ELECTRICAL
`
`“*ND
`
`ELECTRONICS
`ENGINEERING
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`STEVEN M. KAPLAN
`
`"'..’-W’
`
`'
`
`IV 2003
`IV 2003
`IPR2014-00310
`IPR2014—003 10
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`zary
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`ed by
`
`WILEY ELECTRICAL AND
`ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
`DICTIONARY
`
`Steven M. Kaplan
`Lexicographer
`
`+IEEE
`
`IEEE PRESS
`
`ffiWILEY-
`~ INTERSCIENCE
`A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
`
`

`
`Copyright C 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. AU nghts reserved.
`
`Published by John Wiley & Sons, fnc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
`Published stmultancously in Canada.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
`
`Kapl~. Steven M.
`
`Wtley Electrical and Elecuonics Engineering Dictionary
`
`ISBN 978-0-47 1-40224-4
`
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`pa rallel computer
`
`552
`
`parallel-resonant fretJuency
`
`parallel computer I. A computer that has multiple processors
`which are utilized to perform pa r allel processing ( I). 2. A
`computer which is utilized to perform parallel processing
`(2). 3. One of multiple computers working together in pa r(cid:173)
`allel process ing (3).
`parallel computing Same as pa rallel processing.
`pa rallel-cond uctor line Same as paralle.J-wi re line.
`parallel-condacto r transmission Line Same as parallel-wire
`line.
`pa rallel connection The connection of the components within
`a circuit in a manner that there are multiple paths among
`which the current is divided. while all the components have
`the same applied voltage. An example is the connection of
`components across each other. This contrasts with series
`co11nection, where components are connected end-to-end,
`and in which there is a single path for the current. Also
`called In pa rallel. Also called shunt connection.
`pa rallel data interface Same as parallel interface.
`parallel data tra nsfer Same as parallel t ransfer .
`pa rallel data transmission Same as parallel transmission.
`parallel database A dar abase which utilizes parallel process-
`ing. Used, for instance, for data mining.
`parallel execution Also called conc ur rent execution, con(cid:173)
`c urrent processing, or multiprocessing. I. The simultane(cid:173)
`ous exccurion of multiple computer operations by the CPU.
`Since microproces;ors can work so quickly, it seems Simul(cid:173)
`taneous, even though each operation is usually executed in
`sequence. 2. The simultaneous execution of multiple com(cid:173)
`puter operations by multiple CPUs. Such processors are
`usually linked by high-speed channels.
`parallel-fed That which has a parallel feed . Also, pertaining
`to that which has a parallel feed. Also called shant-fed.
`parallel feed The simultaneous application of a DC operating
`voltage and an AC signal voltage to a component or device,
`each via a different path. Also called shunt feed.
`pa rallel ge ne rator An electric generator whose armature and
`field windings are connected in parallel. Also called pa ral(cid:173)
`lel-wound generator , or shunt generator.
`pa rallel 110 Abbreviation of parallel input/output. The trans(cid:173)
`fer of data between a CPU and a peripheral in which multi(cid:173)
`ple bits, characters, or data units arc transferred simultane(cid:173)
`ously. This contrasts with serial 1/0, where bits, characters,
`or data units are transferred sequentially.
`pa rallel Impeda nce An impedance acting in parallel with
`another quantity or magnitude, such as another impedance.
`Also called shunt impedance.
`parallel Inductance An inductance acting in parallel with
`another quantity or magnitude, such as a capacitance. Also
`called shunt inductance.
`parallel inductors Two or more inductors connected in paral(cid:173)
`lel. When said inductors are sufficiently shielded or apart
`from each other, the magnetic inductance is considered to be
`negligible. Otherwise, such inductance, or coupling, must
`be factored in. Also called shunt inductors.
`par allel Input/output Same as pa raDe! 1/ 0
`parallel interface An interface, such as a Centronics parallel
`interface, which transfers multiple bits, characters, or data
`units simultaneously. Used, for instance, for connecting a
`computer to a printer. This contrasts with a serial Interface,
`in which bits, characters, or data units arc transferred se(cid:173)
`quentially. Also called parallel data interface.
`pa rallel lines Lines which lie in the same plane, but which do
`not intersect.
`parallel motor An electric motor whose armature and field
`windings are connected in parallel. Also called pa rallel(cid:173)
`wound moto r, or shunt motor.
`
`pa rallel • etwork An electric network whose components are
`connected in parallel. That is, they have a pa rallel connec(cid:173)
`tion. Also called shunt network.
`I. Same as pa rallel processing. 2. The
`parallel ope ratio n
`performance of two o r more operations simultaneously.
`3. Operation of a circuit or device whose components are
`connected in parallel. Also called shunt operatio n.
`parallel output One of multiple outputs which are delivered
`simultaneously. Seen, for instance, in parallel transmission.
`This contrasts with serial o utput, in which each output is
`delivered in sequence.
`parallel-plate ca pacito r A capacitor incorporating two paral(cid:173)
`lel plates separated by a dielectric. The plates may be mov(cid:173)
`able, in which case the capacitance can be varied as the gap
`between the plates is adjusted.
`parallel-plate wavega ide A waveguide in which electromag(cid:173)
`netic radiation is propagated between two parallel conduct(cid:173)
`ing plates.
`parallel po rt A computer port utilizing a parallel interface.
`parallel printer A printer that connects to a computer via a
`pa rallel Inte rface.
`parallel processing Also called parallel computing, parallel
`computation, parallel operation (I ), simultaneous proc(cid:173)
`essing, multi p rocessing, or conc urrent execution (2).
`I. The simultaneous execution of multiple computer opera(cid:173)
`tions by multiple CPUs in a single computer. Such proces(cid:173)
`sors are usually linked by high-speed channels. 2. The
`simultaneous execution of multiple computer operations by
`a single computer, whether it utilizes multiple processors or
`another mechanism. 3. The utilization of multiple com(cid:173)
`puters to perform multiple operations simultaneously. 4. An
`architecture utilized for parallel processing ( 1). parallel
`processing (2), or para llel pr ocessing (3). Also called
`parallel processing a rchitecture.
`parallel processing a rchitecture Same as parallel process(cid:173)
`Ing (4).
`parallel processors Two or more processors utilized for
`par allel processing. These processors may be located in a
`single computer, or in multiple computers. Also called si(cid:173)
`multaneous processon.
`pa rallel programming Computer programming in which
`multiple steps or operations are performed simultaneously.
`In ser ial programming, steps or operations are performed
`in sequence.
`pa rallel regulator A regulator, such as a voltage regulator,
`which is connected in parallel with a device or load. Also
`called shu nt regulato r.
`parallel resistance The total resistance of parallel resistors.
`parallel resisto rs Two or more resistors connected in parallel.
`The total resistance '~ the sum of the reciprocal of each of
`the individual resistors, thus, the multiple resistors have 3
`lower total resistance than the lowest valued resistor. Also
`called shunt resistors.
`J. Resonance in a parallel-reson•"1
`par allel resona nce
`circuit. Also called a ntiresonance ( 1). 2. In a p~rallet:
`resona nt circ uit, the frequency at which the parallellntped
`ance is highest. Also called antlresona nce (2}. 3. !n 8 p•:~
`allel-resona nt circ uit, the frequency at which the mdu;t• 11
`•
`1
`capacitance equals the capacitive reactance. Also caJie
`tiresona nce (3).
`.
`c~·
`parallel-resona nt circuit A resonant circuit in whiCh 3 ,.c
`311
`pacitor and an inductor are connected in parallel with .
`...,d·
`· um 1nty·
`source. Resonance occurs at or near the m&X 1m . uit. or
`ance of the circuit. Also called antiresooance eire
`ta nk circuit (J).
`of •
`frequencY
`nee rre-
`parallel-resona nt fr equency The resonant
`parallel-resonant circuit. Also called aotiresona
`que ncy.
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`sequence register
`
`696
`
`serial memory
`
`In a CPU, a register that contains the ad(cid:173)
`sequence register
`dress of the location in memory that is to be accessed by the
`next instruction. May also refer to the address of the current
`instruction. Also called by various other names sequence
`counter, control register . p rog ra m r egister, and inst ruc(cid:173)
`tion register.
`sequence relay A multi-contact relay whose contacts open
`and close in a given sequence. Also called seq uential relay
`sequence signal A signal that controls the steps within a g1ven
`sequence.
`sequence switch A multi-contact switch whose contacts open
`and close in a given sequence. Also called sequential
`switch.
`sequence timer A timer that controls the steps within a given
`sequence. Also called sequential timer .
`Sequenced Packet Excha nge A communications protocol
`utilized at the transpon layer within the OSI Reference
`Model. Its abbreviation is S PX.
`sequencer That which serves to seque nce (4). For instance.
`an automatic call sequencer, or a MIDI sequencer.
`sequentia l Consisting of, having, following, or characterized
`by a sequence. For instance, sequential control, or sequen(cid:173)
`tial scanning.
`sequential access Same as serial access.
`sequential-access memory Same as sequential-access stor(cid:173)
`age.
`seq uential-access method The retrieval of data in the same
`s1:quence it was originally stored. lts abbreviation is SAM.
`seq ue ntial-access storage Computer storage whose content is
`accessed sequentially. as opposed to directly. Also called
`sequential-access memo ry.
`sequential-access storage device Its acronym is SASD. A
`computer storage device whose content is accessed sequen(cid:173)
`tially, as opposed to directly. For example, a tape drive is a
`SASD, while a disk drive is a d irect-access storage device.
`sequential circuit A logic circuit whose output at any given
`moment depends. in pan, on previous states. Also called
`sequential logic circuit.
`sequentia l control Operation of a component, circuit, device,
`piece of equipment, system, mechanism, or process, which
`is controlled following a specified sequence.
`sequentia l logic A logic circuit or clement whose output at
`any given moment depends, in part, on previous states. This
`contrasts with combina tional logic, whose output at any
`given moment •J< "lends only on its input values at that same
`instant.
`sequential logic circuit Same as sequential circuit.
`seque ntial logic clement A logic element whose output at any
`given moment depends, in pan, on previous states.
`sequentia l memory Same as seria l access (2).
`sequential progra mming Same as serial progr a mming.
`sequential re lay Same as sequence relay.
`sequential scan ning A scanning system, such as that com(cid:173)
`puter monitors, in which the electron beam traces ail lines
`sequentially from top to bottom. This contrasts with inter(cid:173)
`laced scanning, in which the electron beam traces ali odd(cid:173)
`numbered
`lines followed by the tracing of ali even(cid:173)
`numbered lines. Interlaced scanning may produce a flutter(cid:173)
`ing effect when displaying cenain graphics, a drawback not
`exhibited by monitors with sequential scanning. Also called
`no n-interlace4 scanning, or pr ogressive scanoing.
`seqo entfal search A search in which the data in question is
`examined sequentially from start to finish. Also called lin(cid:173)
`car search.
`sequential storage Same as seria l access (I).
`sequential switch Same as sequence switch.
`
`sequential timer Same as sequence timer.
`Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire Same as SECAM.
`serial 1. Of. pertaining to, occurring as, or resembling, a se.
`r ies. 2. Acted upon, perforrned, or operating sequentially, or
`one afler the other. For example, serial access. 3. The se.
`quential processing, storing, transfer, transmission, recep..
`tion, or the like, of multiple bits, characters, or data units
`This contrasts with parallel {4), where such events and
`processes occur simultaneously.
`seria l access Also called sequential access. I. Storage and/or
`retrieval of data to or from a computer storage mediurn in
`which bits, characters, or data units are transferred sequen.
`tially, or one afier the other. Such transfers must follow a
`given order, such as one running from start to finish or frorn
`top to bottom. This contrasts with pa ra llel access (I )
`where multiple bits, characters, or data units are transferred
`simultaneously. Also called seria l storage, or sequential
`storage. 2. Reading and/or writing of data from or to corn.
`puler memory in which bits, characters, or data units are
`transferred sequentially. This contrasts with parallel access
`(2), where multiple bits, characters, or data units are trans.
`ferred simultaneously. Also called serial memory, or se.
`quentlal memory.
`seria l ad de r 1. In computers, a logic circuit which adds pair•
`of corresponding digit positions sequentially. 2. In com.
`pulers, a logic circuit which adds two or more numbers or
`quantities sequentially.
`seria l addition The function a ser ial adder perforrns.
`serial bus A bus, such as High-Perforrnance Serial Bus or
`USB, which transmits bits in a serial stream.
`ser ial chan nel A communications channel in which bus
`characters, or data units are transferred sequentially. Along
`a pa rallel chan nel (1) these are transferred simultaneously
`serial commu nications Communications in which data 1s
`transmitted sequentially over a single channel. This con·
`trasts with pa rallel communications, in which data 1s
`transmitted simultaneously over multiple channels.
`serial computer
`I. A computer that has a single processor,
`and which performs serial processing. 2. A computer
`which is utilized to perforrn serial processing.
`Serial Copy Ma nagement System Same as SCMS.
`serial data loterface Same as ser ial interface.
`seri al da ta tra nsfer Same as seria l transfer.
`serial data trans mission Same as serial transmission.
`seria l digita l interface A standard for the serial transmission
`of digital video such as that used for broadcasting. Also. an
`interface adherlng to this standard. Its abbreviation is SOl
`seri al I/O Abbreviation of seria l Input/o utput. The transfer of
`data between a CPU and a peripheral in which bits. charl(·
`· 11 This con•rasts
`ters, or data units are transferred sequenua Y·
`da.,
`with par a llel 1/0, where multiple bits, characters. or
`units arc transferred simultaneously.
`11011
`.d. g 3 conncc
`serial infrared A technology for provl . 10 red sign~ls to
`between devices supponing the U:se of. •_n~ra th is tcc1u10l·
`convey inforrnation. Also, a dev1ce uuhzmg
`ogy. Its abbreviation is Sl R.
`. h tr.~r<fct1
`serial input/output Same as ser ial I/O.
`USB wh1c
`,.
`' used. f"'
`ser ial interface An interface, such as a .
`bits characters or data units sequenii311Y.·
`jh1~ cOl"
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`a pnnter.
`(/1
`stance for connecting a computet to.
`.
`characters. 1
`d serif
`'
`· wh1ch bitS,
`trasts with a parallel Interface, m
`AlSO callc
`data units are transferred simultaneously.
`d ata inte rface.
`s SLI P.
`Ser ial Li ne Inter net Protocol Same 3
`Serial Li ne IP Same as SLIP.
`serial memory Same as seria l access (2).