WOSA
`
`
`
`
`
`Windows
` Open Services
`
`Page 1 of 165
`
`

`
`WQSA
`
`Windows
`
`Open Services
`
`Architecture
`
`Jerry Cashin
`z(
`
`Page 2 of 165
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`wees: Windows Gpen Services Archiiecture
`
`Cepyright éé Cismpeier Teceewegy Researce Carp,
`
`Férst Edition ~ ‘$994
`
`{SEN $5658?-—818~X
`
`ASS rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this work may be reproduced or
`used in any farm whatsoever -« graphic, efectronic, or mechanicais insiudingaphoieeopying, recerdingi
`taping or informaiion storage and retrieves systems —~ without writien permission of the pubiishea
`
`Pubiished by Compuier Technciogy Research Corp., Charleston, South Carmina U,S.A.
`
`White every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this zreport, the pubiisher assumes no
`responsibility or kiabiiity for esters or omissions, or for any damages resuiting from the use of the
`information contained herem.
`
`The precinct names menfiened herein we traéemazksg registered trademarks, er service marks e? tseis
`respective companies, They are used in this reeves‘: Ea editeria¥ fashien 0533:; their meeiéee eeee rzoi
`impiy eneorsemeni er any affiiiaiien betweee the semgaeiee anti Cemeufer Teseeeiegy Research Sage
`
`
`; Eeiies -- Sean J. iéeegree
`I
`fissisieni Eeiters ~ éaera fa’. éieeeeg eiaeeg Wagees
`ease: ;%es£etaet - Qeeeea §a::,:5<
`iiregfiic ares: - ééeeey iafagrees
`
`iibzary ef Ceegseee Seéaiegiegeie-fiehiieaziea eate
`
`fiesaia, Jerrya
`
`i. Ezie,
`
`%*€QS£& : ‘éiéiaeieess Seer; Services ereaiieeiere 3 Jere; Sasézie -~ is: ea,
`:3. ea:
`
`ES8?ai 1~§$$§?»§§8—>< : $‘§§§,§§
`$5 %i%;’§eaes:‘»2s §C%f¥‘:;}:.§’£§:’ ezegraree} 25 fiemeeier aiseiiesazre.
`
`Page 3 of 165
`
`

`
`WOSA
`
`Windsws Open
`Services Archmcture
`
`T§;8LE OF CQf%i'§’E!*~£'°f’S
`
`Eféiféééifiiiéfi
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`=
`
`‘
`
`g
`
`¢
`
`»
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`¢
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`¢
`
`,
`
`.
`
`¢
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`¢
`
`Ex
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`3
`
`$
`
`‘
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`i
`K
`
`9
`
`.
`;
`.
`
`E
`
`a
`.
`;
`
`,
`
`3
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`:
`.
`.
`
`;
`
`,
`t
`.
`
`»
`
`I:
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`3
`§
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`i
`
`§
`;
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`.
`§
`
`@
`
`¢
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`;
`»
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`;
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`5
`
`¢
`.
`§
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`
`“E
`
`5
`5;
`§
`
`,
`>
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`gxesaiive Sgiamayy .
`%s’%§GS§a Eaciagrezzrzd am Qvemiew .
`Cfiffiffiflfi izéierfaee .
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`‘
`E
`.
`.
`¢
`,
`*
`
`%**éQSé*a figgfziiesiaya ;
`
`¥
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`E
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`G
`
`;
`
`R
`,
`$
`
`.
`
`E
`.
`a
`
`.
`
`,
`,
`.
`
`;
`
`E
`;
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`,
`.
`
`;
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`*
`.
`E
`
`E
`
`.
`
`3
`
`;
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`$
`
`9
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Y
`
`’¢
`
`5
`
`g
`
`,
`
`;
`
`9
`
`§
`
`é
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`9
`
`;
`
`.
`
`$
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`¢
`
`§
`
`E
`
`,
`
`5
`
`.
`
`,
`
`8
`
`8
`
`‘:e’2:‘GS£ Beneféis ;
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`§
`
`‘
`
`,
`
`;
`
`;
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`‘fiifififi, as a Siraiggés Reamgrce .
`iéiarsssfi Wémésws
`§
`.
`.
`,
`,
`C
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`§
`
`,
`
`.
`*
`
`g
`
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`‘
`¢
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`
`‘
`
`?
`9
`
`a
`
`,
`E
`
`Q
`
`;
`.
`
`»
`
`,
`§
`
`.
`.
`
`E
`.
`.
`C
`
`;
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`;
`.
`
`‘
`.
`.
`§
`
`.
`.
`
`,
`‘
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`
`;
`5
`,
`,
`
`‘
`g
`
`*
`3
`S
`,
`
`§
`&
`
`.
`.
`;
`,
`
`.
`.
`
`&
`.
`Q
`.
`
`;
`3
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`5
`.
`
`.
`§
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`
`2
`,
`
`§
`.
`.
`E
`
`,
`(
`
`.
`g
`.
`E
`
`3
`E
`
`E
`.
`.
`.
`
`;
`.
`
`.
`;
`.
`,
`
`u
`.
`
`,
`‘
`.
`E
`
`,
`.
`
`.
`¢
`.
`E
`
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`S
`
`.
`.
`
`‘
`.
`£
`.
`
`§
`,
`
`g
`C
`5
`.
`
`. E2
`3
`ifi
`
`. E8
`.
`2?
`, 23
`, 25
`
`Qpan fiaiabage émnesiéviéy ‘
`fxéessaging ERPE
`;
`;
`,
`.
`;
`.
`e
`,
`.
`,
`.
`License Service A9: {LSAPE3 ,
`iéiénésws Ssckets AFE .
`E
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`Wifiééws SEA AW .
`
`.
`
`fi
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`g
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`S
`,
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`.
`‘
`§
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`;
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`E
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`;
`;
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`9
`,
`‘
`
`.
`
`i
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`E
`
`.
`
`9
`
`.
`
`B
`
`§
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`;
`
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`§
`
`§
`
`e
`
`.
`
`K
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`a
`
`.
`
`;
`
`,
`
`S
`
`1
`
`2‘?
`
`. 28
`
`Remeie Fasgceéure Caii APE .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`WQSA Exésnsicsns Fer F%nar2<:%a£ Sewices .
`
`.
`
`i
`
`;
`
`§
`
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`;
`
`.
`
`.
`
`g
`
`,
`
`‘
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`E
`
`.
`
`,
`
`§
`
`,
`
`§
`
`,
`
`.
`
`‘
`
`.
`
`.
`
`x
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`E
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`_
`
`.
`
`S
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`‘
`
`.
`
`2%
`
`3%
`
`Rétggié Eérecfians §
`
`.
`
`§
`
`,
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`2‘
`
`‘Free §§5§F%§Q¥€S Ei'¥V§§f8F"i¥"f¥e%‘it
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`Perférmarzce and Reiéahiééty .
`Qbjeci L§f‘£§<§{‘§g 55:6 Embedding §
`Eiiiyzéezasg fer Pens .
`.
`.
`,
`.
`;
`,
`.
`,
`A
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`
`X
`
`§
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`§
`
`S
`
`.
`.
`5
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`
`.
`
`E
`¢
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`§
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`;
`
`§
`
`=
`.
`,
`
`.
`
`g
`,
`.
`
`.
`
`Q
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`,
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`S
`E
`3
`
`.
`
`‘
`.
`2
`
`§
`
`¢
`.
`§
`
`.
`
`§
`.
`.
`
`K
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`*
`
`.
`,
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`*
`
`.
`
`.
`i
`.
`
`E
`
`.
`@
`‘
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`
`.
`
`»
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`5
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`.
`
`,
`
`e
`.
`E
`
`,
`
`.
`.
`D
`
`. 33
`
`E 35
`. E?
`‘ 38
`
`§
`¢
`.
`.
`L
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`Wéfiéevgs éésiwsrxéag ,
`E
`§i?%c§a:sc:§i’s Wéndavags fa: V¥€}§‘§é§fGE,§§3 Siraiegy S
`%fi£%:2§§:;%;s fa}: %‘*s;‘§r§»;§:’s:s§3 aunsieé Rgpiéaaiéezis ,
`Eéeéziszsfééing C:3r:’:;:a%.%§%%%:;r
`.
`.
`p
`,
`§
`.
`.
`Q
`.
`§
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`E
`,
`éfiéixéswg 5%?‘ am ?\§$€%%?§§§<i§’?§
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`X
`,
`.
`Q
`,
`.
`;
`§
`.
`§*§§§§§€§§¥£$
`$25? 33 3?: %§8E’§i§f‘%§ S‘g$’§8%“{‘E
`3
`5
`5
`,
`,
`.
`.
`¥§§§‘E§§%‘:§$ 952$ ‘%§*£f;%$% ,
`e
`a
`,
`,
`,
`.
`;
`5
`a
`§
`%
`.
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`
`,
`
`Rgiaggs §§§:’%:::%%§%'§.:~:
`
`.
`
`$
`
`,
`
`§
`
`.
`
`.
`
`s
`
`.
`
`&
`
`.
`
`>
`
`Q
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`,
`
`r
`
`,
`
`.
`
`=
`
`E
`9
`,
`,
`.
`,
`.
`
`fi
`
`.
`.
`.
`k
`,
`a
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`K
`,
`§
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`*
`§
`
`;
`
`.
`.
`§
`.
`,
`.
`£
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`,
`§
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`,
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`g
`,
`
`»
`
`.
`5
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`.
`&
`¢
`»
`W
`.
`
`.
`
`¢
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`,
`.
`
`'i
`
`,
`¢
`.
`E
`*
`.
`;
`
`fi
`
`3
`
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`W
`.
`
`,
`
`g
`
`,
`.
`e
`B
`,
`.
`,
`
`Q
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`¢
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`4
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`g
`.
`.
`%
`,
`
`K
`
`Q
`
`.
`.
`*
`.
`§
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`,
`,
`§
`‘
`Q
`.
`§
`
`_
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`.
`,
`1
`.
`
`.
`
`§
`
`3%
`.
`£3?
`>
`5+2:
`5
`:13
`.
`£21
`6
`.2 £5
`>
`-fig
`
`. £8
`
`£1
`
`£12
`
`3»
`
`%%§%3$,& §§:§":¥i%::::§§§ ‘
`
`$i,%%”%”§:*3?. figggbiéiies §
`{?§§*:r%§:.;%§§ Syaégms
`§‘a;‘:::£%%§%§ $8fE.fE:’:':€ §§§$
`Qiéeai E
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`‘
`
`.
`
`.
`
`»
`,
`E
`.
`
`>
`
`,
`W
`.
`.
`
`;
`
`,
`K
`,
`.
`
`;
`
`§
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`E
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`»
`.
`,
`‘
`
`@
`
`.
`,
`E
`D
`
`.
`
`.
`:
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`»
`.
`.
`
`6
`
`D
`.
`5
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`k
`3
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`,
`.
`D
`
`.
`
`,
`5
`.
`1
`
`;
`
`.
`‘
`;
`.
`
`$
`
`.
`.
`.
`$
`
`§
`
`,
`.
`.
`*
`
`E
`
`¢
`a
`g
`;
`
`§
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`
`,
`
`.
`,
`.
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`»
`.
`
`fi
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`k
`.
`,
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`S
`,
`~
`
`*
`
`.
`é
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`&
`.
`k
`9
`
`,
`
`¢
`.
`.
`3
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`1
`.
`>
`.
`
`%
`K
`.
`.
`
`E
`,
`4
`,
`
`;
`.
`.
`.
`
`é
`.
`>
`.
`
`.
`2‘
`.
`»
`
`d
`,
`,
`‘
`
`K
`,
`.
`‘
`
`<::i‘%
`$12
`$5:
`.;E§
`
`Page 4 of 165
`
`

`
`timer: Satafiase Ccnnectiviiy .
`fiésiary .
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`.
`E
`.
`§
`.
`.
`,
`;
`,
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`038$ Bagics .
`‘
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`g
`.
`g
`SS3 Siandard .
`.
`,
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Agpiécaiéan Eeveispmeni
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Csmectirzg :3 a Dam Sgume ,
`.
`$886 Saféwaze §n3ia%§a%%an
`.
`,
`§
`0586 Aiéamaiéveg ,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`1
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`¢
`;
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`S
`,
`
`.
`.
`a
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`e
`,
`§
`.
`§
`
`.
`,
`
`,
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`¢
`,
`.
`.
`.
`*
`.
`;
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`i
`.
`.
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`g
`,
`.
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`,
`
`.
`.
`»
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`9
`
`.
`3
`.
`¥
`;
`.
`.
`.
`
`‘
`,
`=
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`K
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`=
`.
`§
`
`3
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`V‘
`
`g
`*
`.
`.
`.
`x
`§
`,
`
`,
`.
`e
`4
`‘
`.
`§
`E
`
`¢
`:
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`,
`,
`,
`9
`
`.
`§
`,
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`Q
`
`,
`.
`,
`;
`;
`.
`a
`‘
`
`.
`.
`.
`§
`,
`i
`.
`g
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`9
`g
`z
`
`5:?
`.
`. 5?
`K
`5%
`. 88
`Q ?3
`.
`“E3
`‘ ?§
`. ?$
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`E
`,
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`Q
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`3
`.
`§
`§
`
`,
`.
`fi
`¢
`,
`,
`,
`
`‘
`g
`¢
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`.
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`
`E
`.
`;
`,
`Q
`5
`,
`
`.
`.
`;
`E
`,
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`
`¢
`,
`,
`;
`.
`§
`5
`
`.
`A
`£
`.
`¢
`§
`§
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`‘
`.
`a
`
`E
`3
`.
`.
`,
`S
`K
`
`‘?$
`g
`t E
`g
`8%
`. 88
`. 8§
`. §§
`. §§
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`;
`messagiag .&P¥
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`Hiaiayy .
`.
`.
`¢
`,
`.
`Massaging Sabsysiem ,
`MAP: Ayciziéecéure .
`E
`.
`.
`§%:%.§%PE Séitiiifififi
`.
`.
`,
`5
`.
`‘
`éjéerzzaifvé Sianéasds
`.
`Fz:::::§ Srirecéims .
`.
`.
`,
`
`$
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`E
`
`,
`.
`.
`§
`g
`5
`g
`
`.
`,
`V,
`g
`.
`I
`.
`
`$
`.
`.
`.
`,
`»
`,
`
`*
`‘
`E
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`S
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`;
`‘
`,
`.
`
`;
`
`.
`
`.
`,
`.
`3
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`§
`.
`,
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`§
`.
`.
`
`.
`$
`E
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`§
`.
`§
`s
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`,
`
`E
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`a
`
`.
`.
`g
`‘
`.
`E
`S
`
`A
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`
`,
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`‘
`
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`
`g
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`.
`;
`,
`K
`§
`.
`¢
`
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`.
`
`;
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`E
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`a
`,
`.
`K
`fi
`
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`£
`K
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`
`Q
`.
`;
`E
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`.
`g
`
`A
`.
`2
`.
`§
`,
`.
`
`A
`.
`,
`,
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`é
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`9
`.
`.
`.
`é
`,
`g
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`
`.
`a
`,
`.
`g
`&
`,
`.
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`; g; .
`,
`,
`,
`,
`,
`,
`S
`.
`,
`;
`.
`.
`
`9
`,
`,
`,
`,
`.
`;
`,
`
`E
`,
`.
`.
`.
`;
`,
`,
`
`,
`.
`,
`K
`a
`.
`K
`.
`
`.
`é
`.
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`.
`g
`¢
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`;
`(
`S
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`9
`
`.
`é
`,
`,
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`3
`§
`k
`.
`.
`
`Q
`§
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`:
`,
`‘
`,
`.
`.
`g
`
`. $3
`.
`.
`3%
`,
`,
`91?
`g
`. 98
`.
`18$
`;
`‘$02
`,
`§ ma
`. E95
`
`V
`License Serzsise A533
`3
`i..S§:?% S;::a§s .
`¢
`E
`,
`.
`§
`.
`LSAP% Fzmciisn Cafis
`.
`.
`LSAFE Efiviféfiméfiifi
`.
`.
`,
`LSAPI Benefiis ,
`.
`.
`Qggraiiarza Qvervéew §
`LS3?) Vesdzx Sugsport
`C{}!"tC§L%S§::?f2
`.
`.
`a
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`Windcws Ssckets AP} .
`Seckets Basécs .
`,
`.
`.
`,
`,
`,
`Berigeiey Ciezréaiisns ;
`.
`.
`,
`‘«fi§§::§aws Exierisians ‘
`.
`,
`Emgfemérzzaiiez“;
`.
`Q
`.
`a
`.
`.
`§
`
`,
`,
`g
`.
`.
`.
`S
`.
`
`.
`.
`~
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`S
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`¥
`E
`«
`
`.
`;
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`x
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`;
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`¥
`E
`.
`.
`
`,
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`E
`3
`.
`.
`,
`;
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`‘
`
`K
`.
`S
`.
`Q
`
`.
`.
`.
`§
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`»
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`;
`,
`
`,
`,
`S
`.
`«
`
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`§
`E
`9
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`Q
`
`;
`.
`.
`;
`‘
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`E
`
`.
`Q
`.
`E
`¢
`
`.
`.
`,
`.
`&
`
`.
`.
`¢
`,
`.
`
`.
`E
`.
`,
`*
`
`.
`.
`.
`5
`&
`
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`‘
`A
`.
`K
`.
`
`.
`.
`,
`K
`,
`
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`
`§
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`2
`§
`;
`‘
`
`*
`~
`,
`E
`
`.
`.
`x
`.
`.
`
`.
`;
`.
`.
`
`.
`3
`,
`.
`§
`
`,
`.
`,
`,
`
`.
`.
`g
`,
`,
`
`.
`*2
`‘
`‘
`
`. H}?
`.
`$38
`. H3
`,
`‘H4
`.
`‘$34
`
`f
`g
`.
`(-
`
`:3?
`if?
`EE8
`E2?
`
`‘winaéeésgs Séég fifi .
`gm 9% G¥§f"J§§%"‘«:’
`,
`53% Same? ,
`,
`,
`.
`.
`§::::;::‘§ °§‘r§::és ;
`.
`.
`¢
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`§
`.
`S
`
`.
`,
`»
`,
`
`.
`$
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`*
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`g
`.
`t
`
`¢
`g
`.
`‘
`
`.
`?
`.
`$
`
`.
`.
`%
`,
`
`,
`.
`,
`;
`
`.
`:
`‘
`,
`
`.
`.
`E
`‘
`
`¢
`*
`,
`,
`
`,
`,
`‘
`E
`
`§
`.
`§
`,
`
`§
`.
`.
`.
`
`§
`,
`,
`g
`
`;
`.
`S
`§
`
`,
`.
`.
`,
`
`§
`§
`¢
`«
`
`.
`.
`,
`E
`
`G
`.
`iféférzészéég EX§§{§$§§E“§§ 1%: ?§§’:§:1s§a§ Sswisas ‘
`5
`,
`ISQFS Gvefigiavs ,
`.
`E
`.
`.
`(
`.
`,
`.
`§
`.
`b
`A
`.
`g
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`*
`.
`&
`.
`.
`§
`fiascéziigsiagfai iasasas .
`.
`D
`»
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`A
`;
`.
`.
`¢
`*
`.
`g
`.
`.
`S
`éfié §£,£?‘§%$E§::Z2§"%$
`E
`,
`§
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`i
`.
`E
`=
`.
`K
`,
`.
`i
`,
`$
`,
`=
`,
`.
`K
`¥
`.
`édfflifiifiéfaiififi §:§2%’EQ§§§%"2S 38$ Sg§§%f%§ Sgmmandg *
`§§“f’%§§E?‘§3§é£E‘E§’§%§f"i
`.
`%
`r
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`¢
`.
`.
`,
`,
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`3
`.
`b
`
`‘
`g
`,
`,
`
`.
`2
`.
`&
`.
`;
`
`»
`.
`§
`.
`
`,
`.
`,
`.
`‘
`,
`
`.
`§
`.
`,
`
`»
`.
`,
`g
`,
`.
`
`¢
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`~
`.
`E
`,
`.
`
`%
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`g
`
`g
`.
`E
`.
`
`fl
`%
`¢
`.
`,
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`k
`
`.
`E
`t
`,
`,
`§
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`D
`.
`&
`y
`
`3
`*
`.
`9
`
`>
`.
`E
`*
`.
`1
`
`,
`‘
`.
`‘
`
`.
`,
`E
`.
`;
`.
`
`.
`E
`I
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`g
`
`*
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`
`;
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`$
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`¢
`,
`,
`
`K
`»
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`
`. E23
`a
`£23
`i Q?‘
`1
`72%
`. E33
`.
`‘%3§
`
`Page 5 of 165
`
`

`
`‘£3,
`
`‘E1.
`
`‘éiigzéwgg Qemeie §§’§$$§i3!‘9 (33%:
`RFC ifivgfzsigaéz
`.
`.
`?
`.
`.
`,
`Q
`.
`a
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`$§§eai5Se:%: Eazégzéei
`,
`.
`.
`§
`.
`a
`.
`.
`.
`;
`.
`RPS Sgveiagréséni Yaska .
`.
`.
`.
`»
`,
`.
`Eaigwéacg Seééaéiésn Laragzsage .
`.
`.
`,
`Suiidéng E‘:?S éggéésaiéssg ,
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`
`..é;i3§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`‘
`.
`.
`
`A
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`
`véiéaéwss E§"§%’§%‘§f‘§£‘§‘§$£Ei “¥":3éa-Gffs .
`§a£%:§:’§:.:§%é
`.
`.
`K
`;
`,
`,
`§
`.
`,
`.
`e
`§
`a
`,
`.
`.
`.
`a
`§3V§§‘§£§§‘é£$ 33:. E:’%E‘$i.§f:§ S852 2.x ,
`;
`.
`.
`.
`figrgééiiisrzai Limétaéisng &
`5
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`g
`.
`.
`,
`.
`Fiiiagre
`E
`.
`.
`.
`.
`K
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`b
`,
`¢
`g
`.
`§
`,
`&
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`;
`§
`.
`¢
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`
`.
`.
`3
`.
`E
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`;
`
`,
`.
`;
`.
`E
`
`§
`g
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`§
`.
`.
`;
`;
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`.
`.
`J
`,
`.
`
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`$
`
`.
`;
`‘
`.
`K
`.
`
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`;
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`.
`.
`k
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`5
`.
`g
`
`9
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`,
`x
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`Q
`
`E
`Q
`,
`.
`,
`
`.
`,
`.
`,
`&
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`,
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`
`&
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Q
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`,
`,
`.
`;
`G
`
`V
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`
`‘
`9
`,
`,
`.
`
`,
`*
`.
`.
`.
`,
`
`&
`.
`.
`~
`.
`
`,
`‘
`,
`,
`.
`.
`
`,
`g
`.
`.
`.
`
`§
`.
`,
`‘
`.
`.
`
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`5
`
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`k
`,
`,
`
`¢
`g
`§
`.
`;
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`§
`K
`.
`.
`t
`
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`V
`
`&
`;
`.
`.
`.
`x
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`;
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`
`.
`.
`g
`.
`.
`
`.
`,
`_
`.
`g
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`h
`
`€31
`131
`€32
`€3§
`‘£3?
`13%
`
`X mi
`.
`‘£41
`.
`1&3
`K
`345;
`.
`‘£45
`
`é?§E?*%S£CES
`
`£12;
`8*
`Cg
`CE.
`E.
`
`K
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`§
`5
`.
`g
`.
`_
`¢
`E
`.
`.
`;
`;
`,
`,
`$
`K
`*
`g
`9
`§
`&
`.
`SQES Fifiéfiiflkié Ségmmgfy 9
`§§fix?§~rgEa%é§ Yerms, Assmiaiefi CQ?"§€:8§3’£S§ and Méeznatizse ¥i’§§§e§$
`Wisfiswg {sf ‘€v‘sr§<gfe:.s§s
`1
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`.
`§
`E
`,
`.
`.
`g
`.
`.
`b
`5
`.
`e
`.
`g
`,
`,
`.
`.
`§
`E
`3
`‘
`.
`hi? KIQFSLES ::%:=e %"§§£’§§
`.
`§
`g
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`E
`,
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`*
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`,
`§
`.
`,
`Eanéatizég $§fSiEE"€‘§ Vendsr Cezmszéi fiantawts .
`.
`§
`.
`;
`,
`.
`*
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`
`,
`
`,
`.
`.
`
`éZj:§
`%§3
`332?
`15?,
`‘£63
`
`Page 6 of 165
`
`€
`€
`

`
`£..¥ST G? FJGURES
`
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`1.3 WGSA3 Qperaiienaf Pisa .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`9
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`3.2 Windows 099:: Services Archiieciure .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘L3
`Carzeni ans? Pfamed Empiementaiians
`.
`.
`.
`$.11: Grde: Entry Package in Two Qfifereni Czzstsmer Settings .
`.
`.
`.
`‘L5 Winficws Scmabie Architecture
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`*
`.
`3.8 G388 Architecture .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`.
`,
`‘
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`&
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`‘
`.
`¢
`‘$3.?
`Licease Service APE imfiementatioa within WOSA ,
`.
`.
`,
`§
`,
`,
`.
`?.8 WGSA Exfensiens far Finar:<*;§a¥ Services
`.
`.
`§
`.
`$
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`¥
`.
`.
`§
`2:!
`The W%n:§ows Fiia Maaager Screen .
`,
`E
`3
`9
`g
`B
`.
`,
`g
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`2.2
`The Layout 3? Windows fer Werkgreups ,
`.
`§
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`:13 WGSA Singie Set APEs
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`x
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`5
`*
`,
`,
`,
`.
`.
`*
`.
`.
`,
`§
`13,‘:
`Major Eiemenis G? WQSA .
`.
`.
`e
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`§
`_
`¢
`.
`;
`.
`S
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`X
`32 WOSA Process .
`.
`,
`Y
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`,
`.
`i
`.
`.
`§
`,
`.
`.
`,
`;
`3.3
`Sisiributed Csmpuiiag Envircnmeai Archiieciura ;
`,
`.
`,
`§
`;
`,
`.
`.
`.
`4.?
`The 05:81; Enieriace ,
`.
`¢
`g
`.
`*
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`E
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`,
`«
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4.2
`ODBC Architecture .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`4.3
`8%ng§e—"¥‘ier Briver
`‘
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`¢
`.
`‘
`*
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`*
`.
`.
`.
`.
`§
`.
`_
`.
`,
`;
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`4&4
`Mu¥iip§8~«Tie:’ Driver
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`3
`.
`.
`.
`§
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`,
`4.5
`SQL Devempmeni ‘fime Litre ,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`‘
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`Q
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`,
`4.6
`Basic Sequence of £3088 Function Cafis
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`, .
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4‘?
`IBAPE Archfiecture .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`;
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`S
`.
`.
`.
`.
`5.?
`MAP! Faciiitator .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`.
`$
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`5.2
`MAW Vendors .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`&
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`;
`.
`.
`,
`.
`5.3
`MAPI Architecture .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`5.4
`Eniegraticn of Services .
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`»
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`§
`§
`6.1
`Software Licensing Modei
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Q
`.
`.
`‘
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`6.2
`Static {inking .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`6.3
`How an Appiicatéen Reqaests a License from a License Server
`if
`Sacks: System 03%: interface .
`;
`.
`g
`,
`.
`S
`.
`.
`,
`.
`,
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`¢
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`8:2
`SNA Sense: fer Wizzdaws NT .
`.
`;
`,
`¢
`.
`§
`£
`.
`.
`,
`.
`G
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`‘
`.
`;
`.
`§
`,
`8;
`SNA Sewer Fgsrzsiierzs ;
`.
`.
`;
`g
`g
`$
`.
`.
`&
`3
`g
`,
`;
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`B
`.
`.
`.
`.
`$
`.
`.
`.
`.
`:52 Reiatisnsfzig $3? RFC :3 5s.§§§%i3§‘£§§??$ am Their féetwsrks *
`.
`,
`.
`’i§,§;?
`‘fragésgssfiwigiiéefieggdeséi R?Q ,
`§
`.
`.
`.
`6
`‘
`3
`,
`5
`.
`.
`,
`Q
`¢
`.
`;
`.
`.
`;
`§
`,
`.
`a
`%&3 $93 Qgeraiésgmé Segazerzee .
`.
`b
`,
`.
`E
`,
`.
`.
`,
`G
`‘
`,
`Q
`B
`&
`.
`.
`.
`,
`.
`.
`g
`.
`
`,
`S
`.
`.
`a
`%
`
`&
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`:
`,
`.
`.
`R
`,
`.
`.
`,
`;
`.
`.
`§
`,
`,
`.
`.
`.
`.
`E
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`§
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`S
`.
`i
`.
`.
`,
`,
`.
`.
`¥
`.
`*
`§
`*
`.
`K
`.
`‘
`,
`§
`5
`.
`,
`,
`§
`‘
`
`?
`.
`.
`.
`g 9
`.
`.
`.
`75
`.
`,
`.
`14
`&
`.
`.
`17’
`.
`,
`.
`13
`5
`.
`S
`. 24
`.
`,
`. 32
`.
`.
`. 3::
`;
`.
`,
`:32
`.
`.
`. 4?
`§
`,
`. 58
`.
`,
`3
`51
`.
`,
`. S3
`.,
`.
`. 58
`g
`.
`.
`61
`.
`Q
`3 66
`.
`.
`. 85
`b
`.
`.
`292
`.
`.
`.
`7'4
`,
`.
`,
`77'
`.
`;
`. 80
`.
`,
`§
`81
`.
`,
`. .. 86
`.
`.
`.
`91
`.
`.
`. 96
`.
`,
`. $9
`.
`.
`‘I03
`.
`.
`188
`Z
`,
`‘H8
`.
`5
`32%
`,
`‘
`‘£32
`.
`.
`$33
`.
`, E34
`
`Page 7 of 165
`
`

`
`LIST OF TABLES
`
`1.1 Evolution of Networking with Windows and Microsoft LAN Manager
`.
`12 vendors involved in Developing Windows SNA AF’!
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`2.1 Examples of Windows 3.1 Speed increases (in Seconds) .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`31 Products of OSF’s DCE .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4.1 Partial list of ODBC Drivers Currently under Third—Party Development
`4.2 ODBC APl Conformance Levels .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4.3 SQL Conformance Levels .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4.4 Early Supporters of the ODBC Specification .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`4.5 Representative SOL Product Offerings
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`5.1 A Sampling of lSVs Supporting MAPl
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`5.2 MAPl Function Calls .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`6.1 Sampling of Operating Systems with LSAPl—related Characteristics .
`6.2 Vendors Who Support the Job of Defining LSAPl
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`7.1 Principal Socket System Calls .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`7.2 Windows Sockets Extensions .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`8.1 Supported SNA Communications Adapters
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`9.1 Classes of Financial Devices
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`9.2 Basic Functions .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`10.1 Sample of MlDL Compiler Options
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`11.1 Windows 3.x and OS/2 2.x Technology Features .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`
`18
`.
`.
`. 27
`.
`. 35
`.
`. 54
`.
`. 63
`.
`. 66
`.
`. 67
`.
`. 68
`.
`. 70
`.
`. 83
`.
`. 87
`.
`. 99
`.
`105
`.
`109
`.
`115
`.
`121
`.
`126
`.
`129
`.
`. 138
`. 144
`
`Page 8 of 165
`
`

`
`Introduction
`
`
`A Windows Open Services Architecture (WOSA) is a natural evolution in
`the quest to help users integrate information from a wide variety of
`sources and platforms. PC users are no longer content solely with
`standalone capabilities. They must also have access to all major
`information resources in an enterprisewide computing environment.
`With increasing specialization, however, this task has become more
`difficult. WOSA provides one approach to the problem of universal
`access. There are alternative solutions, such as those from the Open
`Software Foundation (OSF), Unix International (UI), Apple Computer,
`
`and others.
`
`The Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) from OSF, for example,
`provides a middleware solution. Atlas from UI, and Open Network
`Environment from Apple represent different techniques for integrating
`enterprise services. DCE’s interface conventions are not directly tied to
`the operating system. Rather, there is another layer of control that
`functions, for the most part, independent of the resident operating
`
`system.
`
`/
`
`WOSA, of course, works closely with Windows. This is both a plus and
`a minus in terms of producing effective results. On the one hand,
`efficiency is enhanced by close linkage with the operating system. On
`the other hand, questions of application portability outside the Windows
`environment are a legitimate concern.
`
`The great attraction of WOSA to Windows software developers is that
`standardization of the interface to multiple software services enables
`their product to reach a wider audience. If, for example, a front-end
`database access product follows WOSA interface conventions, it will be
`
`Page 9 of 165
`
`

`
`introduction
`
`abié ta interaci; with variaus database afferingsg as iang as the Iaiter
`3139 fsilew WOSA ciictaies.
`
`WGSA empieys a Winésws Byrzamic: Link Library {ELL} that permits
`software ta be Iinkezi at
`runtinze. This aiiews applications
`is
`dynamically amines: to services. Appiicatians caii §I‘G§{}(:£31S knmvn as
`Applicatian Programming Inierfaceg {APIs) to access S€:‘§?§.£°:€S
`that have
`been standardized in fine Windmszg ezmriranmeni; The specific naturag
`csnfiguratiim, etc. ef the caiied service is af 11:} conaerrz is the caliing
`API, at ieast fmm the viewpaini; fif access precedures.
`
`In Micraseffs worid, WQSA mpresents 3:1 impsortanzt milegtaxm, Even if}
`csmpeting csnstituencies, same aspects sf WOSA may gain cie facts
`approval. Two early candidates far the iatter are MicrGs0ft’s messaging
`and éatabase interfaces. This whale arena is a fast-changing Iandacape}
`hawever, and ultimate acezeptance 0f WCDSA APES azztside ‘the Microssfi
`firzmameni is uncertain There is no doubt that acceptance Within the
`Windows communiizy wifl be aimost total.
`
`The focus of this report is to identify and anaiyze the major components
`of WGSA. It also reviews ancillary issues that impact develepments in
`this area. The repart is divided inte 11 chapters:
`
`WWk«-*<’.’Z3*?.£3>€3%€l>--3‘(Z3‘I:€Z¥”%a«$>»f£‘«~')£‘~3é&-4
`
`-»~ Executive Summary
`-~ Wirzdaws Operating System
`-- WQSA éréhiiecture
`
`=~ Spar: Baiabase Cs::§ea€i;«€%:§
`-~ Eaiiessaging APE
`5
`Licgmé Serasice 3?}
`
`~— Wzizzéansgs Sfickéifi fifi
`
`~ V%’i:::iw:3 Sfié A131
`
`—— Wirzéwzg Eéiiéfifiifiiifi fgr Féxazzgiai Serzéees
`M»
`‘s§§::§m:?$ Remgie ?r§:::e{§.::z*e $33} 53$}
`- ?§i:1éa2>s.ss: Ei}“&’3:3£”Gf}§I'3:€I1£
`”E"‘racie~{3fE’s
`
`Summary gravééeg 322 svgraii assessmezzt ef Ehe ragga‘
`The EX€€§ii?é
`égmgezzezzig azzé Z:$$i.1§S 3S$§C§3§$§ zssiiéz WQSA. igchfigiagy. The V3I"§§3i3§E
`
`Page 10 of 165
`
`

`
`
`
`Introduction
`
`hardware and software options are reviewed, along with the associated
`support tools.
`
`Scratch the WOSA surface and there will be a Windows platform in the
`equation. Whether 3.x or NT, Windows is the “bedrock” of WOSA
`technology. Chapter 2 reviews the Windows operating system and its
`relationship to the WOSA phenomenon.
`
`Windows’ widespread use guarantees that any architecture based on its
`tenets will occupy an important place in mainstream computing. WOSA
`has received much attention due to its Windows association. Chapter 3
`reports on the architecture ofWOSA, and compares it to the OSF’s DCE.
`
`Any solution devised to support enterprise computing must deal with
`the multitude of databases and formats in the marketplace. Chapter 4
`looks at Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), which is designed to
`facilitate access to various database products from the same application.
`
`Any major architectural innovation must have a messaging component
`as part of its technology mix. WOSA is no different in this regard,
`offering Messaging API (MAPI) for support of the electronic mail (E-
`mail)
`function. Chapter 5 evaluates MAPI and some competing
`messaging systems.
`
`Chapter 6 analyzes the License Service API (LSAPI) feature in WOSA.
`Soitware licensing has become a burdensome management problem to
`many processing sites. LSAPI alleviates some of this burden by
`providing a standard interface to diverse licensing utilities.
`
`Windows Sockets API offers a gateway to Unix technology from
`Windows platforms. It is an important marriage of client to server. The
`basics of Sockets, along with extensions appended for the Windows
`environment, are explained in Chapter 7.
`
`Another important Windows linkage is to IBM’s ubiquitous Systems
`Network Architecture (SNA). Microsoftfs SNA API operates from an
`
`Page 11 of 165
`
`

`
`Introduction
`
`
`
`SNA Server which provides a standard interface to this vast networking
`resource. Chapter 8 details the nature of this interface.
`
`The world of banking and related financial services presents unique
`problems related to special hardware and software requirements.
`Chapter 9 explains Windows Extensions for Financial Services,
`including various implementation issues.
`
`networking capability.
`
`With any relatively new architecture such as WOSA, there will be trade-
`offs, product comparisons, and apparent limitations. Chapter 11 looks
`at many of these elements in the WOSA environment.
`
`
`
`mg.g.V;/.~,,.,,..;...,‘.s»...x.r»..z»~.4.'.,c,,...»au;/r.,...aM.»w...,,.\,\i.,w\\:;\,r.\.,~.
`
`Page 12 of 165
`
`

`
`Chapter 1
`
`Executive Summary
`
`
`WOSA Background and Overview
`
`The search for Windows Open Services Architecture, or something with
`the same general capabilities, began when the first personal computer
`was connected to a mainframe. Since then, information systems (IS)
`managers have been working to improve the synergy among diverse
`computing resources and associated data storage modules.
`
`Most organizations are striving to achieve a high level of collaboration
`from their computing and information resources. As technology has
`advanced, however, and specialization has increased, the task has
`become morevdifficult.
`
`Many sites have installed PC local area networks (LANS) in order to
`attain greater workgroup cooperation. A preponderance of these
`configurations provides file and print services. This is a step along the
`path to sophisticated groupware participation and interaction, but offers
`nothing like the full range of sharing and interoperability sought by IS
`managers.
`
`WOSA’s ultimate goal is to allow Windows-based applications to enjoy
`seamless access to all available information without having to know
`anything about the underlying infrastructure, i.e., the type of network,
`computer, or back-end services. Applications using the WOSA interface
`will
`thus be able to access information resources across multiple
`computing environments. Total achievement of this goal remains a few
`years away, but development in certain areas is already underway.
`WOSA will undergo constant change as it adapts to new technology and
`user requirements.
`
`Page 13 of 165
`
`

`
`1. Executive Summary
`
`Microsafi. ann0:1:1ce& the WOSA initiative in eariy 1992. Existing
`products facusing an heterogenesus cemzectivity, disizributed cemgsutizzg,
`and greupware suppart were assembied izzto the initia} package. Eariy
`erztzées t0 the W885;
`i2':vez:t§r§;* inclufiefi a jam: Micrageftfifiigétai
`{ifomxzzunications Assaciaiés Carrmiunicatians Server, 3 Messaging
`éappiécation Pmgramming Interface {E'i«‘L%,Pf}, arzd a maduie cafied Gpen
`Database Csnzlectiviiy {GEES}. Adaiitianai serxéces <:urrent1y being
`éeveloped are centererzi an securiiy and éirectary serviseg.
`
`WGSAE speratianal pian (see Figtzre 1.1} includes an absizractimz iayer
`thai pmvides interaction with heterégezzeous camputing devices via a set
`af£§_PIs. Winé£c3Ws»bas&ci appiicaiisnsg usixzg thege $531313; can sperate fram
`3 Vafieiy sf encbuser ::ievi::es$ New endwaser devices can be added as
`they enter the marketplace. Meanwhile, appIicati<3n$ remain Lmchanged
`as long as they employ WOSA APIS.
`
`interfacesj link to diverge
`the serVice~pr0vider end, aclditionai
`At
`fxmctionai packages. These include numeraus database packages, mail
`utilities, etc. As with the aforementioned end-user APIS, service-prcavider
`interfaces {SPIs) can be expanded to encompass new prcsducts.
`Applications W111 remain unchazzged 23$ long as functional packages
`suppart the interface conventiané; defined by its SP1.
`
`Common Interface
`
`The Windows eperaééng envimnment grmzidés users with 3 unifarm
`a§§§aafi§§: irzierface, Qnce 23 me£:hsé::1ag*§g is éearnaé, 71%, gegzgrafiy E1§§3.§€S
`is 9;}?: apgiiszziiififis.
`‘ééffigfi, E1:
`like ::::;a.:}::e:3 yegenis :9 éiairiéizisé
`aggiéegiéerz §:°::ag:*g:::rr:ez*3 & giandarfi éaierface £3:
`iiiazesasiizzg with
`fungiécazaai gaciiageg 312$}: as éaigfaase mazzagerg 332$ massaging sysierzgsk
`
`easzh
`$5 éfig £232‘
`8%:
`sfiiffsregé
`3
`E833’-:1
`is
`§8.‘%é’”§?§§'
`EE}§5'$8£:'i§ of
`émpigméazaiisn gf 3 $e:'“2»<'飧§ §I*{}§‘§"§E2’1I:1€2"$ aréatézzg E¥{}S§: a§2§:2§i£a,€%:::::s
`aegzi waif; Eagm a girzgis 5:22: 85 AWE far 322 §:::p§e::2$::i3£i§:::s Q? 3
`parigiguiar fiéwice. In gééiiiafi, agpiisaiians remair: zgtabie :23 maiier
`what cixanges are mafia is fzizzatienai sewzigeg as iizrzg‘ 35:: ihege s;e:*2::ice2
`£f{%£1f1§i"‘.:1:iI1§££%§€
`iizmzzgifz the ’§}5C*S5§ §3£Z%§€Z‘”f’&$2.
`
`Page 14 of 165
`
`

`
`1 . Executive Summary
`
`
`Figure 1.1 WOSA’s Operationa! Plan
`
`PRO F8
`
`All-In-One
`
`Microsoft Mail
`
`Page 15 of 165
`
`

`
`1. Executive Summary
`;_
`
`Microsoflfs goal with WOSA is to control the desktop via Windows.
`WOSA helps make the Windows operating system a strategic platform
`for users at various levels of the enterprise. Ultimately, with the release
`of additional products, Microsoft would like to climb higher into the
`corporate processing hierarchy. Products such as Windows NT are seen
`as elements that will facilitate that climb.
`
`WOSA Architecture
`
`WOSA provides a single, consistent, system level interface between
`Windows-based PCs and various enterprise computing resources (see
`Figure 1.2). By exploiting the WOSA interface, a Windows~driven
`desktop application need not know anything about computing resources
`on the network in order to gain access to enterprise functions such as
`mail, databases, licensing, or remote procedure calls (RPCS).
`
`if an existing functional service such, as a database
`Previously,
`management system (DBMS) was replaced, front—end applications would
`then have to be altered to accommodate the new service. This is because
`their API calls to servers were linked in at compile time. Even if the
`application developer had the necessary resources to write to the new
`server’s API, the existing applications would have to be updated to
`recognize the change.
`
`WOSA solves this problem by communicating to servers through APIS.
`They can be linked in at runtime via Windows Dynamic Link Libraries
`(DLLs). For each functional service, a Driver Manager (MAPI.DLL, for
`example) makes the connection between the application and appropriate
`server driver, i.e., SPI.
`
`WOSA Benefits
`
`The primary benefit of WOSA when fully developed will be to provide
`full access to enterprisewide computing environments for Windows
`users. There are several additional WOSA benefits that help users
`maximize returns from their corporate systems. Among them are:
`
`~l\\'v~«»»&Mis»\¥ln"
`
`
`
` —_—m.._......__j___
`
`Page 16 of 165
`
`

`
`1. Executive Summary
`
`
`Figure 1.2 Windows Open Services Architecture
`
`Application
`
`Application
`
`Application
`
`APls: File, Print, Messaging, Address/Name, Security, etc.
`
`(WindowsfMS-DOS and Windows NT)
`
`Operating System
`
`Service Provide Interfaces (SPls)
`
`
`
`File
`Services
`
`Mail
`Services
`
`Agjéis
`Services
`
`LAN
`
`Manager
`
`Page 17 of 165
`
`

`
`1. Executive Summary_*:*
`
`0 Easy Upgrade Paths. Because WOSA enables a single
`application to work with multiple back-end services, IS
`managers can upgrade or change those services without
`affecting the end-users or their applications.
`
`' Protection of Software Investment. WOSA protects an
`organization’s software investment by enabling existing
`applications, without modification,
`to access new
`services on a variety of platforms. End-users can work
`with new resources in the same ways, and using the
`same applications, as they did with existing implemen-
`tations (see Figure 1.3).
`
`Figure 1.3 Current and Planned Implementations
`
`VSAM
`
`C) in Production
`
`
` Windows-based
`
`Application
`
`Planned for
`Future Release
`
`° More Cost»Effective Software Solutions. As WOSA-based
`applications
`become more
`readily available,
`IS
`managers will be able to increasingly use off-the-shelf
`products to create integrated software solutions that are
`at
`least as powerful as more expensive custom
`alternatives. Moreover, this modular approach makes it
`easy to tailor software solutions to specific business
`needs.
`
`° Flexible Integration of Multiple~Vendor Components.
`WOSA’s architecture supports multivendor environ-
`
`Page 18 of 165
`
`

`
`1. Executive Summary
`
`
`ments and, in any given environment, multiple imple-
`mentations of a single type of service. As a result,
`WOSA makes it easier to switch from one implementa-
`tion to another. This ability is important for organiza-
`tions whose long-range plans may require different
`products than they use today, and it is absolutely
`critical for companies that are unsure of their long-term
`
`requirements.
`
`° Short Development Time for Solutions. Creating soft-
`ware solutions for business problems can be a long and
`expensive process. Solutions based on distributed
`computing resources can be even more expensive and
`time-consuming because the complexity of the appli-
`cation is compounded by the need for it to provide
`access to back—end systems. Since the issues associated
`with accessing such distributed resources are common
`to a variety of applications, developers of any given
`application should not be burdened with the task of
`resolving problems that are more efficiently and
`appropriately left
`to the system software. WOSA
`relieves developers of this burden by providing a single,
`open-ended interface for applications at both ends ofthe
`network connection.
`
`By providing access to various implementations ofback-
`end services, WOSA eliminates the need for application
`developers to develop solutions for each new service
`implementation. Programmers can provide access to
`new implementations by plugging existing components
`
`together.
`
`and
`Services
`Future
`Include
`to
`' Extensibility
`Implementations. WOSA is designed to be extensible,
`meaning that new types of services can be added to
`WOSA as needed. WOSA’s DLL-based implementation
`can allow new APIs to be added without disrupting
`
`Page 19 of 165
`
`

`
`€. Execuzivé Summary
`
`existing G383. Asiéitianal impiementations sf eXVisiing
`serviées can be Eflded by buiiding 3 service previzier
`interface
`library £331‘
`the
`new gervice pmviéer.
`Appiicatisns can také advantage of new service
`implementatians Wiihmszt being medjfiesfi ami can take
`advantage sf entirely new services aniy when they need
`£26 :10 Se.
`
`WOSA as a Strategic Resource
`
`VVQSXS influence an system managers, softwara deveiégers, and crthera
`£32 ‘£1