`Entered: July 30, 2015
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`Trials@uspto.gov
`571-272-7822
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`QUALTRICS, LLC,
`Petitioner,
`
`
`
`
`
`v.
`
`OPINIONLAB, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`____________
`
`Case IPR2014-00366
`Patent 8,041,805 B2
`____________
`
`Before RAMA G. ELLURU, JEREMY M. PLENZLER,
`GEORGIANNA W. BRADEN, and CARL M. DEFRANCO,
`Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`DEFRANCO, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`
`FINAL WRITTEN DECISION
`35 U.S.C. § 318(a) and 37 C.F.R. § 42.73
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`IPR2014-00366
`Patent 8,041,805 B2
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`I. INTRODUCTION
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`Qualtrics, LLC, filed a Petition (“Pet.”) requesting inter partes review
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`of claims 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17–19, 22, 25–27, 30, and 33 of U.S. Patent
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`No. 8,041,805 B2 (“the ’805 patent”). After considering the Petition, we
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`instituted an inter partes review of all the challenged claims on the ground
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`of unpatentability under 35 U.S.C. § 103. After institution, OpinionLab,
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`Inc., the owner of the ’805 patent, filed a Patent Owner Response (“PO
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`Resp.”), to which Qualtrics filed a Reply (“Reply”). We entertained oral
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`argument from both parties.1 We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(c).
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`For the reasons that follow, we determine that Qualtrics has not proven, by
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`preponderant evidence, that any of the challenged claims are unpatentable.
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`II. BACKGROUND
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`A.
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`The ’805 Patent2
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`
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`The ’805 patent is directed to a system and method for soliciting and
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`reporting feedback from a user of a commercial website. Ex. 1001, 1:15–19.
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`Typical websites measure a user’s reaction to the website as a whole. Id. at
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`1:35–56. In contrast, the system of the ’805 patent solicits and reports user
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`feedback on a page-specific basis by incorporating a “user reaction
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`measurement tool” into each web page of the website. Id. at 5:25–36,
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`11:59–66. The tool appears as a “viewable icon” on each web page and
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`solicits the user’s subjective reaction to the particular web page being
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`displayed. Id. at 5:37–50, 11:66–12:6, Fig. 2. When the user clicks on the
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`icon, a rating scale and/or a comment box appears within the user’s browser
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`1 A transcript (“Tr.”) has been entered into the record. Paper 44.
`2 The ’805 patent is the subject of concurrent district court actions,
`OpinionLab, Inc. v. Qualtrics Labs, Inc., No. 1:13-cv-01574 (N.D. Ill.), and
`OpinionLab, Inc. v. iPerceptions Inc., No. 1:12-cv-05662 (N.D. Ill.). Pet. 2.
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`2
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`Patent 8,041,805 B2
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`window. Id. at 5:65–6:21, 12:40–14:10, Figs. 3–6. The rating scale and
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`comment box allow the user to provide subjective reactions to various
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`aspects of the particular web page while remaining at the web page itself.
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`Id. at 14:11–18; compare Fig. 2 with Figs. 3, 5 (depicting icon 50 on web
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`page 28 as being replaced by rating scales 60, 70).
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`Software associated with the icon operates to collect and store the
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`user’s reaction in a database for subsequent reporting to a website owner.
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`Id. at 2:6–18. The website owner can generate a report for analyzing and
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`identifying user reactions and feedback related to particular web pages. Id.
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`at 15:27–21:54, Figs. 8A, 8B, 9. The report allows the website owner to
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`assess the success of each web page in the eyes of the user community. Id.
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`at 13:49–52.
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`
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`
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`B.
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`The Challenged Claims
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`Of the challenged claims, claims 1, 10, 18, and 26 are independent.
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`Claim 1 is representative and recites:
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`One or more computer-readable non-transitory
`1.
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`storage media embodying software operable when executed to:
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`provide a user-selectable element viewable on each of a
`plurality of particular web pages of a website upon initial
`display of a particular web page and soliciting page-specific
`user feedback concerning the particular web page upon initial
`display of the particular web page, the user-selectable element
`appearing identically and behaving consistently on each of the
`plurality of particular web pages; and
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`receive the page-specific user feedback concerning the
`particular web page for reporting to an interested party, the
`page-specific user feedback concerning the particular
`webpages having been provided by a user while the user
`remained at the particular web page, and the page-specific
`user feedback comprising one or more page-specific subjective
`ratings of the particular web page and one or more associated
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`3
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`Patent 8,041,805 B2
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`page-specific open-ended comments concerning the particular
`web page,
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`the page specific user feedback allowing the interested
`party to access page-specific subjective ratings and associated
`page-specific open-ended comments across the plurality of
`particular web pages to identify one or more particular web
`pages for which the page-specific user feedback is notable
`relative to page-specific user feedback for other particular web
`pages;
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`wherein the user-selectable element is viewable within a
`browser window upon initial display of the particular web page
`and remains viewable within the browser window, at least prior
`to the user selection, regardless of user scrolling.
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`Ex. 1001, 25:40–26:3 (emphasis added).
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`
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`C.
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`The Instituted Grounds of Unpatentability
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`In the Preliminary Proceeding,3 we instituted trial on only one of the
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`three grounds proposed by Qualtrics, in particular, determining Qualtrics had
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`a “reasonable likelihood” of proving the challenged claims unpatentable as
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`obvious over the combined teachings of CustomerSat,4 Medinets,5 and
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`HTML Spec.6 Dec. to Inst. 12. Having instituted trial under the “reasonable
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`likelihood” standard of 35 U.S.C. § 314(a), we decide now whether
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`3 A “Preliminary Proceeding,” as defined by our rules, “begins with the
`filing of a petition for instituting a trial and ends with a written decision as to
`whether a trial will be instituted.” 37 C.F.R. § 42.2.
`4 Customer Satisfaction Measurement, Surveys and Market Research by
`CustomerSat.com, The Internet Survey Experts, https://web.archive.org/web/
`19980526190826/http:/www. Customersat.com/ (retrieved Nov. 21, 2013
`from Internet Archive, Wayback Machine), 1–76 (May 26, 1998) (Ex.
`1003).
`5 DAVID MEDINETS, PERL5 BY EXAMPLE: THE EASIEST WAY TO LEARN HOW
`TO PROGRAM, Que Corp., 1–66 (1996) (Ex. 1004).
`6 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), HTML 4.0 Specification, Dave
`Raggett et al. (eds.), 1–366 (Apr. 24, 1998) (Ex. 1014).
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`4
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`Qualtrics has proven unpatentability of the challenged claims by a
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`“preponderance of the evidence,” as required by 35 U.S.C. § 316(e).
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`
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`A.
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`Claim Construction
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`III. ANALYSIS
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`In an inter partes review, claim terms in an unexpired patent are given
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`their broadest reasonable construction in light of the specification of the
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`patent in which they appear. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b). Under this standard,
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`claim terms generally are given their ordinary and customary meaning, as
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`understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the context of the patent’s
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`entire written disclosure. In re Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257
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`(Fed. Cir. 2007). However, a “claim term will not receive its ordinary
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`meaning if the patentee acted as his own lexicographer and clearly set forth a
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`definition of the disputed claim term in either the specification or
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`prosecution history.” CCS Fitness, Inc. v. Brunswick Corp., 288 F.3d 1359,
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`1366 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Here, although Qualtrics advances a construction of
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`several claim terms of the ’805 patent (Pet. 6–14), OpinionLab does not
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`believe that any specific definition is necessary (PO Resp. 4–5 n. 4). We
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`conclude that the claim terms do not require an express construction in order
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`to analyze the challenged claims relative to the asserted prior art.
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`B.
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`The Ground of Obviousness
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`Our analysis centers on a single limitation of independent claims 1,
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`10, 18 and 26, one that is common to all of the claims, namely, “page-
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`specific user feedback . . . having been provided by a user while the user
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`remained at the particular web page.” Qualtrics relies primarily on
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`CustomerSat’s disclosure of “Pop!Up questionnaires” for teaching this
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`5
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`limitation.7 Pet. 22–23; Reply 1–3. According to Qualtrics, the pop-up
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`questionnaire, or survey, can be displayed “immediately” upon the user
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`clicking on a survey button, and can be viewed “on the particular web page
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`from which it was launched, without requiring the user to navigate to a
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`different page.” Id. at 23 (citing Ex. 1003, 7); see also Reply 1–3 (arguing
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`that CustomerSat “says that a user can be taken . . . to the ‘Pop!Up’
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`questionnaire immediately”).
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`
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`In response, OpinionLab counters that, although CustomerSat’s pop-
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`up questionnaire, or survey, may be displayed immediately after the user
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`clicks on the survey button, it nevertheless “is provided on an entirely
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`separate web page.” PO Resp. 19. That CustomerSat discloses the survey
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`button and resulting survey as pop-ups, OpinionLab argues, does not mean
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`that they both pop-up on the same web page. Id. at 18. In other words,
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`according to OpinionLab, CustomerSat’s survey button “is only an invitation
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`—there is no teaching or suggestion that this ‘pop-up’ invitation contains the
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`survey itself.” Id. (citing Ex. 2002 ¶¶ 41–49).
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`At the outset, we note that nowhere does CustomerSat describe or
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`depict a pop-up questionnaire on the same web page as the pop-up survey
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`invitation. See, e.g., Ex. 1003, 4, 7, 23. According to CustomerSat, if a user
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`wishes to provide feedback, the user can click on a survey button “at any
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`time to go to the survey, or can be taken to the survey immediately.” Id. at 7
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`(emphases added). That description suggests that the survey itself is in a
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`7 In the Petition, Qualtrics also references CustomerSat’s disclosure of a
`“Feedback” icon as satisfying certain claim limitations. Pet. 16–22. At oral
`argument, Qualtrics clarified that the “Feedback” icon is “just a link to
`another page” or “a link to a separate page . . . [t]hat is not the Pop!Up
`questionnaire.” Tr. 9–10.
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`6
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`location different from the survey button. Indeed, the “Feedback and
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`Membership” form depicted in CustomerSat stands alone, by itself, without
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`any display of the web page from which the feedback form was launched,
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`i.e., when the user clicked on the survey button so as to provide feedback.
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`See, e.g, Ex. 1003, 4 (depicting the “Feedback and Membership” form).
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`Thus, we are not persuaded that CustomerSat’s simple disclosure of the
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`questionnaire as a “Pop!Up” amounts to sufficient evidence that it is
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`provided on the same web page as the survey button.
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`Moreover, the testimony of the parties’ declarants buttresses a finding
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`that the user, in CustomerSat, provides feedback after being directed to a
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`different web page, rather than while remaining on the same web page. For
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`instance, we credit the testimony of OpinionLab’s declarant, Dr. Michael
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`Shamos, that the underlying source code for CustomerSat’s feedback form
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`refers to a web page located at “www.customersat.com/cssurvey.htm,” while
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`the source code for the survey button, or invitation, indicates a web page
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`located at “www.customersat.com/cgi-bin/popupadmin.” Ex. 2002 ¶ 47
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`(citing Ex. 1003, 67). Qualtrics’s declarant, Mr. John Chisholm, likewise
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`only describes the “popupadmin” code as controlling the survey button,
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`without ever ascribing that code to the survey itself. Ex. 2004, 105:10–
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`107:19. Thus, although CustomerSat’s feedback questionnaire may be the
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`target of the survey button, or invitation, it nonetheless “appears on a
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`completely separate webpage from the web page [] which contains [the]
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`pop-up invitation.” Ex. 2002 ¶ 47 (declaration of Dr. Shamos).8
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`8 As further support, Qualtrics points to a depiction of a feedback form
`appearing within the same screen, and overlying, a particular web page. Pet.
`23. As depicted, however, the feedback form is on a different web page than
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`7
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`Qualtrics faults OpinionLab for reading too much into CustomerSat’s
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`disclosure, arguing that “the cited disclosure says nothing about how the
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`resulting survey is displayed.” Reply 3 (citing Ex. 1003, 7, and Ex. 1027
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`¶¶ 14–17). Qualtrics misses the mark, however, because the very crux of the
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`claimed invention is directed at how the user feedback is provided, i.e.,
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`while the user remains at the particular web page. As such, Qualtrics’s
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`admission that CustomerSat does not teach how the survey is displayed—
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`i.e., whether it is on the same page or a different page—hurts, rather than
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`helps, their case.
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`Qualtrics also argues that “the unrefuted testimony of Mr.
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`Chisholm is that Pop!Up questionnaires could be—and, in fact, were—
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`displayed in a pop-up window.” Reply 3 (citing Ex. 1027 ¶¶ 18–22). We
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`disagree. OpinionLab’s declarant, Dr. Shamos, refutes expressly, and
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`credibly, the testimony of Mr. Chisholm, explaining multiple times that,
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`although the survey questionnaire “could be” displayed in a pop-up window,
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`“there’s no suggestion [in CustomerSat] that the questionnaire is showing up
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`in this—popup window.” Ex. 1028, 160:24–161:20; see also id. at 162:9–11
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`(“there’s no hint . . .”). And, more succinctly, in response to questions about
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`whether clicking on CustomerSat’s survey button would turn “the survey
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`invitation into a survey question,” and “could it work that way?,” Dr.
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`Shamos responded: “You mean is it physically possible that you could
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`mangle the website in that manner? Yes, you certainly could, if you wanted
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`to. There’s no—certainly no hint or suggestion here that it’s done that
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`the underlying web page, as evidenced by the different URLs associated
`with each. See Ex. 1005 ¶ 183.
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`way.” Id. at 164:23–165:20 (emphasis added). That testimony persuades us
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`that CustomerSat neither teaches providing the survey questionnaire, i.e.,
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`feedback form, on the same web page as the survey button, nor would it
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`have suggested as much to a skilled artisan.
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`Alternatively, Qualtrics relies on Medinets as teaching a “user
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`feedback form” (Ex. 1004, Fig. 21.3) that can be filled out while the user
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`remains at the particular web page from which a “submit button” (id., Fig.
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`21.4) was clicked to summon the feedback form. Pet. 38–39. According to
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`Qualtrics, Medinets teaches that the submit button and feedback form “are
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`both generated using HTML forms,” and, from that simple teaching,
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`surmises that they “could be on the same particular web page.” Id. at 38. In
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`support, Qualtrics proffers the testimony of its declarant, Mr. Chisholm, who
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`likewise speculates that Medinets’s submit button and feedback form “could
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`be” on the same particular web page, or the button “could be” set to open the
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`feedback form in a new browser window that would allow the user to remain
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`at the web page. Id. at 38–39 (citing Ex. 1005, ¶¶ 184–187).
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`That the feedback form of Medinets “could be” modified to remain on
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`the same web page as the submit button does not mean that a skilled artisan
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`would have understood Medinets as, in fact, teaching or suggesting such a
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`capability. In fact, when Medinets speaks of the “user feedback form” and
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`the “submit button,” we do not discern any teaching or suggestion of them
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`appearing on the same page. See, e.g., Ex. 1004, 60, 62. Indeed, Medinets
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`seems to indicate the opposite, stating that “a user feedback form appears
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`that automatically knows which page the user was on when the button was
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`pressed.” Id. at 60 (emphasis added). That the feedback form stores the
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`location of the page on which the button was pressed suggests that users are
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`taken to a different page, not that they remain on the same page.
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`Moreover, Qualtrics’s own declarant conceded that the “HTTP
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`addresses,” or “URLs,” for Medinets’s feedback form (Ex. 1004, Fig. 21.3)
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`and submit button (id., Fig. 21.4) “are different,” and “I don’t think there’s
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`anything that discloses the two pages are the same.” Ex. 2004, 41:17–43:23.
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`As such, we are not persuaded that Medinets’s feedback form is a pop-up
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`that appears on the same page as the submit button, but rather is a different
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`web page. OpinionLab’s declarant, Dr. Shamos, likewise corroborates that
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`Medinets’s feedback form is a “separate email form which replaces the web
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`page” having the submit button. Ex. 2002 ¶ 68. Thus, the record reflects
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`that both parties’ declarants agree that Medinets fails to teach or suggest a
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`feedback form that appears on the same web page as the submit button that
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`launches the feedback form.
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`Turning now to the third reference of the combination on which we
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`instituted trial, the HTML Spec, Qualtrics argues that it teaches the use of
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`“HTML frames,” which purportedly allow a user to provide feedback while
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`remaining at the particular web page. Pet. 44 (citing Ex. 1014, 193–205).
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`In making this argument, however, Qualtrics does not rely solely on the
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`HTML Spec, but points back to the feedback form in Medinets as being
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`“predicated on the use of HTML.” Id. at 44–45. As discussed above, we are
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`not persuaded by Qualtrics’s argument with respect to Medinets, nor are we
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`persuaded that the HTML Spec itself suffices to cure the deficiencies with
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`Medinets. Although the HTML Spec may describe, generally, the
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`advantages of “HTML frames,” nowhere does that description, as relied
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`upon by Qualtrics, teach the use of HTML frames for creating a feedback
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`form for a website. See Ex. 1014, 193–205. Even Qualtrics’s own declarant
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`conceded that it does not mention using HTML frames “to create a survey to
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`get feedback about a website.” See Ex. 2004, 59:9–21. As such, Qualtrics’s
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`argument with respect to the HTML Spec is no better, more likely less
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`availing, than its arguments with respect to CustomerSat and Medinets.
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`And, to the extent that Qualtrics may rely on the knowledge of a
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`skilled artisan to fill in the gaps found to exist in the teaching of the HTML
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`Spec, we are not persuaded. See Pet. 44–45; Reply 4. In particular,
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`Qualtrics points to the testimony of OpinionLab’s declarant, Dr. Shamos,
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`that, “If your question is could one have implemented the invention of the
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`OpinionLab patent using HTML 4, the answer is yes.” Reply 4 (citing Ex.
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`1028, 434:20–22) (emphasis added). But that response speaks to the use of
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`HTML, in general, as a possible tool for implementing the claimed
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`invention; it was not about a skilled artisan’s understanding of the HTML
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`Spec itself. As shown by testimony that followed immediately from that
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`statement, Dr. Shamos explained, quite aptly, that, “If your question is
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`would one be motivated by reading the HTML 4 manuals to make the
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`inventions of the OpinionLab patents, no.” Id. at 434:22–24 (emphasis
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`added). And, in reasoning that a skilled artisan would not have looked to the
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`HTML Spec for purposes of placing the feedback form in a popup window,
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`he stated, “there’s nothing whatsoever to do with collecting feedback or
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`survey information here.” Id. at 435:1–25. Qualtrics does not offer any
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`rebuttal to that testimony, nor could it, because its own declarant testified
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`similarly, as discussed above. See Ex. 2004, 59:9–21.
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`Thus, after considering the totality of the evidence presented by
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`Qualtrics and OpinionLab, we determine that the preponderance weighs in
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`favor of showing that neither CustomerSat, Medinets, nor HTML Spec,
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`individually or collectively, would have taught or suggested to a skilled
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`artisan the capability of providing feedback while the user remained at the
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`particular web page from which the feedback was solicited, as required by
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`each of the independent claims. The remaining claims challenged in the
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`Petition, claims 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, and 33, depend,
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`directly or indirectly, from claims 1, 10, 18, and 26, and thus, include the
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`limitation that we determined was lacking from CustomerSat, Medinets, and
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`HTML Spec, as discussed above. Accordingly, we determine that Qualtrics
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`has not demonstrated by preponderant evidence that dependent claims 2, 5,
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`8, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, and 33 are unpatentable over the
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`combination of CustomerSat, Medinets, and HTML Spec.
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`
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`C. Qualtrics’s Motion to Exclude Evidence
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`Qualtrics moves to exclude the opinions of OpinionLab’s declarant,
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`Dr. Shamos, for two reasons. Mot. 1 (Paper 36). First, Qualtrics seeks to
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`exclude Dr. Shamos’s opinions because he “applied the wrong legal standard
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`in determining the level of ordinary skill.” Id. at 2. According to Qualtrics,
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`Dr. Shamos “considered only the ’805 Patent and failed to assess the prior
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`art in the field” in opining on non-obviousness. Id. But the only support
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`offered by Qualtrics is its mischaracterization of Dr. Shamos’s deposition
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`testimony that he “deemed the prior art ‘irrelevant.’” Id. at 3. We are not
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`persuaded.
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`
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`Our review of Dr. Shamos’s testimony reveals that he considered the
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`patent specification of the ’805 patent in terms of the “field of the
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`invention,” the “level of education and background [] needed to understand
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`the specification,” and “what one would need to know” in order to
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`understand not only the claimed invention but also “the prior art that was
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`referenced in the petitions.” Ex. 1028, 70:1–19. That he reviewed more
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`than simply the ’805 patent, in opining on the level of skill in the art, is
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`likewise confirmed by his declaration, which attests that he “considered the
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`three references” relied on in the Petition, “along with all of its Exhibits”
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`and the “prosecution histories” of patents related to the ’805 patent. Ex.
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`2002 ¶¶ 18, 20.
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`
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`Moreover, as he further attests, Dr. Shamos opined on the level of
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`skill in the art based on his “education, experience, and training in academia
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`and industry.” Id. ¶ 31. Because, as a matter of necessity, the knowledge
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`that Dr. Shamos gained in the course of his career, which includes
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`significant experience in the field of “eCommerce” and “public opinion
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`polling” (Ex. 2002 ¶¶ 4–11, 13), would have weighed in his assessment of
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`the level of skill in the art, we are not persuaded by Qualtrics’s contention
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`that his opinion was based solely on the ’805 patent. As such, we deny
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`Qualtrics’s motion to exclude the declaration and deposition testimony of
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`Dr. Shamos with respect to his opinions regarding non-obviousness of the
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`claimed invention.
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`Qualtrics also seeks to exclude Dr. Shamos’s opinions on secondary
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`considerations because they “go beyond his qualifications” and “fail to show
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`the required nexus.” Mot. 1. As there was no need for us to reach evidence
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`of secondary considerations, Qualtrics’ motion to exclude on that issue is
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`denied as moot.
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`IV. CONCLUSION
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`
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`Qualtrics has not proven by preponderant evidence that claims 1, 2, 5,
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`8, 10, 11, 14, 17–19, 22, 25–27, 30, and 33 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C.
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`§ 103 as obvious over CustomerSat, Medinets, and HTML Spec. This is a
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`Final Written Decision of the Board under 35 U.S.C. § 318(a).
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`Accordingly, it is hereby:
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`V. ORDER
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`ORDERED that claims 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17–19, 22, 25–27, 30,
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`and 33 of the ’805 patent have not been proven to be unpatentable by a
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`preponderance of the evidence;
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`FURTHER ORDERED that Qualtrics’s Motion to Exclude is denied;
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`and
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`FURTHER ORDERED that any party seeking judicial review of this
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`Final Written Decision must comply with the notice and service
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`requirements of 37 C.F.R. § 90.2.
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`14
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`15
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`IPR2014-00366
`Patent 8,041,805 B2
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`PETITIONERS:
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`Robert Steinberg
`Neil A. Rubin
`Jonathan M. Jackson
`Philip Wang
`LATHAM & WATKINS LLP
`bob.steinberg@lw.com
`neil.rubin@lw.com
`jonathan.jackson@lw.com
`philip.wang@lw.com
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`
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`For PATENT OWNER:
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`Christopher W. Kennerly
`Timothy P. Cremen
`Naveen Modi
`PAUL HASTINGS LLP
`chriskennerly@paulhastings.com
`timothycremen@paulhastings.com
`naveenmodi@paulhastings.com