.
`Google’s Third-Party Assistant Agreements .........................................................66
`The Development of Open-Source Applications ...............................................................70
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`i
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`I.
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`II.
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`III.
`IV.
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`V.
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`VI.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 3 of 83
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`A.
`B.
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`The Role of Early AOSP Apps and Third-Party Alternatives ...............................71
`The Evolution of AOSP Apps................................................................................73
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`ii
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 4 of 83
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`Pursuant to Civil Rule 7(h) of the Rules of the United States District Court for the District
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`of Columbia, Defendant Google LLC hereby submits the following statement of material facts as
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`to which it contends there is no genuine issue. This statement is being submitted in support of
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`Google’s motion for summary judgment as to the claims asserted in both United States, et al. v.
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`Google LLC, No. 1:20-cv-03010-APM (the “DOJ Action”) and State of Colorado, et al. v.
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`Google LLC, No. 1:20-cv-03715-APM (the “Colorado Action”). The claims asserted in only the
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`Colorado Action are addressed in a separate motion for summary judgment and accompanying
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`statement of material facts.
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`I.
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`The Browser Default Agreements
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`A.
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`The Agreements with Apple
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`1.
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`Apple’s Safari Browser and Safari’s Default Search Engine
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`1.
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`Apple released the first version of its Safari web browser to the public in 2003.
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`Apple Unveils Safari, available at https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/01/07Apple-Unveils-
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`Safari/ (Jan. 7, 2003) (Ex. 1).
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`2.
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`Apple decided to make its Safari browser the preinstalled default browser on
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`Apple computers and mobile devices, including the iPhone. Cue (Apple) Tr. 126:3-6 (Ex. 2).
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`3.
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`Before releasing the first version of Safari in 2003, Apple decided that the
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`browser’s interface would include a built-in “search box” that enabled users to search the web by
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`entering a query in the box, without having to first navigate to a search engine’s website or
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`install a search engine’s browser extension. Apple Unveils Safari, available at
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`https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/01/07Apple-Unveils-Safari/ (Jan. 7, 2003) (Ex. 1); Cue
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`(Apple) Tr. 23:13-24:15 (Ex. 2).
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 5 of 83
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`4.
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`Apple concluded that its Safari browser is more appealing to users if they are able
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`to search the web by entering a query in a search box integrated with the browser’s interface.
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`Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 46:22-48:11 (Ex. 3).
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`5.
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`Apple decided before releasing the first version of Safari in 2003 that queries
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`entered in the built-in search box should be routed to one search engine, without the user having
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`to take any further action to select a search engine. Cue (Apple) Tr. 23:13-27:10 (Ex. 2); Apple
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`30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 119:14-120:19 (Ex. 3).
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`6.
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`Apple concluded that its Safari browser is more appealing to users if the browser
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`includes a default search engine to which queries entered in the built-in search box are
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`automatically routed. Cue (Apple) Tr. 24:16-26:8 (Ex. 2); Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 119:14-
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`120:19 (Ex. 3).
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`7.
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`8.
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`In determining which search engine to set as the default in Safari, the most
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`important factor that Apple considers is which search engine will provide the highest-quality
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`results and experience for Apple’s customers. Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 49:20-51:8, 67:2-25,
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`69:3-20, 88:5-12, 120:20-121:24 (Ex. 3).
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`9.
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`Apple has determined that in the U.S. and a number of other countries, Google
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`provides the highest-quality search results and experience for Apple’s customers. Cue (Apple)
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`Tr. 31:18-32:6, 35:12-36:20 (Ex. 2).
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 6 of 83
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`10.
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`Apple has periodically evaluated whether to set a search engine other than Google
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`as the default in Safari in the U.S. Cue (Apple) Tr. 31:8-32:6 (Ex. 2); Giannandrea (Apple) Tr.
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`126:6-127:25, 206:24-209:10, 254:19-255:12 (Ex. 5).
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`11.
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`Each time Apple has evaluated whether to set a search engine other than Google
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`as the default in Safari in the U.S., it has determined that selecting another search engine as the
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`default would be inconsistent with its objective of providing the highest-quality results and
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`experience for Apple’s customers. Cue (Apple) Tr. 31:8-32:6, 35:12-36:20, 66:4-67:11 (Ex. 2);
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`Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 55:3-9, 67:2-25, 121:11-122:14, 146:22-147:18 (Ex. 3); Giannandrea
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`(Apple) Tr. 255:2-258:2 (Ex. 5).
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`12.
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`If Apple had determined that a search engine other than Google would have
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`provided a better user experience for Apple’s customers, then it would have pursued an
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`agreement to make that search engine the default in Safari instead of Google. Apple 30(b)(6)
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`(Cue) Tr. 49:12-51:11, 122:25-124:24 (Ex. 3).
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`2.
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`Apple’s Agreements with Google and Evaluations of Other Search
`Engines
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`13.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 7 of 83
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`14.
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`17.
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`xtwn6>|—=—=——
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 8 of 83
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`18.
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`In 2005, Safari accounted for an estimated 1.3% of worldwide browser usage.
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`Mozilla’s browsers global usage share is 8.69 percent according to OneStat.com, previously
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`available at http://www.onestat.com/html/aboutus_pressbox37.html (Ex. 8).
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`19.
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`In 2005, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was estimated to account for more than
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`80% of worldwide browser usage. Murphy (Google’s Expert) Opening Rep. ¶ 174 Fig. 18 (Ex.
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`9); Mozilla’s browsers global usage share is 8.69 percent according to OneStat.com, previously
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`available at http://www.onestat.com/html/aboutus_pressbox37.html (Ex. 8).
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`20.
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`Apple released the first version of its iPhone to the public in 2007. Apple
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`Reinvents the Phone with iPhone, available at
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`https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone/ (Jan. 9,
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`2007).
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`21.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 9 of 83
`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document555_
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`22.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 10 of 83
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`27.
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`28. When Apple
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`was the best search engine, that Google was continuing to improve, and that Apple’s customers
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`liked Google. Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 41:17-42:3 (Ex. 3).
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`31.
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`Apple released the first version of its iPad to the public in 2010. Apple Launches
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`iPad, available at https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/01/27Apple-Launches-iPad/ (Jan. 27,
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`2010).
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`7
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 11 of 83
`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document555_
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`32.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 12 of 83
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`40. When a new Apple user opens Safari for the first time, default bookmarks for
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`Bing, Google, and Yahoo are each displayed with the same prominence in the Safari browser
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`interface, as indicated in the following image from an iPhone. Cue (Apple) Tr. 237:22-241:9
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`(Ex. 2).
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`41.
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`9
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 13 of 83
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`43.
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`45.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 14 of 83
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`6es26aS+t++mn
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`50.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 15 of 83
`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document555_
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`51.
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`12
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 16 of 83
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`57.
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`The ISA and the amendments thereto have been negotiated at arms-length, with
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`Google and Apple each making compromises to reach an agreement that the parties deem
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`mutually beneficial. Cue (Apple) Tr. 99:2-100:12 (Ex. 2); Apple 30(b)(6) (Cue) Tr. 127:15-
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`128:9 (Ex. 3).
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`58.
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`3.
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`Apple’s Promotion of Other Search Engines
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`61.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`integrating search engines other than Google into the Safari browser. See, e.g.,
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`13
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 17 of 83
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`62.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement specifying which other search
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`engines Apple may integrate into the Safari browser.
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`63.
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`As of 2022, Bing, Yahoo, DuckDuckGo, and Ecosia have been integrated into
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`Safari in the U.S. Perica (Apple) Tr. 54:21-57:6 (Ex. 17); Cue (Apple) Tr. 122:15-24 (Ex. 2).
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`64.
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 18 of 83
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`66.
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`oS~06anSo6oOoOoO=
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`68.
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`69.
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`70.
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`15
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 19 of 83
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`71.
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`72.
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`—nNon+wnéééé
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`75.
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`16
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 20 of 83
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`76.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts an end user from
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`changing the search engine that receives queries entered in Safari’s built-in search box. Cue
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`(Apple) Tr. 108:19-109:7, 244:14-249:11 (Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`77.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`determining how many steps a user must take or which menus a user must navigate in order to
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`change the search engine that receives queries entered in Safari’s built-in search box. Cue
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`(Apple) Tr. 108:19-109:7, 244:14-249:11 (Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`78.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts an end user from
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`navigating to a search engine’s website in the Safari browser by entering the applicable URL.
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`Cue (Apple) Tr. 243:2-6 (Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`79.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`including in the Safari browser a preset or default bookmark for a search engine other than
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`Google that is displayed for the user upon first opening the Safari browser. Cue (Apple) Tr.
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`237:22-241:9 (Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`80.
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`Apple has included in the Safari browser a preset or default bookmark for each of
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`Bing and Yahoo that is displayed to a new Apple user upon first opening the Safari browser.
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`Cue (Apple) Tr. 220:3-221:20 (Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 21 of 83
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`81.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`making any other search engine available in the Apple App Store. Cue (Apple) Tr. 243:7-13
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`(Ex. 2); see, e.g.,
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`82.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`accepting payments from other search engines in exchange for promoting their search
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`applications, search widgets, browsers, or other services in the Apple App Store. See, e.g.,
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`83.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`determining how many steps a user must take or which menus a user must navigate in order to
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`download a search application, search widget, or browser to an Apple device. See, e.g.,
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`84.
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`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
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`determining how many steps a user must take or which menus a user must navigate in order to
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`change the default browser on an Apple device to a browser with a different default search
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`engine, such as Microsoft’s Edge Browser or DuckDuckGo’s Privacy Browser. See, e.g.,
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`85.
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`In 2009, Microsoft released a Bing app for download from the Apple App Store.
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`Bing for mobile comes to the iPhone, available at https://blogs.bing.com/search/2009/12/15/bing-
`
`for-mobile-comes-to-the-iphone (Dec. 15, 2009).
`
`
`
`18
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 22 of 83
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`
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`86.
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`Bing is the default search engine in Microsoft’s Edge Browser, which can be
`
`downloaded from the Apple App Store. Microsoft Edge now available for iOS and Android
`
`(Updated), available at https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/11/30/microsoft-
`
`edge-now-available-for-ios-and-android/ (Nov. 30, 2017).
`
`87.
`
`DuckDuckGo is the only search engine integrated into DuckDuckGo’s Privacy
`
`Browser, which can be downloaded from the Apple App Store. Weinberg (DuckDuckGo) Tr.
`
`217:24-218:24 (Ex. 29).
`
`88.
`
`In some versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system, such as Windows
`
`11 in S Mode, it is not possible for a user to change the default search engine from Bing to
`
`Google in Microsoft’s Edge Browser. Windows 10 and Windows 11 in S mode FAQ, available at
`
`https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-and-windows-11-in-s-mode-faq-
`
`851057d6-1ee9-b9e5-c30b-93baebeebc85#WindowsVersion=Windows_11.
`
`89.
`
`It is not possible for a user to change the default search engine from DuckDuckGo
`
`to Google in DuckDuckGo’s Privacy Browser. Weinberg (DuckDuckGo) Tr. 217:24-218:24
`
`(Ex. 29).
`
`90.
`
`Google has marketed its Chrome browser to Apple device users since 2012, and it
`
`is available through the Apple App Store alongside other browsers such as Microsoft’s Edge.
`
`Chrome & Apps @ Google I/O: Your web, everywhere, available at
`
`https://blog.google/products/chrome/chrome-apps-google-io-your-web/ (June 28, 2012);
`
`Whinston (DOJ Pls.’ Expert) 214:20-215:4 (Ex. 4).
`
`91.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that requires Apple to make
`
`Safari the only preinstalled web browser on any Apple device. See, e.g.,
`
`
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`
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`
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`19
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`

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`92.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that restricts Apple from
`
`preinstalling a search application or widget on the home screen or desktop of any Apple device.
`
`See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`93.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that places a contractual cap
`
`or limit on the number of Apple customers who can use a search engine other than Google. See,
`
`e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`94.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that authorizes Google to
`
`terminate the contract or alter the payment terms if a particular number of Apple customers use a
`
`rival search engine. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`95.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement that requires Apple to ensure
`
`that any particular volume of search traffic flows to Google. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`96.
`
`Google and Apple have never entered an agreement in which the revenue share
`
`percentage varied based on the amount of search traffic that flowed to search engines other than
`
`Google. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`B.
`
`The Agreements with Mozilla
`
`1.
`
`Mozilla’s Firefox Browser and Its Default Search Engine
`
`97.
`
`The Mozilla Foundation was established in 2003 as “a non-profit organization
`
`dedicated to preserving choice and promoting innovation on the Internet.” Mozilla Foundation
`
`releases the highly anticipated Mozilla Firefox 1.0 web browser, available at
`
`
`
`20
`
`

`

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`https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2004/11/mozilla-foundation-releases-the-highly-anticipated-
`
`mozilla-firefox-1-0-web-browser/ (Nov. 9, 2004) (Ex. 30).
`
`98. Mozilla released the first version of its Firefox web browser to the public in 2004.
`
`Mozilla Foundation releases the highly anticipated Mozilla Firefox 1.0 web browser, available at
`
`https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2004/11/mozilla-foundation-releases-the-highly-anticipated-
`
`mozilla-firefox-1-0-web-browser/ (Nov. 9, 2004) (Ex. 30).
`
`99.
`
`Before releasing the first version of Firefox to the public, Mozilla decided that the
`
`browser’s interface would include a built-in “search box” that enabled users to search the web by
`
`entering a query in the box, without having to first navigate to a search engine’s website or
`
`install a search engine’s browser extension. Mozilla Foundation releases the highly anticipated
`
`Mozilla Firefox 1.0 web browser, available at https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2004/11/mozilla-
`
`foundation-releases-the-highly-anticipated-mozilla-firefox-1-0-web-browser/ (Nov. 9, 2004) (Ex.
`
`30); Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 47:24-49:15 (Ex. 31).
`
`100. Mozilla decided before releasing the first version of Firefox in 2004 that queries
`
`entered in the built-in search box should be routed to one search engine, without the user having
`
`to take any further action to select a search engine. Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 46:24-47:23, 51:20-54-
`
`16 (Ex. 31).
`
`101. Mozilla determined that the Firefox browser is more appealing to users if the
`
`browser includes a default search engine to which queries entered in the built-in search box are
`
`automatically routed. Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 46:24-49:11, 55:2-56:7 (Ex. 31).
`
`102.
`
`In designing and updating the Firefox browser, Mozilla has determined that
`
`multiple search engines should be integrated into the product and that users should be able to
`
`
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`21
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`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 25 of 83
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`
`
`choose a different search engine if they wish to do so. Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 47:24-49:15, 55:2-
`
`56:7 (Ex. 31).
`
`103. Mozilla has determined that the quality of the integrated search experience
`
`offered by the web browser is one of the most critical characteristics or features of the browser.
`
`Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 33:21-34:14 (Ex. 31).
`
`
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`
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`104.
`
`105.
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`106.
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`107.
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`108.
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`2.
`
`Mozilla’s Agreements with Google and Evaluations of Other Search
`Engines
`
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`
`
`22
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`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 26 of 83
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`109.
`
`110.
`
`anSaSo———__
`
`111.
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`||;
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`23
`oyN
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 27 of 83
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`
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`112.
`
`In 2004, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was estimated to account for
`
`approximately 90% of worldwide browser usage on desktop computers. Murphy (Google’s
`
`Expert) Opening Rep. ¶ 174 Fig. 18 (Ex. 9).
`
`113.
`
`
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`
`114.
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`115.
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`116.
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`24
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 28 of 83
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`117.
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`118.
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`119. Between 2009 and 2011, Firefox was the second most widely used browser in the
`
`U.S., with an estimated 20% or more of browser usage share in the U.S. during that period.
`
`Murphy (Google’s Expert) Opening Rep. ¶ 282 Fig. 23 (Ex. 9).
`
`120. Between 2009 and 2011, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer remained the most widely
`
`used browser in the U.S. Murphy Opening Rep. ¶ 282 Fig. 23 (Ex. 9).
`
`
`
`25
`
`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 29 of 83
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`121.
`
`122.
`
`=NonxtNNNQ————
`
`123.
`
`124.
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`
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`==
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`
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`26
`°N
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 30 of 83
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`125.
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`126. Mozilla decided in 2014 that it would set Yahoo, rather than Google, as the
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`default search engine in the Firefox browser in the U.S. Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 69:22-70:3 (Ex. 31).
`
`127.
`
`
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`128. By 2014 Google’s Chrome browser, which was released in 2008, was estimated to
`
`have approximately the same share of browser usage on desktop computers in the U.S. as
`
`Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser. Murphy (Google’s Expert) Opening Rep. ¶ 199 Fig. 19
`
`(Ex. 9).
`
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`27
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`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 31 of 83
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`
`
`129. Firefox was estimated to be the fourth most widely used browser in the U.S. in
`
`2014, behind Chrome, Safari, and Internet Explorer. Murphy (Google’s Expert) Opening Rep. ¶
`
`282 Fig. 23 (Ex. 9).
`
`130.
`
`
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`131.
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`132. Mozilla announced to the public in November 2014 that Yahoo would be the
`
`default search engine in Firefox in the U.S., and Mozilla switched the default search engine from
`
`Google to Yahoo for Firefox users in the U.S. beginning with the release of Firefox version 34 in
`
`
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`28
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`
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`
`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 32 of 83
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`
`
`December 2014. Yahoo and Mozilla Form Strategic Partnership, available at
`
`https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2014/11/yahoo-and-mozilla-form-strategic-partnership/ (Nov. 19,
`
`2014); Firefox Release Notes for Release 34.0.5, available at https://www.mozilla.org/en-
`
`US/firefox/34.0.5/releasenotes/ (Dec. 1, 2014).
`
`133.
`
`134.
`
`135.
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`136.
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`137.
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`29
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`

`

`138.
`
`139.
`
`140.
`
`141.
`
`142.
`
`ooaS=Qlononon+tttt======
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 33 of 83
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`143.
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`30
`So
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`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 34 of 83
`
`144.
`
`145.
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`146.
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`a
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`+twn6|———
`mna
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`31
`—vn
`
`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 35 of 83
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`147.
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`148.
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`es26aS=tt+twnin=====
`
`149.
`
`150.
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`151.
`
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`32
`Non
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`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 36 of 83
`
`152.
`
`153.
`
`154.
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`155.
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`156.
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`3.
`
`Mozilla’s Promotion of Other Search Engines
`
`157. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that restricts Mozilla from
`
`integrating search engines other than Google into the Firefox browser. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`33
`
`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 37 of 83
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`158. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement specifying which other
`
`search engines Mozilla may integrate into the Firefox browser. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`159. Mozilla has integrated search engines other than Google into the Firefox browser
`
`since it released the first version of Firefox to the public in 2004. Mozilla Foundation releases
`
`the highly anticipated Mozilla Firefox 1.0 web browser, available at
`
`https://blog.mozilla.org/press/2004/11/mozilla-foundation-releases-the-highly-anticipated-
`
`mozilla-firefox-1-0-web-browser/ (Nov. 9, 2004) (Ex. 30); Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 41:24-44:8 (Ex.
`
`31).
`
`160.
`
`161.
`
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`34
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`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 38 of 83
`
`162.
`
`163.
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`164. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that restricts an end user
`
`from changing the default search engine that receives queries entered in Firefox’s built-in search
`
`box. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`165. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that restricts Mozilla from
`
`determining how many steps a user must take or which menus a user must navigate in order to
`
`change the default search engine that receives queries entered in Firefox’s built-in search box.
`
`See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`166. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that restricts an end user
`
`from navigating to a search engine’s website in the Firefox browser by entering the applicable
`
`URL. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`35
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`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 39 of 83
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`167. Mozilla has displayed “This time, search with” messaging that allows end users to
`
`send their queries to other search engines at the moment the user is entering a search in Firefox’s
`
`built-in search box. Get where you’re going faster, with Firefox Suggest, available at
`
`https://blog.mozilla.org/en/products/firefox/firefox-news/firefox-suggest/; Baker (Mozilla) Tr.
`
`88:3-92:25 (Ex. 31).
`
`168. Mozilla has displayed clickable icons for Bing, DuckDuckGo, and other search
`
`engines that enable end users to send their queries to those search engines with a single click or
`
`tap in the Firefox browser. Get where you’re going faster, with Firefox Suggest, available at
`
`https://blog.mozilla.org/en/products/firefox/firefox-news/firefox-suggest/; Baker (Mozilla) Tr.
`
`88:3-92:25 (Ex. 31).
`
`169. Mozilla has introduced a “search shortcuts” feature, which allows Firefox users to
`
`assign their own keywords for search engines (such as @ddg for DuckDuckGo or @shopping for
`
`Amazon) to make it easier for users to perform a search using those search engines. Assign
`
`shortcuts to search engines, available at https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/assign-shortcuts-
`
`search-engines.
`
`170. Mozilla has displayed sponsored tiles or shortcuts for other search services,
`
`including Amazon, on the default home page and new tab page in the Firefox browser.
`
`Sponsored shortcuts on the New Tab page, available at https://support.mozilla.org/en-
`
`US/kb/sponsor-privacy; Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 40:11-42:14 (Ex. 31).
`
`171. Mozilla receives revenue in exchange for placing sponsored tiles or shortcuts for
`
`other search services, including Amazon, on the default home page and new tab page in the
`
`Firefox browser. Baker (Mozilla) Tr. 40:11-42:14 (Ex. 31).
`
`
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`36
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`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 40 of 83
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`172. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that places a contractual cap
`
`or limit on the number of Firefox users who can use a search engine other than Google. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`173. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that authorizes Google to
`
`terminate the contract or alter the payment terms if a particular number of Firefox users use a
`
`rival search engine. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`174. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement that requires Mozilla to
`
`ensure that any particular volume of search traffic flows to Google. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`175. Google and Mozilla have never entered an agreement in which the revenue share
`
`percentage varied based on the amount of search traffic that flowed to search engines other than
`
`
`
`Google. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`C.
`
`The Agreements with Other Browser and Software Developers
`
`1.
`
` The Agreements with Opera and UC Web
`
`176. Google and Opera have never entered an agreement that restricts Opera from
`
`integrating search engines other than Google Search into the Opera browser. See, e.g.,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Opera Help: Search, https://help.opera.com/en/latest/search/.
`
`177. Google and Opera have never entered an agreement that restricts Opera from
`
`accepting payments from other search engines in exchange for directing traffic to those search
`
`
`
`37
`
`

`

`Case 1:20-cv-03010-APM Document 555 Filed 03/13/23 Page 41 of 83
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`engines in the Opera browser. See, e.g.,
`
`
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`178. Google and Opera have never entered an agreement that restricts an end user fro