Postal Addressing Standards — Contents
`Publication 28, November 1997
`
`CONTENTS
`ORDERING INFORMATION
`
`1. INTRODUCTION
`2. POSTAL ADDRESSING
`STANDARDS
`3. BUSINESS ADDRESSING
`STANDARDS
`APPENDIXES
`A — ADDRESS FORMATTING
`B — TWO-LETTER STATE AND
`POSSESSION ABBREVIATIONS
`C — STREET ABBREVIATIONS
`D — UNUSUAL ADDRESSING
`SITUATIONS
`
`E — ADDRESS
`STANDARDIZATION —
`ALPHANUMERIC/FRACTIONAL
`CODING
`F — ADDRESS
`STANDARDIZATION — COUNTY,
`STATE, LOCAL HIGHWAYS
`G — BUSINESS WORD
`ABBREVIATIONS
`H — STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS
`FOR SPANISH-LANGUAGE
`ADDRESSES
`I — ADDRESS INFORMATION
`PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
`ORDER FORM
`
`Page (cover)
`
`Commvault Ex. 1051
`Commvault v. Realtime
`US Patent No. 8,717,204
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`1Introduction
`11 Background
`111 Purpose
`112 Scope
`113 Additional Benefits
`12 Overview
`121 List Maintenance
`122 List Correction
`123 Updates
`124 Address Output
`125 Deliverability
`13 Address Information Systems Products and Services
`
`2Postal Addressing Standards
`21 General
`211 Standardized Delivery Address Line and Last Line
`212 Format
`213 Secondary Address Unit Designators
`213.1 Common Designators
`213.2 Pound Sign (#)
`213.3 Alternate Location
`214 Attention Line
`215 Dual Addresses
`22 Last Line of the Address
`221 City Names
`222 Punctuation
`223 Spelling of City Names
`224 Format
`225 Military Addresses
`225.1 Overseas Locations
`225.2 Domestic Locations
`226 Preprinted Delivery Point Barcodes
`23 Delivery Address Line
`231 Components
`232 Street Name
`233 Directionals
`233.1 Abbreviations
`
`1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`November 1997
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`iii
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`Page iii
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`

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`233.2 Single Directionals
`233.21 Predirectional Field
`233.22 Postdirectional Field
`233.23 Two Directionals
`233.3 Directional as Part of Street Name
`234 Suffixes
`234.1 Abbreviations
`234.2 Two Suffixes
`235 Numeric Street Names
`236 Corner Addresses
`237 Highways
`238 Military Addresses
`238.1 Overseas Locations
`238.2 Domestic Locations
`24 Rural Route Addresses
`241 Format
`242 Leading Zero
`243 Hyphens
`244 Designations RFD and RD
`245 Additional Designations
`246 ZIP+4
`25 Highway Contract Route Addresses
`251 Format
`252 Leading Zero
`253 Hyphens
`254 Star Route Designations
`255 Additional Designations
`256 ZIP+4
`26 General Delivery Addresses
`261 Format
`262 ZIP Code or ZIP+4
`27 United States Postal Service Addresses
`271 Format
`272 ZIP Code or ZIP+4
`28 Post Office Box Addresses
`281 Format
`282 Leading Zero
`283 Designations
`284 Private Mailbox Addresses
`29 Puerto Rico Addresses
`291 Format
`
`Postal Addressing Standards
`
`12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`Publication 28
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`Page iv
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`Contents
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`292 Urbanization
`293 Common Translations
`294 Spanish Directionals
`295 Delivery Address Line
`295.1 General
`295.2 Street Names
`295.3 Numbered Streets
`295.4 House Numbers
`295.5 Urbanization
`295.6 Post Office Box
`295.7 Rural Route
`
`3Business Addressing Standards
`31 General
`311 Joint Industry and Postal Service Standardization Efforts
`312 Unique Addressing Issues
`313 Business Address Standardization Factors
`313.1 Costly Inefficiencies in the Merge/Purge Process
`313.2 Costly Poor Address Hygiene
`313.3 Costly Missed Opportunities for Barcoding Discounts
`313.4 Costly Non-deliverability
`314 Purpose of Standardization
`32 Scope of Standardization
`321 Benefits
`322 Business-to-Business List Maintenance
`323 Business-to-Business List Correction
`324 Business-to-Business List Updates
`325 Business-to-Business Address Output
`326 Business-to-Business Deliverability
`33 Defining Business-to-Business Data Elements
`34 Line Removal Guidelines
`341 Sample Business Address Format
`342 Primary Considerations
`343 Address Line Removal
`343.1 Lines Required for Postal Service Distribution
`343.2 Required Lines for Certain Postal Service Programs
`343.3 Optional Lines
`35 Address Data Element Compression Guidelines
`351 Removal and Deletion Restrictions
`352 Abbreviations
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`26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`November 1997
`
`v
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`Page v
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`

`

`353 Right-to-Left Evaluation
`354 Special Characters
`355 Remove Certain Words
`356 Wrapping
`357 Line #9 Compression
`358 Standard State Name Abbreviations
`359 Repetitive Word Removal
`3510Short-Ending Substitution
`3511Last Word Abbreviations
`3512Vowel Removal
`
`Appendix A — Address Formatting
`A1Readability
`A2Address Types
`A3International Addresses
`A31 General Requirements
`A32 Canada Only
`
`Postal Addressing Standards
`
`46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Appendix B — Two-Letter State and Possession Abbreviations
`
`61. . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Appendix C — Street Abbreviations
`C1Street Suffix Abbreviations
`C2Secondary Unit Designators
`
`Appendix D — Unusual Addressing Situations
`D1Hyphenated Address Ranges
`D2Grid Style Addresses
`D3Alphanumeric Combinations of Address Ranges
`D4Fractional Addresses
`D5Spanish and Other Foreign Words
`
`63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`72. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Appendix E — Address Standardization— Alphanumeric/Fractional
`Coding
`E1Format
`E11 Determining Address Ranges
`E12 Alphanumeric Ranges
`E12.1 Format
`E12.2 Middle Range
`E12.3 Alpha and Numeric Range Format
`E12.4 Multiple Alphas in a Single Field
`
`73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`

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`Contents
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`E12.5 Grid Addresses
`E12.6 Odd/Even/Both Indicator
`E13 Fractional Addresses
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`76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Appendix F — Address Standardization— County, State, Local Highways
`
`77. . .
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`Appendix G — Business Word Abbreviations
`
`79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Appendix H — Standard Abbreviations for Spanish-Language Addresses
`
`121. . . .
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`Appendix I — Address Information Products and Services Order Form
`
`123. . . . . .
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`November 1997
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`vii
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`Page vii
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`

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`1 Introduction
`
`11 Background
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`111 Purpose
`Jointly developed by the Postal Service and mailing industry, standardized
`address information enhances the processing and delivery of mail, reduces
`undeliverable-as-addressed mail, and provides mutual cost reduction
`opportunities through improved efficiency. The standards include the uniform
`methods for matching addresses with the information in AIS products and
`formats for outputting addresses on mailpieces. This document describes
`both standardized address formats and content. It outlines the guidelines that
`govern how address information appears in the Address Information System
`(AIS) products. Format describes how the various elements appear on a
`mailpiece or in an address record. Content describes the characters that
`constitute the various address elements.
`
`Our objectives in compiling a universal format for maintaining information in
`the Address Management System (source for the AIS products) and an
`output format are twofold:
`To facilitate customer use of AIS products, in particular, the ZIP+4 and
`City State files, thereby maximizing matching potential.
`To optimize the processing capability of automated equipment through
`improved address quality.
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`A standardized address is one that is fully spelled out, abbreviated by using
`the Postal Service standard abbreviations (shown in this publication or as
`shown in the current Postal Service ZIP+4 File), and uses the proper format
`for the address style (shown in this publication).
`
`112 Scope
`Postal units are adopting these standards, which are required by all internal
`processing systems and our licensees. This includes the National Change of
`Address (NCOA) System and Address Change Service (ACS). Mailers are
`encouraged to incorporate the standards as a means to improve service and
`deliverability.
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`November 1997
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`1
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`113
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`Postal Addressing Standards
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`113 Additional Benefits
`There are additional benefits achieved through improved address quality and
`a standardized address format, such as increasing the potential deliverability
`of mail once processed and consistency in address information stored in
`customer files and directories. Our emphasis is to clarify addressing
`techniques and unusual addressing conventions to provide a uniform
`approach to matching these addresses through customer products and
`automated equipment.
`
`12 Overview
`
`121 List Maintenance
`Postal Addressing Standards provides guidance on the most efficient means
`to output an address to a mailpiece. It is necessary to begin with list
`maintenance, or list management, to ensure that the content of the address is
`accurate and complete. A variety of address information products and
`services is available to assist in list maintenance. The standards facilitate the
`use of these products by providing a uniform file format for data entry of
`address information, as well as for extraction of information for matching
`purposes.
`
`It is recommended that delivery address information be stored in a minimum
`of 30 bytes or spaces in your computer system. The optimum
`recommendation is 64 bytes or spaces to be compatible with the Postal
`Service National ZIP+4 database.
`
`The Postal Service defines a complete address as one that has all the
`address elements necessary to allow an exact match with the current Postal
`Service ZIP+4 and City State Files to obtain the finest level of ZIP+4 and
`delivery point codes for the delivery address. A complete address may be
`required on mail at some automation rates. See DMM A010 for more detailed
`information.
`
`A standardized address is one that is fully spelled out, abbreviated by using
`the Postal Service standard abbreviations shown in this publication or as
`shown in the current Postal Service ZIP+4 File.
`
`122 List Correction
`Once an address has been matched against the address information files,
`the address list should be corrected accordingly. It is important to understand
`that failing to correct your address list with the matched data could result in
`lower match rates as the USPS address information files are updated. Lower
`match rates equal higher postage rates. A match implies that suffixes,
`directionals, spellings, and city names as found in the files are correct and
`necessary for efficient processing and delivery of mail. Other important
`elements are apartment or suite numbers, post office box addresses, and a
`complete rural/highway contract route address (with route and box numbers).
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`Introduction
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`13
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`Addresses that have been standardized contain all the necessary address
`elements as matched against the ZIP+4 and City State Files.
`
`123 Updates
`Once files are updated, establish list management procedures to ensure
`timely updates to maintain accuracy. It is highly recommended that new
`addresses go through a verification and standardization process to obtain the
`correct ZIP+4 and delivery point codes prior to adding them to your master
`address list.
`
`124 Address Output
`Once an address list has gone through a standardization process, look at the
`output of the address as it appears on the mailpiece, insert, or address label.
`Some postal addressing standards relate to format and readability factors. A
`standardized address should also be machine readable so it can be
`processed on high-speed optical character readers (OCRs). Publication 25,
`Designing Business Letter Mail, contains specifications for properly
`formatting and printing delivery address information on letter mail. Following
`these readability guidelines for letter mail that has not been barcoded helps
`to ensure successful OCR processing. Some important elements affecting
`machine readability are contained in Appendix A of this document. For
`complete information, however, we recommend you obtain a copy of
`Publication 25 from your local post office. If your mailpieces will be submitted
`for automation rates, the requirements in Domestic Mail Manual (DMM) A800
`and C840 must be met.
`
`125 Deliverability
`The final benefit of address standardization is deliverability of a mailpiece.
`Complete addresses that have matched Postal Service files or directories
`have a better chance of being promptly and correctly delivered. Printing
`complete information on a mailpiece and eliminating extraneous information
`that can confuse delivery personnel or be misread by postal equipment does
`a lot to get the mail delivered on time. We are continuing to explore ways to
`improve the processing and delivery of mail in a timely, cost-effective manner.
`Address standardization is a positive step toward improved address quality
`and is a cost-effective operation for both postal customers and the Postal
`Service.
`
`13 Address Information Systems Products and Services
`
`The Postal Service offers a wide range of products and services to help
`mailers improve and maintain address quality. The products and services
`listed below can lower production and postage costs by reducing
`undeliverable-as-addressed mail and by qualifying more mailpieces for
`postage discounts.
`
`November 1997
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`3
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`13
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`Postal Addressing Standards
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`For additional information or to order any address information products or
`services, contact the National Customer Support Center as indicated below:
`ACS — Address Change Service
`Address List Correction Service
`Address List Sequencing Service
`ADVANCE
`AEC — Address Element Correction
`ALMS — Address List Management System
`Barcoding and Address Standardization
`CASS — Coding Accuracy Support System
`CD-ROM ZIP+4 Retrieval Microcomputer System
`CDS — Computerized Delivery Sequence File
`City State File
`CRIS — Carrier Route Information System File
`Delivery Sequence File
`Delivery Statistics File
`Diskette Coding for Local Mailers
`Drop Ship Address and ZIP Carrier File
`FASTforwardSM
`Five-Digit ZIP Code File
`LACS — Locatable Address Conversion System
`Mailing List Service
`National Five-Digit ZIP Code and Post Office Directory
`National ZIP+4 Code Printer State Directories
`NCOA — National Change of Address
`NDI — National Deliverability Index
`PAVE — Presort Accuracy Validation and Evaluation
`POSTNET Barcode Certification
`RIBBS — Rapid Information Bulletin Board System
`TIGER/ZIP FILE
`Z4CHANGE
`ZIP+4 National File
`ZIPMOVE
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`CUSTOMER SUPPORT DEPARTMENT
`NATIONAL CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTER
`UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE
`6060 PRIMACY PKWY STE 201
`MEMPHIS TN 38188-0001
`1-800-238-3150
`
`4
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`Publication 28
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`2 Postal Addressing Standards
`
`21 General
`
`211 Standardized Delivery Address Line and Last Line
`The Delivery Address Line and the Last Line of addresses output to the
`mailpiece should be complete, standardized, and validated with the ZIP+4
`File and City State File, respectively.
`
`It is recommended that delivery address information be stored in a minimum
`of 30 bytes or spaces in your computer system. The optimum
`recommendation is 64 bytes or spaces to be compatible with the Postal
`Service National ZIP+4 database.
`
`The Postal Service defines a complete address as one that has all the
`address elements necessary to allow an exact match with the current Postal
`Service ZIP+4 and City State Files to obtain the finest level of ZIP+4 and
`delivery point codes for the delivery address. A complete address may be
`required on mail at some automation rates. See DMM A010 for more detailed
`information.
`
`A standardized address is one that is fully spelled out, abbreviated by using
`the Postal Service standard abbreviations (shown in this publication) or as
`shown in the current Postal Service ZIP+4 File.
`
`ABC MOVERS
`1500 E MA