throbber
FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/09/2021 11:18 PM
`FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02m2021 11:18 P I
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 75
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 75
`
`INDEX NO. 651500/2020
`INDEX NO- 651500/2020
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/09/2021
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/09/2021
`
`(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)
`
`(cid:40)(cid:59)(cid:43)(cid:44)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:23)(cid:3)
`
`EXHIBIT 14
`
`

`

`FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/09/2021 11:18 PM
`FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02m2021 11:18 P I
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 75
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 75
`
`INDEX NO. 651500/2020
`INDEX NO- 651500/2020
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/09/2021
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/09/2021
`
`Commentary:
`
`Hiiffer/Koch,
`
`Commentary on the German Stock Corporation Act
`
`Author:
`
`Edition:
`
`(Aktiengesetz)
`Koch
`
`14th ed. (2020)
`
`Sec. 116 — Duty of care and responsibility of members of the supervisory board
`
`Margin no. 13
`
`a)
`
`Analogous application of sec. 93 ll-Vl
`
`(cid:206)
`Under the conditions of sec. 93 2 (9 Sec. 93 margin no. 37 et seq.), members of the supervisory
`board, as well, are liable for compensatory damages to the stock corporation (for the applicability
`(cid:206)
`of secs. 93 (1) and (2) 9 margin nos. 5-6), with the proviso that members of the executive board
`and members of the supervisory board are also subject to joint and several liability amongst
`
`themselves (MiiKoAktG/Habersack Rn. 78; Spindler/Stilz/Fleischer § 93 Rn. 262; Kocher/v.
`
`Falkenhausen AG 2016, 848, 849 f.; aA S/L/Drygala Rn. 52 ). Only as between the various parties
`
`involved does sec. 426 | 1 of the German Civil Code (Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch; abbreviated in
`
`German as "BGB" and hereinafter referred to as the "Civil Code") permit an apportionment of
`
`liability based on the degree of causation and wrongdoing (fault) by way of an analogous
`(cid:90)(cid:374)(cid:856)(cid:3)(cid:1011)(cid:1009)(cid:853)(cid:3)(cid:1011)(cid:1012)(cid:854)(cid:3)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:400)(cid:381)(cid:3)(cid:1111)(cid:3)(cid:913)(cid:3)(cid:1013)(cid:1007)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:374)(cid:856)(cid:3)
`application of sec. 254 of the Civil Code (MiiKoAktG/Habersack Rn. 75, 78; see also 9 § 93 Rn.
`(cid:206)
`57). Liability of the supervisory board is clearly gaining in practical significance (9 margin no.1).
`Clauses in articles of association or agreements releasing members of the supervisory board from
`
`liability are unlawful, whereas agreements of third parties to release members of the supervisory
`
`board from liability are permitted and valid. According to the prevailing opinion, the executive
`(cid:206)
`board also has an obligation under the ARAG principles (9 sec. 111 margin no. 7 et seq.) to
`pursue liability claims against members of the supervisory board (S/L/Drygala Rn. 45;
`
`MiiKoAktG/Habersack Rn. 8; Spindler/Stilz/Spindler Rn. 140; J. Koch ZHR 180 [2016], 578, 584;
`
`zweifeld GK-AktG/Hopft/Roth § 93 Rn. 178; Bachmann ZHR 180 [2016], 563, 574 f. ). We are
`
`generally in agreement with this view because the obligation to sue primarily arises from the
`
`obligation to avert damages, which is also incumbent upon the executive board. A further
`
`derivation of the ARAG principles from sec. 111(1) (on this point, see Bachmann ZHR 180 [2016],
`
`563, 574 f.) may result in differences as far as the details of the various obligations are concerned,
`
`but generally cannot refute an obligation to pursue claims against the supervisory board. For
`(cid:206)
`(cid:206)
`(cid:206)
`insurance coverage (D&O policies) 9 sec. 84 margin no. 22; 9 sec. 93 margin no. 88 of sec.; 9
`sec. 113 margin no. 5. Sec. 93 || 3 is not applicable. Hence, there is no mandatory deductible for
`
`D&O insurance policies covering members of the supervisory board. The statutory control of
`
`conduct therefore relates only to breaches by members of the executive board, but not also to
`
`insufficient supervision (AusschussB BT-Drs. 16/13433, 11 f.). However, the old version of sec.
`
`3.8 III of the German Corporate Governance Code (Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex;
`
`recommended a deductible in this case, as well. This recommendation was eliminated as part of
`the 2020 reform of that code.
`
`

`

`INDEX NO. 651500/2020
`FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/09/2021 11:18 PM
`
`h Aktiengegé‘fEEX m.1@51500/2020
`FILED: WWSWMthnMml2 02 1K0<§!:11:|1®‘e "
`
`
`
`
`
`NYSCEF DOC.
`” age 20139c«.lv«.o \IYSCE
`321402/09/2021
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 75
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/09/2021
`
`a) SinngemfiBe Anwendung des § 93 II—VI
`
`13
`
`14
`
`Unter den Pramissen des § 93 II (—> § 93 Rn. 37 ff.) sind auch AR-Mitglieder der AG
`→
` 
`→
` 
`schadensersatzpflichtig (zur Geltung des § 93 I 2 —> Rn. 5f.), wobei Vorstands- und
`AR-Mitglieder auch untereinander zur gesamtschuldnerischen Haftung verbunden
`sind (MUKoAktG/Habersack Rn. 78; Spindler/Stilz/F/eischer § 93 Rn. 262; Kocher/v.
` 
`849 f.;
`Falkenhausen AG 2016,
`848,
`aA S/L/Dryga/a Rn.
`52). Erst
`im
`Innenverhaltnis erlaubt § 426 I 1 BGB abgestufte Ausgleichspflicht nach Grad der
`Verursachung und des Verschuldens analog § 254 BGB (MUKoAktG/Habersack Rn.
`→
`§ 93 Rn. 57). Praktische Bedeutung der AR-Haftung nimmt
`sa —>
`75, 78;
`→
`unverkennbar zu (—> Rn. 1). Enthaftende Satzungsklauseln oder Vereinbarungen
`sind unzulassig, Freistellungserklarungen Dritter dagegen erlaubt und gi.iltig. Nach
`→
`hM ist auch bei Haftung von AR-Mitgliedern Vorstand nach ARAG-Grundséitzen (—>
` 
`45;
`7ff.)

`111
`Rn.
`zur Verfolgung
`verpflichtet
`(S/L/Dryga/a
`Rn.
`MUKoAktG/Habersack Rn. 8; Spindler/Stilz/Spind/er Rn. 140; J. Koch ZHR 180
`[2016], 578, 584; zweifeld GK-AktG/Hopft/Roth § 93 Rn. 178; Bachmann ZHR 180
` 
`[2016], 563, 574 f.). Dem ist grds. zuzustimmen, da sich Klagepflicht in erster Linie
`aus Schadensabwendungspflicht ergibt, die auch Vorstand trifft. Weitere Herleitung
`der ARAG-Grundsatze aus § 111 I (ng. dazu Bachmann ZHR 180 [2016], 563,
` 
`574f.) kann zu Abweichungen in den Details des Pflichtenregimes fiihren, grds.
`→
`Verfolgungspflicht aber nicht widerlegen. Zum Versicherungsschutz (D&O) —> § 84
`→
` 
`→
`Rn. 22; —> § 93 Rn. 58ff.; —> § 113 Rn. 5. Nicht anzuwenden ist § 93 II 3. Fi.ir
`D&O-Versicherung von AR-Mitgliedern gibt es
`also keinen obligatorischen
`Selbstbehalt.
`Ges.
`Verhaltenssteuerung
`bezieht
`sich
`daher
`nur
`auf
`Pflichtverletzungen von Vorstandsmitgliedern,
`nicht
`auch auf unzureichende
` 
`Uberwachung (AusschussB BT-Drs. 16/13433, 11f.). Ziff. 3.8 III DCGK aF empfahl
`aber auch hier Selbstbehalt. Mit KodeX-Reform 2020 ist diese Empfehlung entfallen.
`
`Sondertatbestéinde (§ 93 III; —> § 93 Rn. 68ff.) gelten auch iRd § 116. Norm
`→
` 
`stellt nicht darauf ab, durch wen Zuwendung gewahrt wird, sondern knijlpft an
`verbotenen Erfolg an. Regeln des § 93 IV bzgl. Haftungsausschluss, Verzicht und
`→
` 
`Vergleich (—> § 93 Rn. 72 ff.) gelten grds. auch fiir Anspriiche gegen Mitglieder des
`AR. § 93 IV 1 kommt jedoch kaum in Betracht, weil AR nicht an Beschlijlsse der HV
`gebunden ist; Ausnahme:

`147
`(MUKoAktG/Habersack Rn.
`76; weiteres
` 
`Verstandnis bei Fischbach AG 2013, 1153, 1154 f. aufgrund unzutr. Annahme, auch
`→
`AR kijnne HV-Vorlage nach § 119 II vornehmen; —> § 119 Rn. 13). Anspriiche
` 
`→
`kijnnen gem. § 93 V auch von den Glaubigern verfolgt werden (—> § 93 Rn. 80 ff.)
`→
` 
`und verjahren in filinf Jahren (§ 93 VI; —> § 93 Rn. 85 ff.). Str. ist, ob nicht nur AR-
`sondern ggf. auch benennende oder entsendende Gesellschaft bzw.
`Mitglied,
`Institution (zB Kommune) gem. § 31 BGB haftbar ist. BGHZ 90, 381, 398 = NJW
` 
`1984, 1893 verneint das (aA U/mer FS Stimpel 1985, 705th). Ersatzpflicht ggii.
` 
`Aktionéiren oder Dritten folgt nicht aus § 116 (OLG DUsseldorf AG 2008, 666 f.;
`LG DUsseldorf AG 1991, 70, 71) und ist auch sonst nur ausnahmsweise begriindbar.
` 
`Sie kann sich jedoch Liber § 117 I 2 hinaus nach §§ 823 ff. BGB ergeben. Es gelten
`→
` 
`insofern dieselben Grundsatze wie fiir Vorstand (—> § 93 Rn. 60 ff.). Da AR selten
`direkt im AuBenverhaltnis handelt, werden die entspr. Haftungsgriinde hier noch
`seltener einschlagig sein. Als gefahrlich kann sich insofern aber neuere Tendenz der
`Rspr.
`erweisen, Teilnehmerhaftung
`von AR-Mitgliedern
`an
`sittenwidriger
`Schadigungshandlung des Vorstands gem. §§ 826, 830 BGB anzunehmen (ng.
` 
`dazu OLG DUsseldorf AG 2008, 666f.; BeckRS 2009, 14700; krit.
`zu dieser
` 
`→
`Entwicklung Oechs/er AcP 214 [2014], 542 ff. mwN; sa —> § 93 Rn. 62).
`
`Zitiervorschlage:
`
`HCIffer/Koch AktG § 116 Rn. 13, 14
`
`HUffer/Koch, 14. Aufl. 2020, AktG § 116 Rn. 13, 14
`
`

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