Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 1 of 19
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 1 of 19
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`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 2 of 19
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`IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF GWINNETT COUNTY
`STATE OF GEORGIA
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`) CIVIL ACTION No.
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`MARK WALTERS,
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`Plaintiff,
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`v.
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`OpenAI, L.L.C.,
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`Defendant.
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`COMPLAINT
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`Plaintiff Mark Walters (“Walters”) states the following as his Complaint:
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`1. Walters is a natural person, citizen of the United States, and resident of the State of
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`Georgia.
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`2. Defendant OpenAI, L.L.C. (“OAI”) is a limited liability company created under
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`the laws of the State of Delaware.
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`3. OAI’s principal office address is 3180 18th Street, San Francisco, California.
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`4. OAI is registered to do business in the State of Georgia, with a registered address
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`at 2 Sun Court, Suite 400, Peachtree Corners, Gwinnett County, Georgia.
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`5. OAI has an artificial intelligence chat platform, known as ChatGPT.
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`6. Users of ChatGPT can interact with the platform in a conversational way, as though
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`they are interacting with a human.
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`7. ChatGPT can respond to inquiries with sophisticated detail.
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`8. Fred Riehl is a third party who works for a media outlet as a journalist and who is
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`a subscriber of ChatGPT.
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`9. On May 4, 2023, Riehl interacted with ChatGPT about a lawsuit (the “Lawsuit”)
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`that Riehl was reporting on.
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 3 of 19
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`10. The Lawsuit is in federal court in the Western District of Washington, case No. 2-
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`23-cv-00647, with short caption of The Second Amendment Foundation v. Robert
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`Ferguson.
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`11. The two defendants in the Lawsuit are Robert Ferguson, the Washington Attorney
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`General, and Joshua Studor, the Washington Assistant Attorney General.
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`12. The plaintiffs in the Lawsuit are the Second Amendment Foundation and others,
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`including Alan Gottlieb.
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`13. Walters is neither a plaintiff nor a defendant in the Lawsuit.
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`14. In the interaction with ChatGPT, Riehl provided a (correct) URL of a link to the
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`complaint
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`on
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`the
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`Second Amendment
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`Foundation’s web
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`site,
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`https://www.saf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Dkt-1-Complaint.pdf.
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`15. Riehl asked ChatGPT to provide a summary of the accusations in the complaint.
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`16. ChatGPT responded that the document “[I]s a legal complaint filed by Alan
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`Gottlieb, the founder and executive vice president of the Second Amendment
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`Foundation (SAF), against Mark Walters, who is accused of defrauding and
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`embezzling funds from the SAF. The complaint alleges that Walters, who served
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`as the organization's treasurer and chief financial officer, misappropriated funds for
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`personal expenses without authorization or reimbursement, manipulated financial
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`records and bank statements to conceal his activities, and failed to provide accurate
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`and timely financial reports and disclosures to the SAF's leadership. The plaintiff
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`seeks various forms of relief, including the recovery of misappropriated funds,
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`damages for breach of fiduciary duty and fraud, and removal of Walters from his
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`position as a member of the SAF's board of directors.”
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 4 of 19
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`17. Every statement of fact in the summary pertaining to Walters is false.
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`18. As already noted, Walters is not a party to the Lawsuit.
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`19. Walters is not accused of defrauding and embezzling funds from the Second
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`Amendment Foundation (“SAF”).
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`20. The complaint does not allege that Walters served as SAF’s treasurer or chief
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`financial officer, and he has never held either position.
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`21. The complaint does not allege that Walters misappropriated funds for personal
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`expenses, manipulated financial records or bank statements, or failed to provide
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`financial reports to SAF leadership, nor would he have been in a position to do so
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`because he has no employment or official relationship with SAF.
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`22. The complaint does not seek any relief from Walters.
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`23. The complaint has nothing at all to do with financial accounting claims against
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`anyone.
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`24. Riehl asked ChatGPT to provide him with a copy of the portion of the complaint
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`related to Walters.
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`25. ChatGPT responded, “Certainly, here is the paragraph from the complaint that
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`concerns Walters: ‘Defendant Mark Walters ("Walters") is an individual who
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`resides in Georgia. Walters has served as the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
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`of SAF since at least 2012. Walters has access to SAF's bank accounts and financial
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`records and is responsible for maintaining those records and providing financial
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`reports to SAF's board of directors. Walters owes SAF a fiduciary duty of loyalty
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`and care, and is required to act in good faith and with the best interests of SAF in
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`mind. Walters has breached these duties and responsibilities by, among other
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`3
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 5 of 19
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`things, embezzling and misappropriating SAF's funds and assets for his own
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`benefit, and manipulating SAF's financial records and bank statements to conceal
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`his activities.’”
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`26. Riehl then asked ChatGPT to provide the entire text of the complaint.
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`27. ChatGPT provided the text in Exhibit 1 to this Complaint.
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`28. Exhibit 1 is a complete fabrication and bears no resemblance to the actual
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`complaint, including an erroneous case number.
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`29. None of ChatGPT’s statements concerning Walters are in the actual complaint.
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`30. OAI is aware that ChatGPT sometimes makes up facts, and refers to this
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`phenomenon as a “hallucination.”
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`31. Riehl contacted Gottlieb regarding ChatGPT’s allegations concerning Walters, and
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`Gottlieb confirmed that they were false.
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`32. ChatGPT’s allegations concerning Walters were false and malicious, expressed in
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`print, writing, pictures, or signs, tending to injure Walter’s reputation and exposing
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`him to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule.
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`33. By sending the allegations to Riehl, OAI published libelous matter regarding
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`Walters.
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`34. The communication from OAI to Riehl was not privileged.
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`35. OAI was negligent in its communication to Riehl regarding Walters.
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`36. OAI knew or should have known its communication to Riehl regarding Walters
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`was false, or recklessly disregarded the falsity of the communication.
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`37. OAI’s communication to Riehl was libelous per se.
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`Demand for Relief
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 6 of 19
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`Walters demands the following relief:
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`38. General damages in an amount to be determined at trial.
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`39. Punitive damages in an amount to be determined at trial.
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`40. The costs of bringing and maintaining this action, including reasonable attorney’s
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`fees.
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`41. A jury to try this case.
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`42. Any other relief the court deems proper.
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`/s/ John R. Monroe
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`John R. Monroe
`John Monroe Law, P.C.
`Attorney for Plaintiff
`156 Robert Jones Road
`Dawsonville, Ga 30534
`678-362-7650
`jrm@johnmonroelaw.com
`State Bar No. 516193
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 7 of 19
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 7 of 19
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`VERIFICATION
`I certify that I have read the foregoing claim. To the best of my knowledge,
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`information,and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well groundedin fact and is
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`warrantedby existing law or a good faith argumentfor the extension, modification, or
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`reversal of existing law; and the act formingthe basis for the claim is not a privileged
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`communication under paragraph (4) of Code Section 51-5-57; andthat the claim is not
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`interposed for any improper purpose such as to suppress a person’s or entity’s right of
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`free speech or right to petition government, or to harass, or cause unnecessary delay or
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`needless increase in the costoflitigation.
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`a Za oe
`LLC ZB
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`Mark Walters
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`The above-named Mark Walters appeared before me personally on the
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`_2— day of June,
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`2023 in ¢ hewoke-—<. County, Georgia and subscribed to and sworeto this
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`document.
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`Notary Public
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`a, COUNTY. oe
`“Haw
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 8 of 19
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`VERIFICATION
`I certify that I have read the for~going claim. To the best of my knowledge,
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`information, and belief formed after re~sonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is
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`'
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`'
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`warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or
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`reversal of existing law; and the act forming the basis for the claim is not a privileged
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`I
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`communication under paragraph (4) o~Code Section 51-5-57; and that the claim is not
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`interposed for any improper purpose stlch as to suppress a person's or entity's right of
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`free speech or right to petition government, or to harass, or c
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`needless increase in the cost of litigation.
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`The above-named John R. Monroe appeared before me personally on the ;-- day of
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`June, 2023 in lq ""'" l/ fl
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`I
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`document.
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`County, Georgia and subscribed to and swore to this
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`I~~
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`Notary Public
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`---------
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`CK;leen L. FQntain.e
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`NOTARY PUBLIC
`Lumpkin Coun~
`State of Georgia
`Comm. Expires May 9, 2025
`-------~
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`': · ...
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`7
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 9 of 19
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 9 of 19
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`VERIFICATION
`I declare underpenalty of perjury that the statementsof fact involving my
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`interactionwithChatGPTcontainedin thiscomplaintaretrue andcorrect. J.
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`Fred Riehl
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`The above-named Fred Riehl appeared before me personally onthe = J dayof June,
`2023 in _{ C CALS
`County, State of
`_/ F )
`and subscribed to and swore to
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`seen
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`this document.
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`Quel J vh2-
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`CHRISTINE RIEHL
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`Notary Public, State of New Jersey
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`My Commission Expires 12/16/2097
`5 D-V
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 10 of 19
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`EXHIBIT 1 – Complaint Provided to Riehl by ChatGPT
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`Certainly, here is the complete document:
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT
`SEATTLE
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`ALAN M. GOTTLIEB, individually and as Founder and Executive Vice President of the
`Second Amendment Foundation, Plaintiff, v. MARK WALTERS, an individual,
`Defendant.
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`Case No. 2:23-cv-00555
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`COMPLAINT
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`Plaintiff Alan M. Gottlieb ("Gottlieb" or "Plaintiff"), individually and as Founder and
`Executive Vice President of the Second Amendment Foundation ("SAF"), brings this
`action against Defendant Mark Walters ("Walters") for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud,
`and other claims arising from Walters' misappropriation of SAF's funds and assets for his
`own benefit, and his manipulation of SAF's financial records and bank statements to
`conceal his activities. Plaintiff alleges as follows:
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`NATURE OF THE ACTION
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` This is an action for damages and other relief arising from the Defendant's breaches of
`his fiduciary duties and other misconduct while serving as the Treasurer and Chief
`Financial Officer of SAF. Specifically, Defendant has embezzled and misappropriated
`SAF's funds and assets for his own benefit, manipulated SAF's financial records and bank
`statements to conceal his activities, and failed to provide accurate and timely financial
`reports and disclosures to SAF's leadership. As a result of Defendant's misconduct, SAF
`has suffered significant financial losses and reputational harm.
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`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
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` This Court has jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332 because the
`matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and
`costs, and is between citizens of different states. Plaintiff is a citizen of Washington.
`Defendant is a citizen of Georgia.
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` Venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) because a substantial
`part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claims occurred in this judicial district,
`and Defendant resides in Georgia.
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`PARTIES
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`9
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 11 of 19
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` Plaintiff Alan M. Gottlieb is an individual who resides in Washington. Gottlieb is the
`Founder and Executive Vice President of SAF. Gottlieb has been a member of SAF's
`board of directors since its inception in 1974 and has served as its Executive Vice
`President since 1981. As a member of SAF's board of directors and its Executive Vice
`President, Gottlieb owes SAF a fiduciary duty of loyalty and care, and is required to act
`in good faith and with the best interests of SAF in mind.
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` Defendant Mark Walters ("Walters") is an individual who resides in Georgia. Walters
`has served as the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of SAF since at least 2012.
`Walters has access to SAF's bank accounts and financial records and is responsible for
`maintaining those records and providing financial reports to SAF's board of directors.
`Walters owes SAF a fiduciary duty of loyalty and care, and is required to act in good
`faith and with the best interests of SAF in mind. Walters has breached these duties and
`responsibilities by, among other things, embezzling and misappropriating SAF's funds
`and assets for his own benefit, and manipulating SAF's financial records and bank
`statements to conceal his activities.
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`FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS
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`I. SAF and its Mission
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` The Second Amendment Foundation is a non-profit organization that advocates for the
`right to bear arms, educates the public on firearm safety and related issues, and conducts
`research on firearms and the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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` SAF was founded in 1974 by Gottlieb and a group of firearms enthusiasts in Seattle,
`Washington. Since then, SAF has grown into a leading organization in the firearms rights
`movement, with a national and international presence. SAF's activities include litigation,
`public education, and advocacy on behalf of gun owners and other supporters of the
`Second Amendment.
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`II. Walters' Misconduct
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` Since at least 2012, Walters has served as the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of
`SAF. In that capacity, Walters has had access to SAF's bank accounts and financial
`records, and has been responsible for maintaining those records and providing financial
`reports to SAF's board of directors.
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` Walters owes SAF a fiduciary duty of loyalty and care, and is required to act in good
`faith and with the best interests of SAF in mind. Despite this duty, Walters has engaged
`in a pattern of misconduct designed to enrich himself at SAF's expense and conceal his
`activities from SAF's leadership.
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`10
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 12 of 19
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` Specifically, Walters has embezzled and misappropriated SAF's funds and assets for
`his own benefit, including by using SAF's funds to pay for personal expenses such as
`vacations, gifts, and clothing without authorization or reimbursement.
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` Walters has also manipulated SAF's financial records and bank statements to conceal
`his activities, including by making false entries and omitting relevant information.
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` In addition, Walters has failed to provide accurate and timely financial reports and
`disclosures to SAF's leadership, thereby hindering their ability to oversee the
`organization's financial operations and make informed decisions.
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` As a result of Walters' misconduct, SAF has suffered significant financial losses and
`reputational harm. Plaintiffs believe that Walters' misappropriation of funds is in excess
`of $5,000,000.
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`COUNT I
`(Breach of Fiduciary Duty)
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` Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference the preceding paragraphs.
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` Walters owes SAF a fiduciary duty of loyalty and care, and is required to act in good
`faith and with the best interests of SAF in mind.
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` Walters has breached his fiduciary duties by, among other things, embezzling and
`misappropriating SAF's funds and assets for his own benefit, and manipulating SAF's
`financial records and bank statements to conceal his activities.
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` Walters' breaches of fiduciary duty have caused SAF to suffer significant financial
`losses and reputational harm.
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` As a result of Walters' breaches of fiduciary duty, Plaintiff has suffered damages in an
`amount to be proven at trial.
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` Plaintiff is entitled to recover damages for Walters' breaches of fiduciary duty, as well
`as any other relief that the Court deems just and equitable.
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`COUNT II
`(Fraud)
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` Plaintiff realleges and incorporates by reference the preceding paragraphs.
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` Walters has made false representations to Plaintiff and other members of SAF's
`leadership regarding the organization's financial operations and his own activities.
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` Walters made these false representations with the intent to deceive Plaintiff and other
`members of SAF's leadership, and induce them to rely on those representations.
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 13 of 19
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` Plaintiff and other members of SAF's leadership reasonably relied on Walters' false
`representations to their detriment.
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` Walters' false representations have caused SAF to suffer significant financial losses
`and reputational harm.
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` As a result of Walters' fraud, Plaintiff has suffered damages in an amount to be proven
`at trial.
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` Plaintiff is entitled to recover damages for Walters' fraud, as well as any other relief
`that the Court deems just and equitable.
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`PRAYER FOR RELIEF
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`WHEREFORE, Plaintiff Alan M. Gottlieb, individually and as Founder and Executive
`Vice President of the Second Amendment Foundation, respectfully requests that this
`Court enter judgment in favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant Mark Walters as
`follows:
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`A. Awarding damages to Plaintiff for Defendant's breaches of fiduciary duty and fraud, in
`an amount to be proven at trial;
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`B. Removing Defendant
`User
`can you complete this section?
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`"WHEREFORE, Plaintiff Alan M. Gottlieb, individually and as Founder and Executive
`Vice President of the Second Amendment Foundation, respectfully requests that this
`Court enter judgment in favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant Mark Walters as
`follows:
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`A. Awarding damages to Plaintiff for Defendant's breaches of fiduciary duty and fraud, in
`an amount to be proven at trial;
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`B. Removing Defendant Walters from his position as a member of SAF's board of
`directors and any other positions of authority or influence he holds with SAF;
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`C. Ordering Defendant Walters to account for and disgorge all funds and assets that he
`has embezzled or misappropriated from SAF, together with interest;
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`D. Awarding Plaintiff punitive damages in an amount to be proven at trial;
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`E. Awarding Plaintiff its costs and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred in prosecuting this
`action; and
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`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 14 of 19
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`F. Granting such other relief as the Court deems just and equitable.
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`E-FILED IN OFFICE - SP
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 15 of 19
`CLERK OF SUPERIOR COURT
`GWINNETT COUNTY, GEORGIA
`23-A-04860-2
`6/5/2023 4:43 PM
`TIANA P. GARNER, CLERK
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`General Civil and Domestic Relations Case Filing Information Form
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`Gwinnett
`(cid:1798) Superior or (cid:1798) State Court of ______________________________ County
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`■
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`For Clerk Use Only
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`Date Filed _________________________
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`23-A-04860-2
`Case Number _________________________
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`Plaintiff(s) Defendant(s)
`Walters
`Mark
`OpenAI, L.L.C.
`__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
`Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix
`__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
`Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix
`__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
`Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix
`__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
`Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix Last First Middle I. Suffix Prefix
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`John Monroe
`516193
`Plaintiff’s Attorney ________________________________________ Bar Number __________________ Self-Represented (cid:1798)
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`Check One Case Type in One Box
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`I hereby certify that the documents in this filing, including attachments and exhibits, satisfy the requirements for
`redaction of personal or confidential information in O.C.G.A. § 9-11-7.1.
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`Is an interpreter needed in this case? If so, provide the language(s) required. ________________________________
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`E-FILED IN OFFICE - SP
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 16 of 19
`CLERK OF SUPERIOR COURT
`GWINNETT COUNTY, GEORGIA
`23-A-04860-2
`IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF GWINNETT COUNTY
`6/5/2023 4:43 PM
`TIANA P. GARNER, CLERK
`
`STATE OF GEORGIA
`
`Mark Walters
`_______________________________________
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`_______________________________________
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`(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:3)
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`PLAINTIFF
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`CIVIL ACTION
`NUMBER:
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`23-A-04860-2
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`(cid:3)
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`VS.
`OpenAI, L.L.C.
`_______________________________________
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`(cid:3)
`John R. Monroe
`156 Robert Jones Road
`Dawsonville, Ga 30534
`
`(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:68)
`
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`6th day of June, 2023
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`
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`
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`(cid:3)
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`

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`23-A-04860-2
`Case Number _________________________
`
`E-FILED IN OFFICE - SP
`Case 1:23-cv-03122-MLB Document 1-1 Filed 07/14/23 Page 17 of 19
`CLERK OF SUPERIOR COURT
`