`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
`
`
`
`Case No. _
`
`
`
`
`
`ROLLIE BUCHANAN, DAVIN
`CARD, KIM AND FRED MARTIN
`FERGUSON, KEVIN FLYNN,
`PHILIPPE GEYSKENS, ROBERT
`HOFFMAN, ERIC and MARIELA
`KOTOUN, ARTHUR KRICHEVSKY,
`ELSIE SAKS, STEVEN SALHANICK,
`MARK SILBER, ROBERT and TONI
`TUBBE, and DONNA URBEN,
`individually and on behalf of all others
`similarly situated,
`
`
`Plaintiffs,
`
`
`
`
`
`v.
`
`
`Volvo Car USA, LLC, Volvo Cars of
`North America, LLC, and Volvo
`Personvagnar AB, et al.,
`
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`INTRODUCTION
`Plaintiffs Rollie Buchanan, Davin Card, Kim and Fred Martin
`1.
`Ferguson, Kevin Flynn, Philippe Geyskens, Robert Hoffman, Eric and Mariela
`Kotoun, Arthur Krichevsky, Elsie Saks, Steven Salhanick, Mark Silber, Robert and
`Toni Tubbe, and Donna Urben (“Plaintiffs”) bring this action for themselves and on
`behalf of all similarly situated persons ("Class Members") in the United States who
`purchased or leased any 2013-2016 Volvo vehicle equipped with 2.0L 4-cylinder or
`2.5L 5-cylinder engines (“Class Vehicles”) against Volvo Car USA, LLC
`
`
`
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`(“VCUSA”), Volvo Cars of North America, LLC (“VCNA”), and Volvo
`Personvagnar AB (“Volvo AB”) (collectively "Volvo" or "Defendants"). The
`allegations herein are based on personal knowledge as to Plaintiffs' own experiences
`and are made as to other matters based on an investigation by counsel, including
`analysis of publicly available information.
`This is a consumer class action concerning a failure to disclose material
`2.
`facts and a safety concern to consumers.
`Defendant Volvo AB designed and manufactured the Class Vehicles,
`3.
`Defendant VCUSA imported, manufactured, distributed and marketed the Class
`Vehicles, and Defendant VCNA imported, distributed, warranted, marketed, and
`sold the Class Vehicles through its extensive network of authorized dealerships in
`the United States. Defendant VCNA also provides service and maintenance for the
`Class Vehicle at dealers and service providers nationwide, and trains dealers and
`services providers, using information provided by Volvo AB.
`Defendants sold, directly or indirectly, through their agent dealers and
`4.
`other retail outlets, the Class Vehicles throughout the United States, without
`disclosing that the Class Vehicles were equipped with defective 2.0L 4-cylinder or
`2.5L 5-cylinders engines (“Subject Engines”).
`Volvo wrongfully and intentionally concealed a defect in the design,
`5.
`manufacture, and/or workmanship of the piston rings and/or pistons/piston heads in
`the Subject Engines. Here, the piston rings cannot properly clear engine oil off the
`side of the cylinder wall during the downstroke and instead push that oil up where it
`can coat the top of the piston head, enter the combustion chamber, and ignite (“Piston
`2
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`
`
`
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`Defect” or “Defect”). Specifically, the oil control ring, the lowest ring on the piston,
`is defective and does not properly allow the oil from the cylinder wall to drain. Over
`time, this continual burning of oil damages the piston rings and piston heads,
`allowing even more oil to ignite, further destroying the piston head, the cylinder
`head and other engine components. It also causes the vehicle to lose power, both
`incrementally over time and catastrophically at one time, because some of the
`oxygen usually ignited in the combustion chamber which powers the vehicle is being
`used to burn the excess oil in the cylinder, and as the piston head and cylinder head
`become damaged, power generated by the combustion is dissipated rather than being
`used to spin the crankshaft to power the vehicle.
`The Piston Defect causes the engine to consume an excessive amount
`6.
`of oil because the pistons are pushing oil from the cylinder up into the combustion
`chamber. It also causes the pistons and the engine itself to fail because the pistons
`and other engine components that require oil to minimize friction are not adequately
`lubricated. The Piston Defect also results in the shrapnel of the fragments of the
`piston rings, as they degrade, and/or minute fragments of the piston head, to circulate
`throughout the engine, damaging other engine components. For example, cylinder
`scoring, which results in even more oil loss, is a frequent result of the Piston Defect.
`As a result of the Piston Defect, Plaintiffs and Class Members incur out of pocket
`costs to repair or replace the damaged engine parts or their entire engine. A
`replacement of the piston rings and/or pistons costs thousands of dollars, and the
`cost for replacing a Subject Engine is well over $10,000.
`
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`The Piston Defect in the Subject Engines also presents a safety risk for
`7.
`Plaintiffs and Class Members, because when a piston or pistons suddenly and
`unexpectedly fail, the Class Vehicles immediately lose engine power. A sudden loss
`of power poses a clear-cut safety risk - it can prevent the driver from accelerating,
`maintaining speed, engaging the brakes and even adequately controlling the steering
`wheel, all of which drastically increase the risk of collisions, and puts other drivers,
`passengers and pedestrians in danger.
`The Piston Defect also causes substantial damage. In addition to
`8.
`destroying critical engine components, it causes further damage throughout the
`powertrain of the Class Vehicles as shards of the pistons, piston heads and/or piston
`rings are circulating throughout the engine and fuel system.
`By way of explanation, in internal combustion engines, the piston is a
`9.
`fast-moving metal component contained within a cylinder. Piston rings attached at
`the piston head make the piston gas-tight. A piston's purpose is to transfer force from
`expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting
`rod. In most, if not all, mass produced internal combustion car engines, the intake,
`compression, combustion and exhaust processes take place above the piston in the
`cylinder head, which forces the piston to move up and down within the cylinder,
`thereby causing the crankshaft to turn. The piston is subjected to tremendous forces
`and heat during normal engine operation.
`10. Specifically, the piston rings and/or piston heads in the Class Vehicles'
`Subject Engines are defective in that they cause excessive oil consumption and
`crack, fracture, or splinter. The damage to the pistons causes immediate loss of
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`compression within the engine cylinder and causes the remnants of the pistons to
`circulate throughout the fuel system of the Class Vehicles. These failures often occur
`before the engine reaches 75,000 miles, resulting in a lifespan well short of the class
`members' expectations and the industry standard for similar engines. In fact, the
`Subject Engines were designed to reach a minimum of 200,000 miles of use with
`proper maintenance. As such, the integral engine components such as the piston
`rings and piston heads, are designed and expected to last the lifetime of the engine.
`11. The Piston Defect is inherent in each Class Vehicle and was present at
`the time of sale.
`12. Volvo undertook affirmative measures to conceal the Piston Defect
`through, among other things, Technical Journals ("TJs") that VCNA issued to its
`authorized repair facilities (but not to the class members themselves).
`13. Volvo was sufficiently aware of the Piston Defect from: pre-production
`testing; design failure mode analysis; aggregate purchases of replacement piston
`rings, pistons, and engines; class member calls to its customer service hotline; and
`customer complaints made directly to its agent dealers. However, this knowledge
`and information was exclusively in the possession of Volvo and its network of
`dealers who are Defendants' agents for repairs and, therefore, unavailable to
`consumers.
`14. The Piston Defect is material because it poses a serious safety concern.
`As attested by Class Members in scores of complaints to the National Highway
`Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”), and other online forums, the Piston
`Defect can impair any driver's ability to control his or her vehicle and greatly
`5
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`
`
`
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`increase the risk of collision, and puts other drivers, passengers and pedestrians in
`danger.
`15. The Piston Defect is also material because consumers incur significant
`and unexpected repair costs. Volvo’s failure to disclose, at the time of purchase, the
`pistons' marked tendency to fail is material because no reasonable consumer expects
`to spend hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars to repair or replace essential engine
`components expected to last much longer than 75,000 miles of use.
`16. Had Volvo disclosed the Piston Defect, Plaintiffs and Class Members
`would not have purchased the Class Vehicles or would have paid less for them.
`
`PARTIES
`
`Plaintiff Rollie Buchanan
`17. Plaintiff Rollie Buchanan is a citizen of New York, domiciled in
`
`Jamaica, New York.
`
`18. On or about November 15, 2018, Plaintiff Buchanan purchased a
`
`certified pre-owned 2015 Volvo S60 equipped with a 2.0L 4-cylinder engine with
`
`engine code B4204T12 with approximately 34,500 miles on the odometer from Karp
`
`Volvo Cars, an authorized Volvo dealership located in Rockville Centre, New York.
`
`19. Plaintiff Buchanan purchased his vehicle primarily for personal, family,
`
`or household use.
`
`20. Passenger safety and reliability were important factors in Plaintiff
`
`Buchanan’s decision to purchase his vehicle. Before purchasing the vehicle,
`
`
`
`6
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`Plaintiff Buchanan conducted general research including on the CarMax and Kelly
`
`Blue Book websites, viewed dealer advertisements and the dealership’s website,
`
`reviewed the Monroney sticker (the “window sticker”) which listed the 2.0L engine
`
`as a component, reviewed the sales documentation including a CarFax report, and
`
`spoke to the authorized salesperson at the dealership. Plaintiff Buchanan also took
`
`the vehicle for a test drive. Plaintiff Buchanan selected and ultimately purchased his
`
`Class Vehicle because the vehicle was represented to be, and was marketed as, a
`
`high-quality vehicle capable of providing safe, reliable transportation. The purchase
`
`was made in part on the advertised safety, reliability, and quality of the vehicle and
`
`its components, including its engine.
`
`21. None of the information provided to Plaintiff Buchanan disclosed any
`
`defects in the vehicle or its engine. Volvo’s omissions were material to Plaintiff
`
`Buchanan.
`
`22. Had Volvo disclosed its knowledge of the Piston Defect before he
`
`purchased his vehicle, Plaintiff Buchanan would have seen and been aware of the
`
`disclosures. Indeed, Volvo’s misstatements and omissions were material to Plaintiff
`
`Buchanan. Like all members of the Class, Plaintiff Buchanan would not have
`
`purchased his Class Vehicle, or would have paid less for the vehicle, had he known
`
`of the Piston Defect.
`
`
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`23.
`
`In addition, at the time of Plaintiff Buchanan’s vehicle purchase, and in
`
`purchasing his vehicle, he relied upon Volvo and its authorized dealerships’
`
`representations which he heard from the salesperson and in advertisements, that the
`
`vehicle was fully functional, safe, durable, reliable, and that the engine operated
`
`correctly and effectively. Plaintiff Buchanan relied on those representations and the
`
`omission of, or failure to disclose, the Piston Defect, in purchasing the vehicle, and
`
`absent those representations and omissions, would not have purchased the vehicle,
`
`or would have paid less for it.
`
`24. At the time of his purchase, Plaintiff Buchanan received from Volvo
`
`several warranties, including: (1) the remainder of the bumper-to-bumper limited
`
`warranty lasting for four years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurred first; and (2) a
`
`limited certified pre-owned warranty lasting seven years or 100,000 miles,
`
`whichever occurred first.
`
`25. At all times during his possession of the vehicle, Plaintiff Buchanan has
`
`properly maintained and serviced his Class Vehicle according to Volvo’s
`
`recommended maintenance guidelines.
`
`26.
`
`In the summer of 2020, Plaintiff Buchanan first observed the low oil
`
`light illuminating in his vehicle. He began to add oil as needed and indicated by the
`
`vehicle.
`
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`27.
`
`In November 2020, Plaintiff Buchanan brought his vehicle to McGuire
`
`Volvo Cars, an authorized Volvo dealership located in Ithaca, New York. The
`
`dealership completed the 50,000 miles service on the vehicle at that time.
`
`28.
`
`In the summer of 2021, the low oil light began to illuminate in his
`
`vehicle again frequently. While helping his brother purchase a car from CarMax,
`
`Plaintiff Buchanan was informed that his vehicle and others like it had an oil
`
`consumption problem.
`
`29. On or about September 23, 2021, Plaintiff Buchanan called Volvo Cars
`
`of North America (“VCNA”) to complain about the Piston Defect in his vehicle.
`
`VCNA arranged for his vehicle to be inspected at McGuire Volvo.
`
`30. Soon after, Plaintiff Buchanan brought his vehicle to McGuire Volvo.
`
`At the time, his vehicle had approximately 60,900 miles on the odometer. Plaintiff
`
`Buchanan specifically requested an oil consumption test, per his conversation with
`
`the VCNA representative. He was instead only given a quote for an oil consumption
`
`test and told to make an appointment for a test.
`
`31. Plaintiff Buchanan returned his vehicle to the dealership approximately
`
`a week later in October 2021 for the oil consumption test and additional service on
`
`his vehicle. Instead, the dealership claimed that they had no knowledge of an oil
`
`consumption test. Plaintiff Buchanan allowed the dealership to perform some
`
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`service on the vehicle, but did not authorize any engine work. Despite that, the
`
`dealership changed the oil in his vehicle without his consent.
`
`32. Plaintiff Buchanan’s vehicle continues to experience the Piston Defect
`
`and he has not received a repair to his vehicle despite requesting the repair within
`
`the time limitations of his certified pre-owned warranty.
`
`33. To date, Plaintiff Buchanan’s vehicle remains subject to the Piston
`
`Defect and he puts a quart of oil into the car every 300 to 400 miles driven.
`
`34. As a result of the Piston Defect, Plaintiff Buchanan has lost confidence
`
`in the ability of his Class Vehicle to provide safe and reliable transportation for
`
`ordinary and advertised purposes. Further, Plaintiff Buchanan will be unable to rely
`
`on Volvo’s advertising or labeling in the future, and so will not purchase or lease
`
`another vehicle from Volvo in the future, though he would like to do so.
`
`35. At all times, Plaintiff Buchanan, like other class members, has
`
`attempted to drive his vehicle in a manner that was both foreseeable and in which it
`
`was intended to be used. At all times, he has not abused his vehicle or used it for
`
`purposes unintended by Volvo such as drag racing, for example. The Piston Defect
`
`has rendered his vehicle unsafe and unfit to be used as Volvo intended.
`
`Plaintiff Davin Card
`
`36. Plaintiff Davin Card is a citizen of New York, domiciled in
`
`Schenectady, New York.
`
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`37. On or about May 10, 2019, Plaintiff Card purchased a used 2016 XC90
`
`equipped with a 2.0L 4-cylinder engine with engine code B4204T27 with
`
`approximately 71,467 miles on the odometer from Mercedes Benz of Lancaster, a
`
`dealership located in East Petersburg, Pennsylvania.
`
`38. Plaintiff Card purchased his vehicle primarily for personal, family, or
`
`household use.
`
`39. Passenger safety and reliability were important factors in Plaintiff
`
`Card’s decision to purchase his vehicle. Before purchasing the vehicle, Plaintiff
`
`Card conducted general research including on the Kelly Blue Book website,
`
`reviewed dealer advertisements and the dealership’s website, reviewed the
`
`Monroney sticker (the “window sticker”) which listed the 2.0L engine as a
`
`component, reviewed the sales documentation including a CarFax report, and spoke
`
`to the authorized salesperson at the dealership. Plaintiff Card also took the vehicle
`
`for a test drive. Plaintiff Card selected and ultimately purchased his Class Vehicle
`
`because the vehicle was represented to be, and was marketed as, a high-quality
`
`vehicle capable of providing safe, reliable transportation. The purchase was made
`
`in part on the advertised safety, reliability, and quality of the vehicle and its
`
`components, including its engine.
`
`
`
`11
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`40. None of the information provided to Plaintiff Card disclosed any
`
`defects in the vehicle or its engine. Volvo’s omissions were material to Plaintiff
`
`Card.
`
`41. Had Volvo disclosed its knowledge of the Piston Defect before he
`
`purchased his vehicle, Plaintiff Card would have seen and been aware of the
`
`disclosures. Indeed, Volvo’s misstatements and omissions were material to Plaintiff
`
`Card. Like all members of the Class, Plaintiff Card would not have purchased his
`
`Class Vehicle, or would have paid less for the vehicle, had he known of the Piston
`
`Defect.
`
`42.
`
`In addition, at the time of Plaintiff Card’s vehicle purchase, and in
`
`purchasing his vehicle, he relied upon Volvo’s communications including the
`
`window sticker that the vehicle was fully functional, safe, durable, reliable, and that
`
`the engine operated correctly and effectively. Plaintiff Card relied on those
`
`representations and the omission of, or failure to disclose, the Piston Defect, in
`
`purchasing the vehicle, and absent those representations and omissions, would not
`
`have purchased the vehicle, or would have paid less for it.
`
`43. At all times during his possession of the vehicle, Plaintiff Card has
`
`properly maintained and serviced his Class Vehicle according to Volvo’s
`
`recommended maintenance guidelines.
`
`
`
`12
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`44. When the vehicle had approximately 85,000 miles on the odometer, in
`
`2020, the low oil light illuminated in Plaintiff Card’s vehicle. Shortly thereafter, on
`
`or about March 2, 2020, he took the vehicle to Capital Volvo, an authorized Volvo
`
`dealership located in Albany, New York. The dealership recommended an oil
`
`consumption test.
`
`45. The dealership performed an oil consumption test, by changing the oil
`
`in Plaintiff Card’s vehicle and directing to him return after 1,000 were driven.
`
`Plaintiff Card returned after driving 1,000 miles, on approximately December 15,
`
`2020. At that time, the dealership informed him that his vehicle was consuming oil
`
`and a piston ring replacement was needed, costing over $5,000. He was also charged
`
`a diagnostic fee of $300.
`
`46. Plaintiff Card asked for the dealership or Volvo to cover the repair cost,
`
`due to the fact that this was a known issue with a repair designed by Volvo. He was
`
`first asked to provide proof that his vehicle had been serviced regularly, because he
`
`had gotten a single oil change at an independent shop. Plaintiff Card promptly
`
`provided this proof, but had to wait over a month before he received a response from
`
`the dealership.
`
`47. After months of working with the dealership to have Volvo cover the
`
`repair, Plaintiff Card eventually reached out to VCNA directly to request coverage
`
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`13
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`for the repair via email or about June 1, 2021. By that time, the vehicle had been
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`sitting at Capital Volvo for approximately six weeks.
`
`48. On June 3, 2021, VCNA informed Plaintiff Card that it would cover
`
`half the cost of the repair. Plaintiff Card requested more coverage, because this was
`
`a known issue to Volvo and because he had been a twenty-year customer of Volvo
`
`cars. VCNA denied his request shortly thereafter.
`
`49. Plaintiff Card ultimately was charged approximately $3,200 for the
`
`piston ring replacement in his vehicle.
`
`50. To date, Plaintiff Card’s vehicle remains subject to the Piston Defect
`
`and the damage the Defect had done to his vehicle.
`
`51. As a result of the Piston Defect, Plaintiff Card has lost confidence in
`
`the ability of his Class Vehicle to provide safe and reliable transportation for
`
`ordinary and advertised purposes. Further, Plaintiff Card will be unable to rely on
`
`Volvo’s advertising or labeling in the future, and so will not purchase or lease
`
`another vehicle from Volvo in the future, though he would like to do so.
`
`52. At all times, Plaintiff Card, like other class members, has attempted to
`
`drive his vehicle in a manner that was both foreseeable and in which it was intended
`
`to be used. At all times, he has not abused his vehicle or used it for purposes
`
`unintended by Volvo such as drag racing, for example. The Piston Defect has
`
`rendered his vehicle unsafe and unfit to be used as Volvo intended.
`
`
`
`14
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`Plaintiffs Kim and Fred Martin Ferguson
`53. Plaintiffs Kim Ferguson and Fred Martin Ferguson (“Fergusons”) are
`citizens of South Carolina, domiciled in Chapin, South Carolina.
`54. On or about March 20, 2015, Plaintiffs Fergusons purchased a New
`2015 Volvo XC60 equipped with a 2.0L 4-cylinder engine with engine code
`B4204T11 from Dick Dyer and Associates, an authorized Volvo dealership located
`in Columbia, South Carolina.
`55. Plaintiffs Fergusons purchased their vehicle primarily for personal,
`family, or household use.
`56. Passenger safety and reliability were important factors in Plaintiffs
`Fergusons’ decision to purchase their vehicle. Before purchasing the vehicle,
`Plaintiffs Fergusons reviewed Volvo commercials, researched the vehicle generally
`on Google, reviewed the Monroney sticker (the “window sticker”) which listed the
`2.0L engine as a component, visited the dealership’s and manufacturer’s website,
`and spoke to the authorized salesperson at the dealership. Plaintiffs Fergusons also
`took the vehicle for a test ride. Plaintiffs Fergusons selected and ultimately
`purchased their Class Vehicle because the vehicle was represented to be, and was
`marketed as, a high-quality vehicle capable of providing safe, reliable transportation.
`The purchase was made in part on the advertised safety, reliability, and quality of
`the vehicle and its components, including its engine.
`57. None of the information provided to Plaintiffs Fergusons disclosed any
`defects in the vehicle or its engine. Volvo’s omissions were material to Plaintiffs
`Fergusons.
`
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`58. Had Volvo disclosed its knowledge of the Piston Defect before they
`purchased their vehicle, Plaintiffs Fergusons would have seen and been aware of the
`disclosures. Indeed, Volvo’s misstatements and omissions were material to Plaintiffs
`Fergusons. Like all members of the Class, Plaintiffs Fergusons would not have
`purchased their Class Vehicle, or would have paid less for the vehicle, had they
`known of the Piston Defect.
`In addition, at the time of Plaintiffs Fergusons’ vehicle purchase, and
`59.
`in purchasing their vehicle, they relied upon Volvo and its authorized dealerships’
`representations, dealership website, commercials, heard from the salesperson, and
`reviewed on the Monroney sticker, that the vehicle was fully functional, safe,
`durable, reliable, and that the engine operated correctly and effectively. Plaintiffs
`Fergusons relied on those representations and the omission of, or failure to disclose,
`the Piston Defect, in purchasing the vehicle, and absent those representations and
`omissions, would not have purchased the vehicle, or would have paid less for it.
`60. At the time of their purchase, Plaintiffs Fergusons’ received from Volvo
`several warranties, including: (1) bumper-to-bumper limited warranty lasting for
`four years or 50,000 miles, whichever occurred first; and (2) maintenance warranty
`lasting three years or 36,000 miles, whichever occurred first.
`61. At all times during their possession of the vehicle, Plaintiffs Fergusons
`have properly maintained and serviced their Class Vehicle according to Volvo’s
`recommended maintenance guidelines.
`62. When the vehicle had approximately 65,000 miles on the odometer, the
`low oil level light began to illuminate frequently. Twice, Plaintiff Kim Ferguson
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`took the vehicle to Dick Dyer and Associates, where the dealership merely added
`oil. After, when the vehicle had 76,781 miles on the odometer, in June 2020,
`Plaintiffs Fergusons returned their vehicle to the dealership for a formal diagnostic.
`At that time, the dealership recommended a piston repair and quoted approximately
`$6,000 for that repair. Plaintiff Kim Ferguson spoke to the technician who worked
`on her vehicle, who informed her that there “is not a recall yet” for her vehicle and
`that she could simply continue driving the car and adding oil as needed as an
`alternative to the repair. Plaintiff Kim Ferguson was worried about these
`recommendations and contacted Volvo Cars of North America, LLC. A customer
`service representative recommended that she return to the dealership and monitor
`the oil level. Plaintiffs Fergusons began adding oil every 1,000 miles driven. In
`December 2021, their vehicle flashed a warning about an engine performance
`problem. They took their vehicle to Taylor’s Auto Service, a local mechanic, and
`discovered that the valves in their engine were burnt and that the engine was failing.
`Plaintiffs Fergusons paid approximately $7,000 to replace the engine in their vehicle.
`In January 2022, the engine performance problem message again flashed on the
`vehicle’s dashboard. Plaintiffs Fergusons returned their vehicle to the mechanic,
`who added oil and called Dick Dyer and Associates for a recommendation. The
`authorized Volvo dealership recommended Plaintiff Kim Ferguson sell the car.
`63. To date, Plaintiffs Fergusons’ vehicle remains subject to the Piston
`Defect.
`
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`64. As a result of the Piston Defect, Plaintiffs Fergusons have lost
`confidence in the ability of their Class Vehicle to provide safe and reliable
`transportation for ordinary and advertised purposes.
`65. At all times, Plaintiffs Fergusons, like other class members, have
`attempted to drive their vehicle in a manner that was both foreseeable and in which
`it was intended to be used. At all times, they have not abused their vehicle or used it
`for purposes unintended by Volvo such as drag racing, for example. The Piston
`Defect has rendered their vehicle unsafe and unfit to be used as Volvo intended
`Plaintiff Kevin Flynn
`66. Plaintiff Kevin Flynn is a citizen of Massachusetts, domiciled in
`Springfield, Massachusetts.
`67. On or about October of 2013, Plaintiff Flynn purchased a new 2013
`Volvo S60 equipped with a 2.5L 5-cylinder engine with engine code B5254T12 from
`Fathers and Son Volvo, an authorized Volvo dealership located in West Springfield,
`Massachusetts.
`68. Plaintiff Flynn purchased his vehicle primarily for personal, family, or
`household use.
`69. Passenger safety and reliability were important factors in Plaintiff
`Flynn’s decision to purchase his vehicle. Before purchasing the vehicle, Plaintiff
`Flynn conducted general online research using search engines such as Google and
`Kelley Blue Book, visited the dealership’s websites, reviewed the Monroney sticker
`(the “window sticker”) which listed the 2.5L engine as a component, reviewed the
`sales documentation, and spoke to the authorized salesperson at the dealership.
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`Plaintiff Flynn also took the vehicle for a test drive. Plaintiff Flynn selected and
`ultimately purchased his Class Vehicle because the vehicle was represented to be,
`and was marketed as, a high-quality vehicle capable of providing safe, reliable
`transportation. The purchase was made in part on the advertised safety, reliability,
`and quality of the vehicle and its components, including its engine.
`70. None of the information provided to Plaintiff Flynn disclosed any
`defects in the vehicle or its engine. Volvo’s omissions were material to Plaintiff
`Flynn.
`71. Had Volvo disclosed its knowledge of the Piston Defect before he
`purchased his vehicle, Plaintiff Flynn would have seen and been aware of the
`disclosures. Indeed, Volvo’s misstatements and omissions were material to Plaintiff
`Flynn. Like all members of the Class, Plaintiff Flynn would not have purchased his
`Class Vehicle, or would have paid less for the vehicle, had he known of the Piston
`Defect.
`In addition, at the time of Plaintiff Flynn’s vehicle purchase, and in
`72.
`purchasing his vehicle, he relied upon Volvo and its authorized dealerships’
`representations which he heard from the salesperson, viewed on the dealership’s
`websites, and commercials, that the vehicle was fully functional, safe, durable,
`reliable, and that the engine operated correctly and effectively. Plaintiff Flynn relied
`on those representations and the omission of, or failure to disclose, the Piston Defect,
`in purchasing the vehicle, and absent those representations and omissions, would not
`have purchased the vehicle, or would have paid less for it.
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`73. At the time of his purchase, Plaintiff Flynn received from Volvo several
`warranties, including: (1) bumper-to-bumper limited warranty lasting for four years
`or 50,000 miles, whichever occurred first; and (2) maintenance warranty lasting
`three years or 36,000 miles, whichever occurred first.
`74. At all times during his possession of the vehicle, Plaintiff Flynn has
`properly maintained and serviced his Class Vehicle according to Volvo’s
`recommended maintenance guidelines.
`In December 2020, when the vehicle had approximately 60,000 miles
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`on the odometer, Plaintiff Flynn was driving on the Massachusetts Turnpike when
`the “no oil” light illuminated on the dashboard. This immediately prompted Plaintiff
`Flynn to pull over and check his engine oil. He discovered that his engine indeed
`had no oil in it. He borrowed a colleague’s car to purchase 2 quarts of oil for his
`vehicle, and then drove his vehicle to Fathers and Sons Volvo for diagnosis and
`repair. The dealership did not diagnose or repair the vehicle, but instead
`recommended that he increase the frequency of oil changes from 10,000 mile
`intervals, as per the vehicle’s manuals, to 5,000 mile intervals.
`76. Plaintiff Flynn followed the dealership’s instructions and took his
`vehicle to the dealership for oil changes every 5,000 miles. In 2021, when the vehicle
`had less than 80,000 miles on the odometer, Plaintiff Flynn took his vehicle to the
`dealership for another oil change. The technician recommended replacing the piston
`rings in his vehicle, a repair which would cost thousands of dollars because it
`requires the engine to be torn down and rebuilt.
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`77. Plaintiff Flynn has since taken his vehicle for diagnosis and
`maintenance to an independent mechanic who has significant experience with
`Volvos. There, Plaintiff Flynn was informed that the oil consumption issue is a
`known problem in Volvos. Plaintiff Flynn has spent $500 in extra oil changes d



