FILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`FILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`
`INDEX NO. 20-46602
`INDEX NO. 20-46602
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
`
`
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`
`STATE
`SUPREME
`
`OF NEW YORK
`: COUNTY
`COURT
`
`OF ERIE
`
`T.S.,
`
`v.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`ORDER
`
`Index
`
`No.
`
`808449/2020
`
`HOLLAND
`CENTRAL
`HOLLAND
`MIDDLE
`AND GIRLS
`BOYS
`& GIRLS
`and BOYS
`CLUB
`BOYS
`f/k/a
`
`DISTRICT,
`
`SCHOOL
`SCHOOL,
`CLUB
`OF HOLLAND,
`CLUB
`OF AMERICA,
`OF AMERICA,
`
`INC.,
`INC.
`
`Defendants.
`
`A motion
`
`having
`
`been
`
`filed
`
`by Defendant
`
`Holland
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`on December
`
`8,
`
`2022,
`
`for
`
`an Order
`
`pursuant
`
`to Civil
`
`Practice
`
`Law and Rule
`
`3212
`
`dismissing
`
`the Second
`
`Amended
`
`.
`
`Complaint
`
`("Complaint")
`
`in this
`
`action
`
`as against
`
`the Defendants
`
`Holland
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`and Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School
`
`(NYSCEF
`
`motion
`
`005),
`
`and
`
`supported
`
`by
`
`a Notice
`
`of Motion,
`
`a
`
`Statement
`
`of Material
`
`Facts,
`
`an Affidavit
`
`in Support
`
`of Motion
`
`by
`
`Joseph
`
`M. Guerra,
`
`III,
`
`Esq. with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`A through
`
`M,
`
`an Affidavit
`
`in Support
`
`of Motion
`
`by
`
`Lynette
`
`Cracchiola
`
`with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`A through
`
`P, and
`
`a Memorandum
`
`of Law in Support
`
`of Motion
`
`with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`1 and
`
`2; and
`
`Plaintiff
`
`having
`
`filed
`
`on February
`
`8, 2023,
`
`an Affirmation
`
`of Andrew
`
`Silvershein,
`
`Esq.
`
`in
`
`Opposition
`
`to Defendant's
`
`Motion
`
`with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`A through
`
`G, and
`
`a Statement
`
`of
`
`Material
`
`Facts
`
`with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`A through
`
`U;
`
`and
`
`1
`
`1 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`
`Defendant
`
`having
`
`filed
`
`on March
`
`20,
`
`2023,
`
`a Response
`
`to Statement
`
`of Material
`
`Facts,
`
`a
`
`Reply
`
`Affidavit
`
`of
`
`Joseph
`
`M. Guerra,
`
`III,
`
`Esq.
`
`in Support
`
`of Motion
`
`with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`A through
`
`C, and
`
`a Reply
`
`Memorandum
`
`of Law with
`
`accompanying
`
`Exhibits
`
`1 and
`
`2; and
`
`The
`
`parties,
`
`through
`
`counsel,
`
`Jonathan
`
`Cantarero,
`
`Esq.
`
`on behalf
`
`of
`
`the Plaintiff,
`
`and Brian
`
`behalf
`
`of
`
`appeared
`
`for
`
`and
`
`M. Melber,
`
`Esq.
`
`and
`
`Joseph
`
`M. Guerra,
`
`III,
`
`Esq.
`
`on
`
`the Defendant,
`
`participated
`
`in oral
`
`argument
`
`on the motion
`
`on March
`
`27,
`
`2023;
`
`and
`
`Due
`
`deliberation
`
`having
`
`been
`
`given
`
`by
`
`the Court
`
`to the respective
`
`positions
`
`of
`
`the parties,
`
`the
`
`filed
`
`pleadings,
`
`oral
`
`argument,
`
`and
`
`the
`
`law,
`
`and
`
`after
`
`such
`
`due
`
`deliberation,
`
`the Court
`
`having
`
`issued
`
`a written
`
`dated
`
`March
`
`and
`
`filed
`
`March
`
`attached
`
`hereto
`
`as
`
`Decision,
`
`29,
`
`2023,
`
`31,
`
`2023,
`
`Exhibit
`
`A,
`
`it
`
`is hereby
`
`ORDERED
`
`that
`
`Defendant's
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`seeking
`
`dismissal
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`Complaint
`
`on
`
`the
`
`ground
`
`that
`
`the Child
`
`Victims
`
`Act
`
`is unconstitutional
`
`as applied
`
`of
`
`is
`
`DENIED;
`
`and
`
`it
`
`is further
`
`ORDERED
`
`that
`
`Defendant's
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`seeking
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`of
`
`action
`
`in
`
`negligent
`
`and
`
`it
`
`is
`
`cause
`
`sounding
`
`hiring
`
`is GRANTED,
`
`as unopposed;
`
`further
`
`ORDERED
`
`that
`
`Defendant's
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`seeking
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`Plaintiff's
`
`claims
`
`against
`
`the Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School
`
`is GRANTED,
`
`as unopposed
`
`and Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School
`
`is dismissed
`
`as a defendant;
`
`and
`
`it
`
`is further
`
`ORDERED
`
`that Defendant's
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`seeking
`
`dismissal
`
`of Plaintiff's
`
`claims
`
`for
`
`punitive
`
`damages
`
`is GRANTED,
`
`as unopposed;
`
`and
`
`it
`
`is further
`
`.
`
`2
`
`2 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`
`ORDERED
`
`that
`
`Defendant's
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`seeking
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`Plaintiff
`
`s Complaint
`
`against
`
`the
`
`Holland
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`is GRANTED,
`
`and
`
`the
`
`Complaint
`
`is dismissed
`
`as against
`
`the Holland
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`in its entirety.
`
`Dated:
`
`April
`
`Buffalo,
`
`, 2023
`New York
`
`Hon.
`
`Deborah
`
`A. Chimes,
`
`J.S.C.
`
`3
`
`3 of 9
`
`XXXXXXXXXX
`
`May 1, 2023
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`
`Ex=I2IT
`
`A
`
`4 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`. FILED
`ERIE
`COUNTY
`CLERK
`:
`5
`2
`:
`NYSCEF
`DOC. NO.
`141
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`808449/2020
`NO.
`INDEX
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`03/31/2023
`RECEIVED
`NYSCEF:
`
`OF NEW YORK
`STATE
`SUPREME
`COURT
`: COUNTY
`
`OF ERIE
`
`T.S.,
`
`v.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`DECISION
`Index
`No.
`
`808449/2020
`
`HOLLAND
`SCHOOL
`CENTRAL
`DISTRICT,
`BOYS AND GIRLS
`CLUB
`OF HOLLAND,
`BOYS & GIRLS
`CLUB
`OF AMERICA,
`f/k/a BOYS CLUB OF AMERICA,
`
`INC.,
`
`Defendants.
`
`Defendants,
`
`Holland
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`and Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School,
`
`(hereafter
`
`collectively,
`
`the District)
`
`moved
`
`to dismiss
`
`the Complaint
`
`pursuant
`
`to CPLR 3212
`
`(NYSCEF
`
`motion
`
`005).
`
`Plaintiff
`
`opposed
`
`the motion.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`filed
`
`this
`
`action
`
`pursuant
`
`to CPLR 214-g
`
`known
`
`as the Child
`
`Victims
`
`Act
`
`(CVA).
`
`Plaintiff
`
`claims
`
`he was
`
`sexually
`
`abused
`
`by Carl
`
`Penziul
`
`during
`
`the winter
`
`of
`
`the
`
`1980-
`
`81 school
`
`year, when
`
`plaintiff
`
`was an eighth-grade
`
`student
`
`of
`
`the District.
`
`Penziul
`
`was
`
`a math
`
`teacher
`
`employed
`
`the District
`
`Penziul
`
`was
`
`also
`
`involved
`
`with
`
`the Boys
`
`by
`
`from 1975
`
`to 1981.
`
`Club
`
`of Holland
`
`from
`
`1979
`
`to 1981. While
`
`at school,
`
`Penziul
`
`invited
`
`plaintiff
`
`to play
`
`floor
`
`hockey
`
`at
`
`the Boys
`
`Club
`
`on a Friday
`
`or Saturday
`
`night.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`walked
`
`to the Boys
`
`Club
`
`in the
`
`evening
`
`Club,
`
`and played
`
`floor
`
`hockey.
`
`When
`
`floor
`
`hockey
`
`was
`
`over
`
`and the other
`
`boys
`
`left
`
`the Boys
`
`Penziul
`
`asked
`
`plaintiff
`
`to participate
`
`in a "pain
`
`test",
`
`which
`
`was Penziul's
`
`subterfuge
`
`for
`
`the sexual
`
`abuse.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`claims
`
`he was
`
`abused
`
`by Penziul
`
`at
`
`the Boys
`
`Club
`
`of Holland
`
`on one
`
`occasion.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`told
`
`the District's
`
`Superintendent/Principal,
`
`Herbert
`
`Arnold
`
`of
`
`the abuse
`
`close
`
`to Christmas
`
`1981.
`
`5 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`FILED
`: ERIE
`CLERK
`03/31/2023
`COUNTY
`01:05
`NYSCEF
`DOC. NO.
`141
`
`PN|
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`808449/2020
`INDEX
`NO.
`
`RECEIVED
`
`NYSCEF:
`
`03/31/2023
`
`The Complaint
`
`contains
`
`one cause
`
`of action
`
`against
`
`the District
`
`and one cause
`
`of action
`
`against
`
`Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School.
`
`Both
`
`causes
`
`of action
`
`are identical
`
`and allege
`
`that
`
`the
`
`defendants'
`
`"acts
`
`and conduct
`
`show
`
`a negligent,
`
`grossly
`
`negligent,
`
`reckless
`
`or willful
`
`disregard
`
`for
`
`the health,
`
`safety
`
`and welfare
`
`of Plaintiff
`
`and other
`
`children."
`
`Specifically,
`
`plaintiff
`
`claims
`
`the defendants
`
`failed
`
`to protect
`
`the plaintiff,
`
`negligently
`
`hired
`
`and retained
`
`Penziul,
`
`failed
`
`to
`
`supervise
`
`Penziul
`
`and failed
`
`to supervise
`
`the students.
`
`With
`
`respect
`
`to a motion
`
`based
`
`on CPLR 3212,
`
`"it
`
`is necessary
`
`that
`
`the movant
`
`establish
`
`his cause
`
`of action
`
`or defense
`
`'sufficiently
`
`to warrant
`
`the court
`
`as a matter
`
`of
`
`law in directing
`
`judgment'
`
`in his
`
`favor,
`
`and he must
`
`do so by tender
`
`of evidentiary
`
`proof
`
`in admissible
`
`form.
`
`On
`
`the other
`
`hand,
`
`to defeat
`
`a motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgment
`
`the opposing
`
`party must
`
`'show
`
`facts
`
`sufficient
`
`to require
`
`a trial
`
`issue
`
`of
`
`fact"
`
`(Zuckerman
`
`v New
`
`49 N.Y.2d
`
`557,
`
`562
`
`of any
`
`York,
`
`[1980]
`
`citing
`
`party"
`
`moving
`
`to CPLR
`
`3212(b).
`
`"[F]acts
`
`must
`
`be viewed
`
`in the light most
`
`favorable
`
`to the non-
`
`( Vega
`
`v Restani
`
`Constr.
`
`Corp.,
`
`18 N.Y.3d
`
`499,
`
`503
`
`[2012]
`
`citations
`
`omitted).
`
`It
`
`is initially
`
`noted
`
`that plaintiff
`
`does
`
`not
`
`oppose
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`the negligent
`
`hiring
`
`claim;
`
`dismissal
`
`of all
`
`claims
`
`against
`
`Holland
`
`Middle
`
`School;
`
`and the claim for punitive
`
`damages.
`
`Those
`
`portions
`
`of
`
`the District's
`
`motion
`
`are granted.
`
`The District
`
`first
`
`argues
`
`that
`
`Act
`
`the due
`
`as applied,
`
`the Child
`
`Victims
`
`deprives
`
`it of
`
`process
`
`right
`
`to defend
`
`against
`
`plaintiffs
`
`claims.
`
`A defendant
`
`may
`
`challenge
`
`a statute
`
`as being
`
`unconstitutional
`
`on its face
`
`or as applied.
`
`(See, People
`
`v Stuart,
`
`100 N.Y.2d
`
`412,
`
`421-24
`
`[2003]).
`
`"An
`
`'as-applied
`
`challenge'
`
`requires
`
`an analysis
`
`of
`
`the facts
`
`of a particular
`
`case to determine
`
`whether
`
`the application
`
`of a statute,
`
`even
`
`one constitutional
`
`on its face,
`
`deprived
`
`the individual
`
`to
`
`whom
`
`it was
`
`applied
`
`of a protected
`
`right"
`
`( Field
`
`Day,
`
`LLC v County
`
`of Suffolk,
`
`463 F.3d
`
`167,
`
`2
`
`6 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`,FILED
`ERIE
`COUNTY
`CLERK
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`:
`0
`:
`3
`NYSCEF
`DOC. NO.
`141
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`808449/2020
`INDEX
`NO.
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`03/31/2023
`RECEIVED
`NYSCEF:
`
`174 [2d Cir
`
`2006]).
`
`"Factual
`
`context
`
`and defendant's
`
`circumstances
`
`are
`
`critical"
`
`(U.S.
`
`v Laurent,
`
`861 F. Supp
`
`2d 71, 93 [ED NY 2011]).
`
`Specifically,
`
`the District
`
`argues
`
`that
`
`due to the passage
`
`of
`
`time
`
`principal
`
`Arnold
`
`and
`
`Penziul,
`
`are now deceased
`
`thus
`
`depriving
`
`the District
`
`of
`
`its right
`
`to defend
`
`against
`
`the claim.
`
`The
`
`death
`
`of Arnold
`
`is not
`
`significant
`
`for
`
`the purpose
`
`of due process
`
`because
`
`according
`
`to
`
`no sexual
`
`also
`
`argues
`
`that
`
`the death
`
`of
`
`plaintiff,
`
`abuse
`
`occurred
`
`after
`
`the meeting.
`
`The District
`
`Penziul
`
`deprives
`
`the District
`
`of
`
`the opportunity
`
`to question
`
`him as to the lengths
`
`he undertook
`
`to
`
`shield
`
`his activities
`
`from detection.
`
`That
`
`point
`
`is balanced
`
`by
`
`the fact
`
`that
`
`several
`
`teachers
`
`working
`
`at
`
`the school
`
`at
`
`the time
`
`of
`
`the alleged
`
`abuse
`
`testified
`
`they
`
`had no knowledge
`
`that
`
`Penziul
`
`was
`
`abusing
`
`male
`
`students.
`
`the District's
`
`argument
`
`that
`
`the passage
`
`of
`
`time
`
`eroded
`
`of
`
`Regarding
`
`the possibility
`
`producing
`
`policies
`
`and procedures,
`
`the District
`
`was
`
`provided
`
`the opportunity
`
`to question
`
`teachers
`
`that were
`
`in its employ
`
`during
`
`the relevant
`
`time
`
`on the issue
`
`as well
`
`as on their
`
`training,
`
`observations,
`
`what
`
`they were
`
`aware
`
`of and what
`
`they would
`
`do if
`
`they
`
`suspected
`
`inappropriate
`
`behavior.
`
`Further,
`
`to assert
`
`that
`
`a witness's
`
`failure
`
`to recall
`
`is a basis
`
`for
`
`depriving
`
`due process
`
`is
`
`there
`
`brought
`
`within
`
`shorter
`
`time
`
`frames
`
`where
`
`witnesses
`
`do not
`
`unpersuasive,
`
`since
`
`are cases
`
`recall
`
`circumstances
`
`or
`
`facts.
`
`Therefore,
`
`after
`
`review
`
`of
`
`the circumstances
`
`particular
`
`to this
`
`case,
`
`the Court
`
`finds
`
`the
`
`CVA is not
`
`unconstitutional
`
`as applied.
`
`Actual
`
`notice
`
`is not
`
`at
`
`issue
`
`here.
`
`Though
`
`plaintiff
`
`testified
`
`that
`
`he informed
`
`Arnold
`
`of
`
`the abuse
`
`sometime
`
`close
`
`to Christmas
`
`of 1981,
`
`Penziul
`
`did
`
`not
`
`sexually
`
`abuse
`
`plaintiff
`
`after
`
`that
`
`time.
`
`3
`
`7 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`ERIE
`FILED:
`COUNTY
`CLERK
`:
`3
`5
`NYSCEF
`DOC. NO.
`141
`
`
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`808449/2020
`NO.
`INDEX
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`03/31/2023
`NYSCEF:
`
`RECEIVED
`
`The District
`
`argues
`
`that
`
`it
`
`lacked
`
`constructive
`
`notice
`
`based
`
`on the testimony
`
`of
`
`teachers,
`
`who
`
`testified
`
`they
`
`did
`
`not
`
`suspect
`
`Penziul
`
`was
`
`abusing
`
`students
`
`here.
`
`In opposition,
`
`plaintiff
`
`submitted
`
`the affidavit
`
`of Sherryll
`
`Kraizer,
`
`PhD,
`
`as an expert
`
`in
`
`the field
`
`of prevention,
`
`recognition,
`
`and reporting
`
`of child
`
`abuse,
`
`sexual
`
`harassment,
`
`and
`
`sexual
`
`assault,
`
`and in the standard
`
`of care for
`
`educational
`
`organizations.
`
`In her affidavit,
`
`Dr. Kraizer
`
`states
`
`that
`
`issued
`
`a
`
`"[i]n
`
`1978,
`
`the New York
`
`State Department
`
`of Education
`
`(NYSDOE)
`
`resource
`
`packet
`
`to every
`
`school
`
`district
`
`entitled,
`
`"School
`
`District
`
`Responsibilities
`
`in the Area
`
`of
`
`Child
`
`Abuse
`
`and Neglect."
`
`This
`
`document
`
`defined
`
`the forms
`
`of child
`
`abuse,
`
`listed
`
`the indicators
`
`for
`
`child
`
`abuse,
`
`referenced
`
`resources
`
`for
`
`further
`
`staff
`
`education,
`
`and provided
`
`supplementary
`
`articles."
`
`However,
`
`the resource
`
`packet
`
`was not
`
`attached
`
`as an exhibit
`
`to the motion
`
`and there
`
`is
`
`no evidence
`
`that
`
`the resource
`
`packet
`
`received
`
`Nor was
`
`the information
`
`in the
`
`was
`
`by the District.
`
`resource
`
`packet
`
`quoted
`
`or applied
`
`to the facts
`
`of
`
`the case before
`
`the Court.
`
`Dr. Kraizer
`
`also
`
`states
`
`that
`
`in her opinion
`
`the District
`
`deviated
`
`from the standard
`
`of care by
`
`failing
`
`to have written
`
`policies
`
`and procedures
`
`and training
`
`in place
`
`to protect
`
`students
`
`from sexual
`
`abuse,
`
`among
`
`other
`
`deviations.
`
`However,
`
`the statements
`
`of Dr. Kraizer
`
`are unsupported
`
`by documents,
`
`research
`
`or
`
`data and therefore
`
`are conclusory
`
`and speculative.
`
`As
`
`such,
`
`the expert
`
`affidavit
`
`is insufficient
`
`to
`
`.
`
`raise
`
`a question
`
`of
`
`fact
`
`on the issue
`
`of
`
`the District's
`
`negligence
`
`(see, Westermeyer
`
`v. Whelan,
`
`2023 NY Slip Op 01375,
`
`*2 [4th Dept
`
`2023]).
`
`It
`
`is further
`
`noted
`
`that
`
`the
`
`1973 Child
`
`Protective
`
`Services
`
`Act
`
`referenced
`
`by Dr. Kraizer,
`
`though
`
`not
`
`submitted
`
`by her, was
`
`submitted
`
`by
`
`the
`
`District.
`
`Upon
`
`review,
`
`the standard
`
`set
`
`forth
`
`in the Act
`
`applied
`
`to abuse
`
`by a parent
`
`or person
`
`legally
`
`responsible
`
`for
`
`the child.
`
`Abuse
`
`by a parent
`
`or
`
`legal
`
`guardian
`
`is not
`
`the issue.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`failed
`
`to raise
`
`a triable
`
`issue
`
`of
`
`fact
`
`on the issue
`
`of constructive
`
`notice.
`
`4
`
`8 of 9
`
`

`

`
`FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 05/01/2023 01:58 PMFILED: ORLEANS COUNTY CLERK 10/25/2023 02:56 PM
`
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 143NYSCEF DOC. NO. 138
`ERIE
`. FILED:
`COUNTY
`CLERK
`:
`3
`0
`5
`NYSCEF
`DOC.
`NO.
`141
`
`INDEX NO. 808449/2020INDEX NO. 20-46602
`
`808449/2020
`NO.
`INDEX
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/01/2023RECEIVED NYSCEF: 10/25/2023
`03/31/2023
`NYSCEF:
`RECEIVED
`
`The District
`
`also
`
`argues
`
`the abuse
`
`occurred
`
`off
`
`school
`
`grounds
`
`at a time when
`
`plaintiff
`
`was
`
`not
`
`in the custody
`
`of
`
`the District.
`
`(See, Pratt
`
`v. Robinson,
`
`39 N.Y.2d
`
`554,
`
`560
`
`[1976]).
`
`There
`
`is no evidence
`
`here
`
`that
`
`any
`
`"inappropriate
`
`behavior"
`
`occurred
`
`on school
`
`grounds
`
`during
`
`the school
`
`day.
`
`(Johansmeyer
`
`v. New
`
`York City Department
`
`of Education.,
`
`165 A.D.3d
`
`634,
`
`636
`
`[2nd Dept
`
`2018]).
`
`The District
`
`met
`
`its initial
`
`burden
`
`in establishing
`
`the plaintiff
`
`was
`
`not
`
`in its
`
`or control
`
`at
`
`did
`
`not
`
`breach
`
`owed
`
`to the
`
`custody
`
`the time
`
`of
`
`the abuse
`
`and therefore
`
`a duty
`
`plaintiff.
`
`Plaintiff
`
`failed
`
`to raise
`
`a triable
`
`issue
`
`of
`
`fact.
`
`For
`
`the reasons
`
`stated,
`
`the Districts
`
`motion
`
`for
`
`summary
`
`judgement
`
`is granted
`
`and the
`
`Complaint
`
`dismissed.
`
`Counsel
`
`for
`
`the District
`
`is to prepare
`
`an Order
`
`and
`
`submit
`
`it
`
`to the Court
`
`upon
`
`approval
`
`of
`
`counsel
`
`for plaintiff.
`
`The Order
`
`shall
`
`be submitted
`
`within
`
`30 days
`
`and shall
`
`reference
`
`and attach
`
`the Courts
`
`Decision
`
`to the Order.
`
`DATED:
`
`March
`
`Buffalo,
`
`29, 2023
`New York
`
`Hon.
`
`Deborah
`
`A. Chimes,
`
`J.S.C.
`
`5
`
`9 of 9
`
`