ERIC-1032
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`Ericsson v. IV, IPR2014—1032
`Page 1 of 4
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`ERIC-1032
`Ericsson v. IV, IPR2014-1032
`Page 1 of 4
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`NEW'l'0N'S 'l'ElECOM DICTIONARY
`
`copyright © 2000 Harry Newton
`email: Harry_Newton@Techno|ogy|nvestor.com
`personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright com‘/entions,
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Published by CMP Books
`An Imprint of CMP Media Inc.
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`
`ISBN 1-57820-053-9
`
`July, 2000
`
`Sixteenth and a Half Edition, Expanded and Updated
`
`For individual orders, and for information on special discounts for quantity orders,
`please contact:
`
`CMP Books
`
`6600 Silacci Way
`Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: 800-LIBRARY or 408-848-3854
`Fax: 408-848-5784
`
`Email: te|ecom@rushorder.com
`
`
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. and Canada by
`Publishers Group West
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
`
`
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`ERIC-1032
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`ERIC-1032
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`NEW'l'0N's
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
`
`
`
`The Official Dictionary of Telecommunications
`Networking and Internet
`
`3m
`
`an-American Copyright conventions,
`Jortions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Jpdated
`
`rpecial discounts for quantity orders,
`
`Mada by
`
`Improved Edition
`
`16th and a Half Updated, Expanded and Much
`
`
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`Page 3 of 4
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`ERIC-1032
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`ERIC-1032
`Page 3 of 4
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`Park To compress data items so they take up less space. A
`process used by many database programs to remove records
`marked for deletion.
`Parker 1. Generic term for a bundle of data, usually in bina-
`ry form, organized in a specific way for transmission. The spe-
`cific native protocol of the data network may term the packet as
`a packet, block, frame or cell. A packet consists of the data to
`be transmitted and certain control information. The three prin-
`cipal elements of a packet include: 1. Header — control infor-
`mation such as synchronizing bits, address of the destination
`or target device, address of originating device, length of pack-
`et, etc. 2. Text or payload — the data to be transmitted. The
`payload may be fixed in length (e.g., X.25 packets and ATM
`cells), or variable in length (e.g., Ethernet and Frame Relay
`frames). 3. Trailer — end of packet, and error detection and
`correction bits. See also Block, Cell and Frame.
`
`Generic Formal of a Data Packet STX=Start of Text EXT=End of Text
`
`Header
`
`2. Specific packaging of data in a packet—switched network,
`such as X.25, Frame Relay or ATM. A true packet—switched
`network such as X.25 involves packets of a specific and fixed
`length. In a public packet switched network, such packet pay-
`loads originally were specified as being either 1288 or 256B,
`where B=Byte. In later versions of the standards, that packet
`size was increased to a maximum of 4,0968, although the
`packet payload size generally does not exceed either 512B or
`1024B. The larger packet size traditionally is used in airline
`reservation systems and other applications where relatively
`large sets of data routinely are transmitted. A X.25 packet
`prepends the payload with header information including a flag
`of eight bits; the flag denotes the beginning of the packet and
`also serves to assist the network nodes (packet switches) in
`synchronizing on the rate of transmission. An address field of
`eight bits also prepends the payload, with four hits identifying
`the target device and four bits identifying the transmitting
`device. Control data of eight—to—sixteen bits comprise the last
`element of the header; included in control data is the packet
`number in order that the network nodes might identify and
`correct for lost or errored packets. Appending the payload is
`a trailer consisting of a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC),
`which is used by all packet nodes for purposes of error detec-
`tion and correction. See ATM, CRC, Frame Relay, Packet
`Assembler/Disassembler (PAD), X.25.
`Puckel Assembler/Disnssemlaler PAD. A hard-
`ware/software combination that forms the interface between a
`X.25 network such as PDN and an asynchronous device such
`as a PC. The PAD generates call request, call clear, and other
`information packets in addition to the ones that contain user
`data. The PAD is responsible for packetizing the data from the
`transmitting device before it is forwarded through the packet
`network. On the receiving end of the transmission, the PAD
`strips away the control
`information contained in the header
`and trailer in order to get at the original text or payload,
`in
`effect disassembling the packets and reconstituting the origi-
`nal set of data in its native or original form. The PAD may be
`in the form of a standalone DCE device on the customer
`premise and supporting one or more terminals, or in the form
`
`7
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`,
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`‘
`
`I
`
`-
`if
`*
`v_
`
`P6 lmeyig successor)to the Pentium processor. The P6 is now
`in Pentium ro.
`“Med elocol The protocol used between a UA (User
`. W Pro
`_
`Agent) and a MS (Message Store). Defined in the 1988
`t ndard.
`’
`géigoéfirmnl An enchanted version of the P2 format that
`eared in the 1988 X.400 standard.
`Pulse to Tone & Rotary Dial Recognition products.
`M5 Formal The EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) mes-
`e header enhancement to x.4oo that enables ED|—specific
`i
`ngressing, routing and handling of EDI messaging. Defined
`add
`it 1990 in the x.435 standard.
`flo2.ll P802.11 is a series of evolving standards in the
`*
`reless Local Area Network arena. The IEEE Program
`02.11 Standards Working Group aims to define universal
`ways for wireless LANs in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and
`rated frequency bands. Main components in the 802.11
`jgndard are twofold: 1. The physical specifications for medi-
`gpydependent protocols. There are different physical specifi-
`“gong tor each frequency band supported in 802.11. 2. The
`medium Access Control
`(MAC) specifications for ad—hoc
`greless networks and wireless network infrastructures. A sin-
`"gs medium—independent MAC protocol provides a unified
`Z
`ork interface between different wireless PHYs (Physical
`ii
`ecifications) and wired networks.
`1. Public Address. Loud speaker system, sometimes used
`paging
`> Pooling'Administrator. See Number Pooling.
`X Private Automatic Branch eXchange. Originally, PBX
`he word for a switch inside a private business (as against
`serving the public). PBX means a Private Branch
`ange. Such a "PBX" was typically a manual device,
`ring operator assistance to complete a call. Then the
`went "modern” (i.e. automatic) and no operator was
`ded any longer to complete outgoing calls. You could dial
`Thus it became a "PABX.” Now all PABXs are modern.
`hit a PABX is now commonly referred to as a “PBX.
`.i; Personal Activity Center. A combination IBM PC clone,
`ill clock, answering machine, speakerphone, fax machine,
`or compact—disk player and AM/FM radio all rolled into
`lllf unit sitting on your desk.
`l
`loll Pacific Bell, the California Bell Operating Company
`' it which, along with Nevada Bell, formed Pacific Telesis
`9|). pacrei was one of the Seven originay Regional Beg
`ating Companies
`(RBOCs)
`formed in 1984 by the
`lied Final Judgement (MFJ). As PacTeI was acquired by
`_ corporation (Southwestern Be“) in 1995, pac Be“ is
`oil a subsidiary of s|3()_
`the Seven’ n0w_[ndependeny
`~. Hi‘ 191,53, one 0;
`iii Holding Companies formed at the Divestiture of
`of 1983.
`It holds Pacific Bell, Nevada Bell and several
`regulated subsidiaries.
`In 1996, SBC Corporation
`“iiilll Pacific Telesis.
`in Controlled rate of flow dictated by the receiving
`in o_nent, to prevent congestion. A method of flow control
`ll?
`sSNA. See Pacing Group.
`‘
`it 9 Algorithm The mathematical rules established to
`iyi the rate at which calls are placed by an automatic dialing
`‘
`iii he, also called a predictive dialer. See Predictive Dialer.
`lllll g Conlrol SNA term for flow control. See Pacing
`ti 9 Group In IBM's SNA, the number of data units
`i ilnfolrmation Units, or PlUs) that can be sent before a
`~iii se is received. An IBM term for window.
`
`
`
`
`
`)M DICTIONARY
`
`3
`
`if
`undefined messaging in an X.400 MHS (Message Hand“
`System). Not officially part of the X400 standards but pecan. "
`the U.S. intercept solution to P35 and X.435.
`Pol, P.0l, Pnn or P.n_n The Grade of Service for
`this '
`Dtl0lle Sl/Stelll Tile digits t0ii0Wlllg the P, l.e. nn, indicate
`i
`number of calls per hundred that are or can be blocked gym
`system. It is a goal or a measure of an event. In this exam
`ll 5
`P01 (also spelled P.01) means one call in a hundred (leg -1-
`divided by 100) can be blocked, so the system is designed“
`meet
`this criterion. See Grade of Service and Tram,
`Ell9ill8ttllll9-
`_
`.
`.
`i
`Pl Protocol P1 is the protocol defined in the X.400gl3,,;
`dard used between We (Message Transfer Agents) Ilj
`leiayillg lll6S3’r19€3- Detilled 35 tile 3llVei0lle, P1 is a poll up.
`ot an X.400 message the identifies the message origina
`and potential recipients, records information about the
`sage’s path through the MTS (Message Transfer Ser
`directs the message's subsequent movement
`through i;
`MTS, and includes characteristics of the message’s conte ll
`The composition of an envelope changes as the message
`submitted, relayed and delivered.
`P2 Formal The 1984 defined message format, or proto
`used between cooperating User Agents
`in
`the “'1,
`(Interpersonal Messaging System). The P2 heading Illi‘
`ponent of an lP—message that
`indicates such items as it
`originator, recipients(s) and subject of the message.
`I
`P2P Person To Person. Another web term that says one I
`son sells something to another person. It's commonly use lil
`the auction business. One person selling something Ii
`,
`used camera to another person.
`P3 Prolocol X.400 standard protocol used between a "fill
`(Remote User Agent) and an MTA (Message Transfer ’r_l'il
`and an MTA (Message Transfer Agent) or between a re Iii‘
`MS (Message Store) and an MTA. P3 may be used rill
`between a oo-resident UA (User Agent) and MTA- 59”’ "
`P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project. PSP is a i
`of that Web sites you visit could capture a great deal of I fill
`rnatlon about you — so long as you allow that capture. ti
`have control over how much information also. Writing .viii
`P3P, the New York Times’ John Markoff said, "the new it
`dard establishesacomplicated computerized negotlatlony
`dramatically extends both the lni‘orrnatlon—gatheri_ng riot ii
`and the orlvac.y—proteotlon liosslbllltles inherent in each
`to a Web site." The P3P standard, wrote Markoff, “totes
`ows new Internet technology that will make each visit toa»
`site a complicated exchange of information in which at
`sonal computer will have the opportunity to automatically it
`close a range of information covering every conceivable «Iii
`gory, from birth data to shoe size, depending on rules
`the computer user. At the same time, the Web sitew
`forced to disclose its policy for using the lnformatlonli
`gathering. hopefully giving the computer user the abil
`decline to share data about himself."
`»
`P5 Protocol The 1984 X.400 protocol used between a it
`(Message Transfer Agent) and a Teletex Unit. This plot til
`not popular.
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`ERIC-1032
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