9/14/2014
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`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`Dictionary (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing)
`Thesaurus (http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/ing)
`Translator (http://translate.reference.com/translate?query=ing)
`
`ing
`
`(http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/list/)
`1
`
`-ing
`
`Examples
`
`Word Origin
`
`1. a suffix of nouns formed from verbs, expressing the action of the verb or its result,
`product, material, etc. ( the art of building; a new building; cotton wadding). It is also
`used to form nouns from words other than verbs ( offing; shirting). Verbal nouns ending
`in -ing are often used attributively ( the printing trade) and in forming compounds (
`drinking song). In some compounds ( sewing machine), the first element might
`2
`reasonably be regarded as the participial adjective, -ing , the compound thus meaning
`“a machine that sews,” but it is commonly taken as a verbal noun, the compound being
`explained as “a machine for sewing.”.
`
`2
`Compare -ing (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-ing) .
`
`Origin
`
`Middle English
`
`Boost your vocabulary
`with our Word of the Day
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
`
`1/6
`
`Richmond, Exh. 2009, p.1
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`
`
`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`Dictionary (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing)
`Thesaurus (http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/ing)
`Translator (http://translate.reference.com/translate?query=ing)
`
`ing
`
`(http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/list/)
`1
`
`-ing
`
`Examples
`
`Word Origin
`
`1. a suffix of nouns formed from verbs, expressing the action of the verb or its result,
`product, material, etc. ( the art of building; a new building; cotton wadding). It is also
`used to form nouns from words other than verbs ( offing; shirting). Verbal nouns ending
`in -ing are often used attributively ( the printing trade) and in forming compounds (
`drinking song). In some compounds ( sewing machine), the first element might
`2
`reasonably be regarded as the participial adjective, -ing , the compound thus meaning
`“a machine that sews,” but it is commonly taken as a verbal noun, the compound being
`explained as “a machine for sewing.”.
`
`2
`Compare -ing (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-ing) .
`
`Origin
`
`Middle English
`
`Boost your vocabulary
`with our Word of the Day
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
`
`1/6
`
`Richmond, Exh. 2009, p.1
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`
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`9/14/2014
`
`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Middle%20English) Old English
`(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Old%20English)
`
`Middle English; Old English -ing, -ung
`
`-ing
`
`2
`
`1. a suffix forming the present participle of verbs (walking; thinking), such participles being
`often used as participial adjectives: warring factions.
`
`1
`Compare -ing (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-ing) .
`
`Origin
`
`Middle English -ing, -inge; the variant -in (usually represented in spelling as -inʾ) continues
`Middle English -inde, -ende, Old English -ende
`
`Pronunciation note
`
` [‐ing] (Show IPA)
`The common suffix -ing2 can be pronounced in modern English as either
`(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169200.mp3)
` [‐in] with either the velar nasal consonant
`or
` [ng] symbolized in IPA as [ŋ], or the
`
`(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169300.mp3)(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169400.mp3)
` [‐in] pronunciation therefore
`alveolar nasal consonant
` [n] symbolized in IPA as [n]. The
`
`(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169500.mp3)(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169600.mp3)
`reflects the use of one nasal as against another and not, as is popularly supposed, “dropping
`the g, ” since no actual g -sound is involved.
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
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`2/6
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`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`Many speakers use both pronunciations, depending on the speed of utterance and the
` [‐ing] considered the more formal variant. For
`relative formality of the occasion, with
`(http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I01/I0169700.mp3)
`3
`
`-ing
`
`1. a native English suffix meaning “one belonging to,” “of the kind of,” “one descended
`from,” and sometimes having a diminutive force, formerly used in the formation of nouns:
`farthing; shilling; bunting; gelding; whiting.
`
`1
`Compare -ling (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-ling) .
`
`Origin
`
`Middle English, Old English -ing, cognate with Old Norse -ingr, -ungr, Gothic -ings
`
`Dictionary.com Unabridged
`Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2014.
`Cite This Source (http://dictionary.reference.com/cite.html?qh=ing&ia=luna)
`
`Examples from the web for -ing
`
`Another popular savings method that ing direct offers is a certificate of deposit, or cd.
`
`ing offers twenty mutual funds, each of which has a particular investment strategy.
`
`British Dictionary definitions for -ing
`1
`
`-ing
`
`suffix
`
`1.
`
`(from verbs) the action of, process of, result of, or something connected with the verb:
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
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`3/6
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`9/14/2014
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`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`coming, meeting, a wedding, winnings
`
`2.
`
`(from other nouns) something used in, consisting of, involving, etc: tubing, soldiering
`
`3.
`
`(from other parts of speech): an outing
`
`Word Origin
`
`Old English -ing, -ung
`
`-ing
`
`2
`
`suffix
`
`1.
`
`forming the present participle of verbs: walking, believing
`
`2.
`
`forming participial adjectives: a growing boy, a sinking ship
`
`3.
`
`forming adjectives not derived from verbs: swashbuckling
`
`Word Origin
`
`Middle English -ing, -inde, from Old English -ende
`
`-ing
`
`3
`
`suffix
`
`1.
`
`a person or thing having a certain quality or being of a certain kind: sweeting, whiting
`
`Word Origin
`
`Old English -ing; related to Old Norse -ingr
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
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`4/6
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`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
`
`Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
`© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
`Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
`Cite This Source (http://dictionary.reference.com/cite.html?qh=ing&ia=ced2)
`
`Word Origin and History for -ing
`
`-ing
`
`suffix attached to verbs to mean their action, result, product, material, etc., from Old English
`-ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *unga (cf. Old Norse -ing, Dutch -ing, German -ung).
`Originally used to form nouns from verbs and to denote completed or habitual action. Its use
`has been greatly expanded in Middle and Modern English.
`
`suffix used form the present participle of verbs, from Old English -ende (cf. German -end,
`Gothic -and, Sanskrit -ant, Greek -on, Latin -ans). It evolved into -ing in 13c.-14c.
`
`Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
`Cite This Source (http://dictionary.reference.com/cite.html?qh=ing&ia=etymon2)
`
`Related Abbreviations for -ing
`
`ing
`inguinal
`The American Heritage® Abbreviations Dictionary, Third Edition
`Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
`Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
`Cite This Source (http://dictionary.reference.com/cite.html?qh=ing&ia=ahabb2)
`
`Feedback (mailto:feedback@dictionary.com?subject=Feedback%20for%20Dictionary.com%20Mobile%20Web%20Site)
`Privacy (http://dictionary.reference.com/privacy) Terms of Use (http://dictionary.reference.com/terms)
`Our Apps (http://app.dictionary.com/appswall)
`
`Copyright 2014 Dictionary.com LLC
`
`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
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`5/6
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`Richmond, Exh. 2009, p.5
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`Ing | Define Ing at Dictionary.com
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`http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ing?s=t
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`6/6
`
`Richmond, Exh. 2009, p.6
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`
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