Taber’s
`I CYCLOPEDIC
`
`MEDICAL
`DICTIONARY
`
`~...._,,,
`
`I M.P.H.
`
`F. A. DAVIS COMPANY Q PHILADELPHIA
`
`

`
`INTRODUCT
`
`.: Elave the prrrlleg-E and
`M-:w:~:pi:L<hed medical lexixrug
`H.
`s-;._-5.:.me in vie: of the II
`‘,-
`
`,-
`p
`3:? rt, ti Sui E-M
`2:91-54:11»: 5 mfiimni 3 rfi ll
`
`United States of America
`F. A. DAVIS COMPANY
`1915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 19103
`Canada
`MCGRAVV-HILL RYERSON LIMITED
`330 Progress Ave., Scarborough, 707, Ontario
`Australia
`
`AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND BOOK CO. PTY. LTD.
`83-85 Whltlng Street, Artarmon, N.S.W., Austraha 2064
`
`Asian Edition
`IGAKU SHOIN LTD.
`1-28-36 Hongo Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
`Tokyo International P. O. Box 5063
`
`India, Burma and Ceylon
`THE KOTHARI BOOK DEPOT
`Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Bombay 12, India
`
`Copyright © 1973 by F. A. DAVIS COMPANY
`Second Printing, April 1973
`Third Printing, January 1974
`
`Copyright 1940, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953,
`1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1968,
`1969, and 1970 by F. A. Davis Company.
`
`Copyright under the International Copyright Union. All rights re-
`served. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be
`reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
`or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
`otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Library of
`Congress Catalog Card Number 62-8364. ISBN 0-8036-8302-2 (Thumb-
`indexed). ISBN 0-8036-8303-0 (Plain).
`
`MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
`
`

`
`
`P-34
`
`pavemenfing. GI
`inflammation in I
`the lining of G55
`Pavlov <p5V’1t'fil
`Russian physidfl!
`Nobel prize in ‘
`remembered P33‘
`conditioned I3
`tioned.
`pavor (pa'vorl [Ll-
`. noctunll
`sleep in childral
`Pb. Chem. s,vtnh- 5
`P.B. Abbr.
`for 1’
`British pharmaa
`PBI. Abbr. for F“
`P.B.W. Abbr. fur.
`tistry.
`PBZ. Abbr. for p!
`p.c. Abbr. for F3‘
`pC02. Symb. for 4
`tension.
`PCV. Abbr. for F
`Pd. Ch8lZl'L,5.‘1n'b‘ 1
`P.D. Abbr. for Q
`pea (pé) lME Pe-
`grown in ism!!!
`seeds in a SW5
`proteins than Q
`tils, but P00"! 1
`Food value If
`liquid): Cal. 552 '
`carbohydrate 11
`min A, 450 LC-
`peach (péch' I30
`Food value I
`protein 0.6 sin:
`gm.; calcium 9
`(based on 3939'
`fleshed varied!
`peanut 1pé'nitL
`with edible. Em
`and as a sonic!
`Food value
`shelled): Cal. 5!
`
`patho
`
`P-33
`
` ‘ .
`
`
`
`to become
`
`
`
`“
`
`..
`
`u
`
`,1. -grseased state or condition.
`"
`ii ;2'.h or a course; more sP9C1fi'
`» 1'mr::ed by neurons (cell bodies and
`‘ over which imP“15e5 Pass
`nfiir gm: of origin to their destina-
`J! i. N'.:&‘-_'11l%l or metabolic p.;
`the
`:'mm:».2l reactions that occur In
`.. 5 specific substances are ab-
`and altered as the)’ are
`
`« 1 :2 body.
`—
`t. One leading from a recep‘
`51:21 cord and/ or brain-
`I. P. within the brain or spinal
`
`_
`p., onatomic.1=-‘mi
`. '1‘ 1 Tendency
`g
`structural changes 3}
` (p§th"csi-k61'6-ji)
`I11)’-
`l“+
`_ gages, study]. The branch of
`p., cellular. P. niacin
`with mental processes
`croscopic changes in 1‘
`ease.
`p., chemical hr
`changes that occur 3:
`p., comparatiuu K-
`pathological conditzhr.
`'
`tificial, in the lower
`organisms as comgnru 3»
`man body.
`p., experimena ‘i
`duced artificially aim?
`animals.
`p., functional no
`of functions that oczzz in i
`without associated v -w
`physiologic patholagr
`p., geographical. P
`climate and geograpézy.
`p., medical. The pi i
`are not accessible for -
`i
`
`
`
`
`therapy or system of medicine, as allopathic,
`homeopathic, or osteopathic.
`patho- (pz'ith'6). Combining form indicating
`disease or suffering.
`pathocrine (p5th'6—krin, -krén, -krin) [Gr.
`pathos, suffering, + lrrinein,
`to secrete].
`Concerning an endocrine disorder.
`pathodixia (path”6-dik’si-5) [“+ deixis, exhi-
`bition]. Abnormal exhibitionism in refer-
`ence to an injury or to disease.
`pathodontia (path"6—d6n'shi-5) ["+ odous,
`odont-, tooth]. Branch of dentistry dealing
`with diseases of the teeth.
`pathogen (path?)-jén) [Gr. pathos suffering,
`+ gemian, to produce]. A microorganism or
`substance capable of producing a disease.
`pathogenesis (p:71th"6—jén'é-sis). Origina-
`tion and development of a disease.
`p. drug. 1. Morbid symptoms of disease
`produced by a drug. 2. Observation of all
`symptoms which may be produced by a drug.
`pathogenetic. pathogenic (path"6-jén-
`ét’ik, -jén’ik). Productive of disease. SYN:
`morbi/ic.
`
`p. organism. One that produces dis-
`ease.
`
`pathogeny (path-6j'én-i). The origin or
`growth of a disease. SYN: pathogenesis.
`pathognomonic (péth"<')g-n6—m5n’ik)
`[Gr.
`pathognomonikos, skilled in diagnosing]. In-
`dicative of a disease, esp. its characteristic
`symptoms.
`,-i-
`pathologic. pathological (path-6—l6j’i
`kal) [Gr. pathos, disease, + logos, study]. 1.
`Concerning pathology. 2. Diseased; due to a
`disease. SYN: morbid
`p. histology. Histology of diseased tis-
`sues.
`
`
`
`carbohydra‘-‘t 1.
`P-
`' '
`added. Food I
`protein 23 gm;
`gm.; calcium 5
`p. oil. USP
`the seed ken
`cultivated T1
`Used as :3 ii!
`tions.
`pear (pérl [MBA
`ly—cultivaIed in
`Food 7112
`protein 0:7 F
`gm; caldlls I
`
`‘
`
`“
`
`‘
`
`~
`.
`
`.
`
`amduction. A group Of fibers ll} 3
`£11222; cord. or brain over which
`1:‘! conducted.
`~ dkant. P. from the central nerv-
`i
`: an effector.
`V
`_
`‘ fiabolic. The sequence of chemi-
`rhich occur as a substance 15
`-« w
`'
`w-
`'
`
`P. over which motor imP‘115e5
`from a motor center to mus-
`
`‘ Ziry. P. over which sensory im-
`at-. cozzveyed from sense organs °1'
`~_- sensory or reflex centers of the
`‘ =:lr': tr brain.
`_
`lg: rénzl [L. patiens]. 1. Enduring
`M 1.-_r_\'_ 2. A person who is receiving
`....l 531' disease.
`
`.
`a: ri-sid). Parricide, Q-V-
`'3, pater, father, + l1'nea,1mel~
`fictnt through the father.
`
`L .1. design, figure. model, or exam;
`‘ . 1; 3;-_;:i;o1ogy, a set or arrangement 0
`it miravior reactions.
`in-i.1as) [L. patulusi. Open. dis‘
`grad apart. SYN: patent»
`-
`tpawl"o-kar’di-5)
`[G13 Paula’
`- Lardia, heart]. 1. Sensation of
`..~
`_ stoppage of heartbeat. 2. Undue
`Vi;
`~ of the rest period in the cardiac
`
`«
`
`xlfl» 313-]. An interruPti°“9 3 temp“
`‘ 3.202: of activity.
`
`
`__ qmypensatory. The long interval
`m extrasystole, so-called because
`'5; is such that the next beat occurs
`sac: time of the succeeding normal
`
`
`
`
`
`(paxh"
`
`V’
`
`'
`
`p., special The p at’
`or organs.
`p., surgical The 3 ii ‘
`ble to surgery.
`pathomania (pathens -Will
`suffering + mania, --
`'
`»
`'
`‘
`ty;
`irresistible tendency
`i
`conduct with retention all’
`pathometry (pa-thbm ‘eczil lu
`measure]. The estimate at
`“
`disease.
`tpéxjc
`pathomimesis
`mimésis, imitation]. ~« ~
`scious as well as cost
`disease.
`pathomimicry
`thomimesis, q.v.
`pathomorphism (paxlr
`morphé, form, + ismos. -
`abnormal form and stra::mru
`pathonomy (path—6n‘6-mi &
`ease, + nomos, law]. Sca—
`diseased conditions.
`pathophilia (p:ith"ofi1”i-i~ fill? -
`love]. Adjustment of hi 3» ‘
`made mandatory by some —
`pathophobia (path-6—l6hi-i“ I1-
`fear]. Morbid fear of dfix
`pathophoresis (pathӢ'>-fur
`thos, disease, + phorzn
`
`transmission of disease
`
`pathology (pa-th6l'?rji). 1. Study of the na-
`pathophoric (p5th"6-fofk.
`
`ture rnd cause of disease which involves
`transmitting disease, as aria ‘
`
`changes in structure and function. 2. Condi-
`pathopoiesis (p5th"(»po_w*‘i‘-ll
`
`tion produced by disease.
`disease, + poiésis, produccifil
`
`
`p. reaction to alcohol. An exceeding-
`ly severe reaction to ingestion of alcohol,
`esp. to small amounts. Manifested by irra-
`tional violent behavior followed by exhaus-
`tion, sleep, and loss of recall of the event.
`Patient may not be intoxicated. SYN: patho-
`logical intoxication.
`ETIOL: Unknown, but is associated with
`hypoglycemia, exhaustion, and stress.
`/7. reflex. An abnormal reflex indicating
`an abnormal or diseased state.
`pathologist (pa-th6l'¢‘>jist) [Gr. pathos, dis-
`ease, + logos, study]. A specialist in diagnos-
`ing the morbid changes in tissues removed
`at operations and postmortem examina-
`tions.
`
`
`
`

`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`G47
`
`
`
`groove. pterygopalat ,
`
`
`g., lacrimal. 1. A g. on posterior surf
`of frontal process of the maxilla. 2. A g.
`
`anterior surface of the posterior lacri
`crest of the lacrimal bone. The two g.’s se
`to lodge the lacrimal sac.
`g., Iaryngotracheal. A g. along -
`ventral surface of the anterior portion of
`embryonic gut which gives rise to the
`piratory organs.
`g., malleolar. G. on anterior surfa ‘
`distal end of tibia which lodges tendon)‘-
`the tibialis posterior and flexor digito '
`longus musculi.
`g., medullary. G., neural, q.v.
`g., musculospiral. G., radial, q.v.
`9-. mylohyoid. G. on inner surface.
`the mandible which runs obliquely forw -
`and downward lodging the mylohyoid no
`and artery. In the embryo it lodges Mec
`cartilage.
`g., nasolacrimal. In the embryo, 9
`extending from inner angle of the eye to -
`primitive olfactory sac. It separates
`maxillary and lateral nasal processes and
`epithelial lining gives rise to the nasol -'
`mal duct.
`'
`g., nasopalatine. G. on vomer l - -.
`—
`nasopalatine nerve and vessels.
`g., neural. A longitudinal g. on -i‘
`surface of the embryo lying between
`neural folds. Upon closure of the folds‘
`form the neural tube, the g. becomes A
`.
`cavity of the neural tube, eventually gi
`rise to the ventricles of the brain and -
`central canal of the spinal cord.
`"
`g., obturator. A g. at the superior
`posterior angle of the obturator fora
`through which pass the obturator
`and nerve.
`
`grinder
`
`grinder (grin'der) [AS. grindan, to gnash]. A
`molar tooth. SYN: dens molaris [NA].
`grInd’ers' disease. Chronic lung disease
`due to dust inhalation. SYN: pneumoconia
`sis; siderosis.
`to seize].
`grip, grippe (grip) [Fr. gripper,
`Acute, infectious disease marked by fever,
`prostration, pains in head and back, and up-
`per respiratory tract symptoms such as
`cough and nasal congestion. SYN: influenza,
`q.v.
`gripes (grips) [AS. gripan, to grasp]. Intermit-
`tent severe pains in bowels. SYN: colic.
`griseofulvin. An antifungal antibiotic for
`oral administration. Especially effective in
`ringworm.
`gristle (gris'él) [AS.]. Cartilage.
`grits. Coarsely ground corn.
`(degermed, en-
`Food value of 100 gm.
`riched, cooked): Cal. 51; protein 1.2 gm.; car-
`bohydrate 11 gm.
`grocers’ itch. Eczema or psoriasis of the
`hands due to irritation from handling flour,
`sugar, etc.
`Groff electrosurgical knife. Device for
`use of cutting current. Utilizes a high fre-
`quency current which seals vessels as it di-
`vides them.
`groin [AS. grynde, abyss]. The depression be-
`tween the thigh and trunk. The inguinal re-
`gion. SEE: venereal bubo.
`groove [Middle Dutch, groeve, ditch]. Long
`narrow channel, depression, or
`furrow.
`SYN: sulcus.
`g., biciptal. Depression for long tendon
`of the triceps located on anterior surface of
`humerus. SYN: intertubercular g.
`g., branchial. In the embryo, a g. lined
`with ectoderm which lies between two
`
`
`growth
`
`oove, radial G-48
`with similar structures or properties are
`maxilla and pterygoid process of the sphe-
`classified within certain groups.
`noid, transmits the palatine nerve and de-
`g. therapy. A form of simultaneous psy-
`scending palatine artery.
`chotherapy involving two or more patients
`g., radial. The musculospiral g.; a broad
`and one or more psychotherapists.
`shallow g. running in a spiral direction on
`group’i ng. Classification.
`posterior surface of the humerus. It trans-
`g., blood. Classifying blood of different
`mits radial‘ nerve and the profunda branchi
`individuals according to agglutinating and
`artery.
`hemolyzing qualities before making a blood
`g., rhombic. One of seven transverse
`transfusion. SEE: blood groups; blood trans-
`g.’s in the floor of the developing rhomben-
`fusion.
`cephalon. They separate the neuromeres.
`g. serum. A serum used for determining
`g., sagittal. The sagittal sulcus; a shal-
`the blood group to which unknown cells be-
`low g. on inner surface of the parietal bones
`long. The g. serums commonly used are hu-
`which lodges the superior sagittal sinus.
`man serums secured from donors and rabbit
`g., sigmoid. G. on inner surface of the
`antiserums prepared commercially.
`mastoid portion of temporal bone. It trans-
`mits the transverse sinus.
`grow’ing pains. An imprecise term indicat-
`ing ill-defined pain in the musculo-skeletal
`g., subcostal. G., costal, q.v.
`system of young persons. There is no evi-
`g., tympanic. A g. at the bottom of the
`dence that
`the pain is related to rapid
`exterior auditory meatus which receives the
`growth.
`inferior portion of the tympanic membrane.
`growth [AS. gréwan, to grow]. The progres-
`g., urethral. A g. on caudal surface of
`sive development or increase in size of a liv-
`the genital tubercle or phallus bordered by
`ing thing. This may be normal as in growth
`the urethral folds. The latter close, trans-
`of an embryo or child, or pathological as in
`forming the g. into the cavernous urethra.
`a cyst or benign or malignant tumor. '
`g., vertebral. G., costovertebral, q.v.
`METHODS: (1) By the synthesis of new
`5., -.---.
`n uicz-nr._¢_:_I, G ; hranchial. q.v.
`protoplasm and multiplication of cells. (2)
`gross (gros) [L. grossus, thick]. 1. Consisting
`By the manufacture and deposition of non-
`of large particles or components; coarse or
`living substances either within or outside of
`cells.
`large. 2. Being quite large or obese. 3. Hav-
`mg an insensitiveness or lack of refinement.
`TYPES: (1) Organs of the lymphoid type,
`g. anatomy. Study of organs and parts
`such as the thymus and the lymph nodes,
`seen without the aid of a microscope.
`grow fastest early in life, reach their peak of
`g. lesion. Lesion visible to the eye with-
`development at the age of about 12, and then
`out the aid of a microscope.
`regress.
`Grotthuss. law of. Only those ‘light rays
`(2) The neural type of organ, such as the
`which are absorbed are biologically active.
`brain, cord, eye, and meninges, grows in
`ground. Basic substance or foundation; re-
`childhood, but is close to its adult size by the
`nluced to a powder; pulverized.
`age of 8 years. This size is maintained with-
`g. bundle. Fasciculus proprius, a bundle
`out regression.
`
`
`
`‘
`
`‘
`
`I
`
`_-
`
`

`
`seg-
`
`suprarenopathy (sfi"pr5-re-n6p’€i-thi). Any
`disorder of the suprarenal glands.
`[L. su-
`suprascapular (su"pra-skap'u-lar)
`pra, above, + scapula, shoulder]. Located
`above the scapula.
`[“+ segmentum,
`suprasegmen’ta|
`ment]. Above the segmented portion.
`s. brain. The cerebrum, midbrain, and
`cerebellum as distinguished from the seg-
`mental portion (pons and medulla oblon-
`gata).
`suprasellar (su"pra-sél'§r) [“+ sella. saddle].
`Above or over the sella turcica.
`suprasonic (sfi”pr5-s6n'ik) [L. supra, above,
`+ sonus, sound]. Noting sound with frequen-
`cies of vibration above 20,000 per second.
`SEE: supersonic.
`supraspinal
`(sfi"pr§-spi'nal)
`thorn]. Above a spine.
`supraspi’nous. Above any spinous process.
`s. fossa. A groove above the spine of the
`scapula.
`supra.
`[L.
`(si‘i"pr5-stér'nal)
`suprasternal
`above, + Gr. sternon, chest]. Above the
`sternum. SYN: episternal.
`supra”ster'o|. Substance produced by over-
`irradiation of vitamin D.
`supratentorial. Located above the tentori-
`um.
`
`[“+ spina, a
`
`surgery. plastic
`S-131
`suprarenopathy
`
`rubber membrane. It is the result of mutual
`attraction of the molecules to each other.
`thus producing a cohesive state which
`causes liquids to assume a shape presentin|
`the smallest surface area to the surrounding
`medium. This accounts for the spherical
`shape assumed by fluids, such as drops of oil
`or water. ABBR: S.T.
`surfac’tant. An agent that lowers surflcn
`tension. Ex: oils and various forms of deter-
`gents.
`s., pulmonary. A phospholipid sub-
`stance important in controlling the surflfl‘
`tension of air-liquid emulsion which is pre-
`sent
`in the lungs. Abnormalities in thll
`surfactant have been noted in prematurity.
`hyaline membrane disease, and pulmonary
`edema.
`surfer's knots. Nodular swelling and poul-
`bly bone changes of area of lower leg and
`foot exposed to pressure and trauma whlltv
`on a surfboard. Nodules may be painful.
`surgeon (sur'jun) [0.Fr. serugen]. A moll-
`cal practitioner who specializes in surgery.
`5., dental. A dentist authorized to oplfl‘
`ate on the mouth and teeth. SYN: stamatuhl
`gist.
`s., house. A s. in training who wofb‘
`under the supervision of the attending 5.
`1.
`surgery (si‘ir’ji“ir-i)
`[0.Fr.
`sermgerie].
`Branch of medicine dealing with mini‘?
`and operative procedures for correction H
`deformities and defects, repair of injuring
`diagnosis and cure of diseases,
`rellof
`suffering, and prolongation of life. SYN!
`clziruzgery, chirurgia. 2. Surgeon’s opolli
`ing room.
`cl
`5., aseptic. Operative procedures all:
`ried on under aseptic conditions or in K
`absence of pathogenic organisms.
`
`[L. su-
`supratrochlear (sfi"pra-tr6k'lé-ar)
`pra, above, + trochlea, pulley]. Above a
`trochlea, esp. that of the humerus.
`supravaginal (su"pra-vaj'i-nal) [“+ vagina,
`sheath]. Above the vagina or any sheathing
`membrane.
`supravergence (sri"pra-vér'jéns) [“+ ver-
`gere, to be inclined]. Condition in which one
`eye moves upward in the vertical plane
`while the other does not.
`sure (si‘i'ra) [L.]. [NA]. Calf of the leg; muscu-
`
`surgical
`
`5'13?
`
`sutura harmonia
`
`surgical (s1'ir'ji-kél). Of the nature of or pert.
`to surgery.
`
`s. dlsthern-iy. The use of high-frequen-
`cy electrical oscillations in such a way that
`animal tissues are destroyed.
`s. dressing. Sterile protective covering
`of gauze or other substance applied to an
`operative wound. SEE: chemise.
`
`‘s. fever. Fever following an operation or
`.
`inJury.
`'
`s. neck. Constricted part of shaft of
`humerus below the tuberosities; commonly
`the seat of fracture.
`[L. surrogatus, sub-
`surrogate (sfir'o-gat)
`stituted]. 1. Something or someone replacing
`another; a substitute, esp. an emotional
`substitute for another. 2. In psychoanalysis,
`the representation of one whose identity is
`concealed from conscious recognition as in a
`dream; a figure of importance may repre
`sent one’s loved one.
`sursumduction (sfir"si'im—di‘ik'shi'in) [L. sur-
`SUH1, upward, + ducere, to lead]. Elevation,
`as the power or act of turning an eye upward
`independently of the other one.
`sursumvergence (sfir"si'im-vér'jéns)
`[“+
`verge-re, to turn]. An upward turning, as of
`the eyeballs.
`[“+
`sursumversion (sfir"sfim-vér'zhfin)
`V_9I3i0. turning]. Process of turning upward;
`simultaneous movement of both eyes up-
`ward.
`susceptible (sfi-sép’ti-bl) [L. susceptibilis, ca.
`pable of receiving]. 1. Having little resist-
`ance to a disease or foreign protein. 2. An
`individual with little resistance to an infec-
`tious disease or who is not known to have
`
`become immune to one. 3. Easily impressed
`or influenced.
`suscitate (sfis'i_t5t) [L_ Suscl-tire’ to muse].
`
`s., colloidal. A colloidal solution in
`which particles of the dispersed phase are
`relatively large.
`3., stability. Degree of speed with which
`erythrocytes sink to bottom in a mass of
`citrated blood. SYN: sedimentation rate.
`s., tendon. Tenodesis; fixation of a ten-
`don.
`
`S.’ of the uterus. The operation of at-
`taching the uterus to the abdominal wall.
`suspensoid (sfis—pén's0yd)
`[“+ Gr. eidos,
`form]. A colloid solution in which the dis-
`persed particles are solid, as distinguished
`from emulsoid. SYN: suspension, colloidal.
`suspen3°'Y (51~1S‘Pén'S6-ti) [L. suspensarius,
`lfangingl 1- Supporting a part, as a muscle,
`ligament, or bone. 2. A structure of the body
`which supports a part. 3. Bandage or sac for
`supporting or compressing a part, esp. the
`scrotum.
`s. bandage. A sling for support of the
`testicles.
`
`. s. ligament. Any one of a number of
`ligaments which support a specific organ or
`structure. SEE: ligament, suspensory.
`suspiration (sfis"pir-a'shfin) [L. suspiratio].
`A sigh or the act of sighing.
`to
`suspirious (sfis—pi'ri-us)
`[L. suspirare,
`sign]. Breathing with apparent effort; sigh-
`ing.
`sustentacular (sfis"tén-tak’1'i-lfir)
`[L. sus-
`tentaculum, support]. Supporting; uphold-
`ing.
`
`5. cell. A supporting cell such as those
`found in the ‘acoustic macula, organ of Corti,
`olfactory epithelium, taste buds, or testes.
`SEE: Serta1i’s cells.
`s. fibers of Miiller. Fibers forming the
`supporting framework of the retina.