TIA/EIA/IS-95-A TITLE PAGE
`(To be supplied by TIA)
`
`Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-
`Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.001
`
`

`

`TIA/EIA/IS-95-A COPYRIGHT PAGE
`(To be supplied by TIA)
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.002
`
`

`

`PREFACE
`
`These technical requirements form a compatibility standard for cellular mobile telecommunications systems.
`They ensure that a mobile station can obtain service in any cellular system manufactured according to this stan-
`dard. These requirements do not address the quality or reliability of that service, nor do they cover equipment
`performance or measurement procedures.
`
`To ensure compatibility (see Note 1), both radio-system parameters and call-processing procedures must be spec-
`ified. The equipment and interface parameters commonly encountered in two-way radio systems have been up-
`dated and expanded to reflect the unique radio plan upon which cellular systems are based. The sequence of call-
`processing steps that the dual-mode mobile stations and base stations execute to establish calls has been specified
`along with the digital control messages and analog signals that are exchanged between the two stations.
`
`The base station is subject to fewer compatibility requirements than the dual-mode mobile station. Radiated pow-
`er levels, both desired and undesired, are fully specified for dual-mode mobile stations to control the RF interfer-
`ence that one mobile station can cause another. Base stations are fixed in location and their interference is
`controlled by proper layout and operation of the system in which the station operates. Detailed call-processing
`procedures are specified for mobile stations to ensure a uniform response to all base stations. Base station call
`procedures are not specified in detail because they are a part of the overall design of the individual land system.
`However, the base station call-processing procedures must be compatible with those specified for the mobile sta-
`tion. This approach to writing the compatibility specification provides the land system designer with sufficient
`flexibility to respond to local service needs and to account for local topography and propagation conditions.
`
`The basic radio-system parameters and call-processing procedures for the analog mode of operation embodied in
`the compatibility specification were originally derived from the Chicago and Baltimore-Washington developmen-
`tal cellular systems and include certain additions and modifications gained by experience with the operation of
`commercial systems.
`
`The basic radio-system parameters and call-processing procedures for the wideband spread spectrum (CDMA)
`mode of operation embodied in the compatibility specification were originally derived from the San Diego devel-
`opmental cellular system. Most functions have been verified by field trial.
`
`This specification includes provisions for future service additions and expansion of system capabilities. The ar-
`chitecture defined by this specification permits such expansion without the loss of backwards compatibility to old-
`er mobile stations.
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`Ericsson Ex. 1021.003
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`

`

`SECTION SUMMARY
`
`1. General. This section defines the terms and numeric indications used in this document. This section also de-
`scribes the time reference used in the CDMA system and the tolerances used throughout the document.
`
`2. Requirements for Mobile Station Analog Operation. This section describes the requirements for CDMA-
`analog dual-mode mobile stations operating in the analog mode. A mobile station complying with these require-
`ments will be able to operate with analog base stations complying with this document and should be able to oper-
`ate with analog base stations complying with EIA/TIA-553, EIA/TIA/IS-54, and TIA/EIA/IS-91.
`
`3. Requirements for Base Station Analog Operation. This section describes the requirements for analog base
`stations. A base station complying with these requirements will be able to operate in the analog mode with mobile
`stations complying with this document and should be able to operate in the analog mode with mobile stations com-
`plying with EIA/TIA-553, EIA/TIA/IS-54, and TIA/EIA/IS-91.
`
`4. Requirements for Mobile Station Analog Options. This section describes the requirements for CDMA-an-
`alog dual-mode mobile stations which use the 32-digit dialing option on the reverse analog control channel. In
`addition, this section describes mobile station requirements for use of the optional extended protocol.
`
`5. Requirements for Base Station Analog Options. This section describes the base station requirements for
`using the 32-digit dialing option on the reverse analog control channel. In addition, this section describes base
`station requirements for use of the optional extended protocol.
`
`6. Requirements for Mobile Station CDMA Operation. This section describes the requirements for CDMA-
`analog dual-mode mobile stations operating in the CDMA mode. A mobile station complying with these require-
`ments will be able to operate with CDMA base stations complying with this document.
`
`7. Requirements for Base Station CDMA Operation. This section describes the requirements for CDMA base
`stations. A base station complying with these requirements will be able to operate in the CDMA mode with mo-
`bile stations complying with this document.
`
`Appendix A. Message Encryption and Voice Privacy. This appendix describes the requirements for message
`encryption and voice privacy. This appendix is available as a separate document whose distribution is controlled
`by TIA. The availability of this appendix is governed under the U.S. International Traffic and Arms Regulation
`(ITAR) and the Export Administration Regulations.
`
`Appendix B. CDMA Call Flow Examples. This appendix provides examples of simple call flow in the CDMA
`system.
`
`Appendix C. CDMA System Layering. This appendix describes the layers of the CDMA system: the physical
`layer (layer 1), the link layer (layer 2), the multiplex sublayer, and the control process layer (layer 3).
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.004
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`

`

`SECTION SUMMARY
`
`Appendix D. CDMA Constants. This appendix contains tables that give specific values for the constant iden-
`tifiers found in Section 6 and Section 7. These identifiers take the forms T20m and N5m. The subscripted numbers
`vary to identify the particular constant.
`
`Appendix E. CDMA Retrievable and Settable Parameters. This appendix describes the mobile station pa-
`rameters that the base station can set and retrieve.
`
`Appendix F. Mobile Station Database. This appendix describes a database model that can be used for dual-
`mode mobile stations complying with this document.
`
`Appendix G. Bibliography. This is an informative appendix (not considered part of this standard) listing doc-
`uments which may be useful in implementing the standard.
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.005
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`

`

`NOTES
`
`1. Compatibility, as used in connection with this standard, is understood to mean: Any dual-mode mobile
`station that is able to place and receive calls in any cellular system. Conversely all systems are able to
`place and receive calls for any mobile station. In a subscriber’s home system, all call placement must
`be automatic. Call placement preferably should be automatic when a mobile station is in roam status.
`
`2. The term “dual-mode mobile station” indicates a mobile station capable of both analog (FM) and wide-
`band spread spectrum (CDMA) operation. The term “wideband spread spectrum dual-mode mobile sta-
`tion” is used when a confusion might arise between a dual-mode mobile station complying with this
`document and other standards such as TIA/EIA/IS-91 or EIA/TIA/IS-54.
`
`3. This compatibility specification is based on the specific United States spectrum allocation for cellular
`systems.
`
`4. Technical details are included for the operation of two systems in a geographic area, System A and Sys-
`tem B, each with a separate set of control channels.
`
`5. IS-98 “Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum
`Cellular Mobile Stations,” and IS-97 “Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Base Sta-
`tions Supporting Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Mobile Stations,” provide specifica-
`tions and measurement methods for cellular equipment.
`
`6. Each cellular system is identified by a unique 15-bit digital code, the SID code (see 2.3.8). The Federal
`Communications Commission assigns SID codes when cellular system construction permits are issued.
`
`7. Each dual-mode mobile station is assigned a unique 32-bit binary serial number (ESN) which cannot be
`changed by the subscriber without rendering the mobile station inoperative (see 2.3.2).
`
`8. Reserved.
`
`9. Reserved.
`
`10. RF Emissions. Minimum advisory standards of ANSI and the processing guidelines of FCC are con-
`tained in ANSI C95.1-1982 Advisory Standards and FCC Rules and Regulations respectively. Mem-
`bers should also take notice of the more stringent exposure criteria for the general public and for radio
`frequency carriers with low frequency amplitude modulation as given in NCRP Report No. 86.
`
`11. For the optional analog extended protocol feature (see 4.2 and 5.2), the assignment of message type
`codes (MST words) will be made using procedures described in TSB39. This will ensure that the feature
`will be implemented in an orderly manner.
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.006
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`

`

`12. Reserved.
`
`NOTES
`
`13. The allocation of SID numbers is under review by EIA/TIA TR45 for potential revision to accommodate
`international requirements. Utilization of SID numbers must be coordinated.
`
`14. Although the analog mode of operation (Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5) draws upon EIA/TIA/IS-54-B, some
`modifications have been made.
`
`15. “Base station” refers to the functions performed on the land side, which are typically distributed among
`a cell, a sector of a cell, and a mobile switching center.
`
`16. Section 6, Section 7, and the appendices use the following verbal forms: “Shall” and “shall not” identify
`requirements to be followed strictly to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permit-
`ted. “Should” and “should not” indicate that one of several possibilities is recommended as particularly
`suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; that a certain course of action is preferred but not nec-
`essarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is discouraged
`but not prohibited. “May” and “need not” indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of
`the standard. “Can” and “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether materi-
`al, physical, or causal.
`17. Footnotes appear at various points in this specification to elaborate and further clarify items discussed in
`the body of the specification.
`
`18. Unless indicated otherwise, this document presents numbers in decimal form. Binary numbers are dis-
`tinguished in the text by the use of single quotation marks.
`
`19. The following operators define mathematical operations:
`· indicates multiplication.
` = 1, º1.0ß
`ºxß
` indicates the largest integer less than or equal to x: º1.1ß
` = 1.
`Øxø indicates the smallest integer greater or equal to x:
`Ø1.1ø = 2,
`Ø2.0ø = 2.
`
`|x| indicates the absolute value of x: |-17|=17, |17|=17.
`¯ indicates exclusive OR (modulo-2 addition).
`
`min (x, y) indicates the minimum of x and y.
`
`max (x, y) indicates the maximum of x and y.
`x mod y indicates the remainder after dividing x by y: x mod y = x - (y · ºx/yß
`
`).
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.007
`
`

`

`NOTES
`
`20. A potential compatibility problem between ANSI/EIA/TIA-553 and IS-95 exists as a result of differenc-
`es in access channel boundary determination procedures supported in these two standards. Recom-
`mended solutions to this potential compatibility problem are as follows:
`
`Preferred Solution
`Section 2.3.7 (First Paging Channel) specifies the first paging channels (FIRSTCHPp) which must be
`stored in an IS-95 mobile station and used to identify the first paging channel in paging channel scans
`when the mobile station is operating in its home system. Defaulting this value to the preferred system’s
`(i.e., A or B band) first dedicated control channel (834.990 MHz/879.990 MHz and 835.020 MHz/
`880.020 MHz respectively) will prevent paging/access channels from being calculated differently when
`the IS-95 mobile station operates on an EIA-553 based home system. This solution is used today and
`should continue to be used to ensure full interoperability of EIA-553 and IS-95 mobile stations on both
`EIA-553 and IS-95 type systems. This solution does, however, require that both home and roaming IS-
`95 mobile stations use the same paging channel set (i.e., no split home-roam paging channels).
`
`Non-Preferred Solution
`If a second portion of the existing spectrum is allocated for control channel use (over and above the ded-
`icated control channels) then split home-roam paging can still be achieved for both IS-54B and EIA-553
`mobile stations. This second portion of spectrum could be managed as follows:
`
`• Used exclusively by home IS-95 mobile stations, having appropriate NAM programming, for both
`paging and access functions or,
`
`• Used by home IS-95 mobile stations, having appropriate NAM programming, for both paging and
`access functions and by home EIA-553 mobile stations, having appropriate NAM programming, for
`paging functions only. Home EIA-553 mobile stations would continue to use the existing dedicated
`control channels for access functions.
`
`21. Forward control channel mobile station control messages of greater than five words in length have been
`shown to yield compatibility problems in some mobile stations. Implementors of systems are advised
`that the functions performed by these optional messages may be achieved on assigned voice channels
`without causing compatibility issues. Mobile station manufacturers are advised that the length of for-
`ward control channel messages defined in future standards may be different from that defined in this
`standard.
`
`22. Those wishing to deploy systems compliant with this standard should also take notice of the requirement
`to be compliant with FCC part 22, and the referenced version of FCC Office of Engineering and Tech-
`nology Bulletin 53.
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.008
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`

`

`REFERENCES
`
`The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
`Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
`parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
`recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national stan-
`dards published by them.
`
`—American National Standards:
`
`1. ANSI T1.607-1990, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)–Layer 3 Signaling Specification for
`Circuit Switched Bearer Service for Digital Subscriber Signaling System Number 1 (DSS1), July 1990.
`
`2. ANSI X3.4-1986, Coded Character Set - 7-bit American National Standard Code for Information Inter-
`change, 1992.
`
`—Other Standards:
`
`3. Common Cryptographic Algorithms. An ITAR controlled document subject to restricted distribution.
`Contact the Telecommunications Industry Association, Washington, D.C., December 14, 1994.
`
`4. CCITT Recommendation E.163, Numbering Plan for the International Telephone Service, 1988. Note:
`merged with E.164.
`
`5. CCITT Recommendation E.164 (I.331), Numbering Plan for the ISDN Era, 1991.
`
`6. CCITT Recommendation E.212, Identification Plan for Land Mobile Stations, 1988.
`
`7. CCITT Recommendation F.69, The International Telex Service–Service and Operational Provisions of
`Telex Destination Codes and Telex Network Identifications Codes, 1994.
`
`8. CCITT Recommendation G.162, Characteristics of Compandors for Telephony.
`
`9. CCITT Recommendation X.121, International Numbering Plan for Public Data Networks, 1992.
`
`10. IEEE Standard 661-1979, Method for Determining Objective Loudness Ratings of Telephone Connec-
`tions, 1979.
`
`11. Interface Specification for Common Cryptographic Algorithms, Rev A. Contact the Telecommunications
`Industry Association, Washington, D.C., December 14, 1994.
`
`12. TIA/EIA/IS-97, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Base Stations Supporting Dual-
`Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Mobile Stations, December 1994.
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.009
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`

`

`REFERENCES
`
`13. TIA/EIA/IS-98, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread
`Spectrum Cellular Mobile Stations, December 1994.
`
`14. TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Appendix A, Message Encryption and Voice Privacy. An ITAR controlled document
`subject to restricted distribution. Contact the Telecommunications Industry Association, Washington,
`D.C., November 16, 1994.
`
`15. TSB16, Assignment of Access Overload Classes in the Cellular Telecommunications Services, March
`1985.
`
`16. TSB29-A, International Implementation of Cellular Radiotelephone Systems Compliant with ANSI/EIA/
`TIA-553, September 1992.
`
`17. TSB39-A, Message Type Assignments for the Extended Protocol Facility of ANSI/EIA/TIA-553, EIA/
`TIA/IS-54, TIA/EIA/IS-88 and TIA/EIA/IS-95, October 1994.
`
`18. TSB50, User Interface for Authentication Key Entry, March 1993.
`
`19. TSB58, Administration of Parameter Value Assignments for TIA/EIA Wideband Spread Spectrum Stan-
`dards,
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.010
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`

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`1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
`
`1.1 Terms and Numeric Information.............................................................................................................. 1-1
`
`1.1.1 Terms ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
`
`1.1.2 Numeric Information ....................................................................................................................... 1-16
`
`1.1.2.1 Analog Numeric Information.................................................................................................... 1-16
`
`1.1.2.2 CDMA Numeric Information.................................................................................................... 1-18
`
`1.2 CDMA System Time.............................................................................................................................. 1-24
`
`1.3 Tolerances .............................................................................................................................................. 1-26
`
`1.3.1 Analog System Tolerances .............................................................................................................. 1-26
`
`1.3.2 CDMA Tolerances.......................................................................................................................... 1-26
`
`1.4 Message Forward Compatibility Rules .................................................................................................. 1-26
`
`2 REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE STATION ANALOG OPERATION..................................................... 2-1
`
`2.1 Transmitter ............................................................................................................................................... 2-1
`
`2.1.1 Frequency Parameters........................................................................................................................ 2-1
`
`2.1.1.1 Channel Spacing and Designation .............................................................................................. 2-1
`
`2.1.1.2 Frequency Tolerance................................................................................................................... 2-2
`
`2.1.2 Power Output Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 2-3
`
`2.1.2.1 Carrier On/Off Conditions .......................................................................................................... 2-3
`
`2.1.2.2 Power Output and Power Control ............................................................................................... 2-3
`
`2.1.3 Modulation Characteristics................................................................................................................ 2-4
`
`2.1.3.1 Voice Signals .............................................................................................................................. 2-4
`
`2.1.3.1.1 Compressor........................................................................................................................... 2-4
`
`2.1.3.1.2 Pre-Emphasis........................................................................................................................ 2-4
`
`2.1.3.1.3 Deviation Limiter ................................................................................................................. 2-4
`
`2.1.3.1.4 Post Deviation-Limiter Filter ............................................................................................... 2-5
`
`2.1.3.1.5 Transmit Level Adjustment.................................................................................................. 2-5
`
`2.1.3.2 Wideband Data Signals............................................................................................................... 2-5
`
`2.1.3.2.1 Encoding............................................................................................................................... 2-5
`
`2.1.3.2.2 Modulation and Polarity ....................................................................................................... 2-5
`
`2.1.4 Limitations on Emissions .................................................................................................................. 2-6
`
`2.1.4.1 Bandwidth Occupied................................................................................................................... 2-6
`
`2.1.4.2 Conducted Spurious Emissions................................................................................................... 2-6
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.011
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`

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`2.1.4.3 Radiated Spurious Emissions...................................................................................................... 2-6
`
`2.2 Receiver.................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
`
`2.2.1 Frequency Parameters........................................................................................................................ 2-6
`
`2.2.1.1 Channel Spacing and Designation .............................................................................................. 2-6
`
`2.2.2 Demodulation Characteristics............................................................................................................ 2-6
`
`2.2.2.1 Voice Signals .............................................................................................................................. 2-6
`
`2.2.2.1.1 De-Emphasis......................................................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.2.1.2 Expandor............................................................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.2.1.3 Audio Level Adjustment ...................................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.3 Limitations on Emissions .................................................................................................................. 2-7
`
`2.2.3.1 Conducted Spurious Emissions................................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.3.1.1 Suppression Inside Cellular Band ........................................................................................ 2-7
`
`2.2.3.1.2 Suppression Outside Cellular Band...................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.3.2 Radiated Spurious Emissions...................................................................................................... 2-7
`
`2.2.4 Other Receiver Parameters ................................................................................................................ 2-8
`
`2.3 Security and Identification ....................................................................................................................... 2-8
`
`2.3.1 Mobile Identification Number ........................................................................................................... 2-8
`
`2.3.2 Electronic Serial Number (ESN) ....................................................................................................... 2-8
`
`2.3.3 Station Class Mark............................................................................................................................. 2-8
`
`2.3.4 Registration Memory ......................................................................................................................... 2-9
`
`2.3.4.1 Autonomous Registration Memory............................................................................................. 2-9
`
`2.3.4.2 Location Area Memory............................................................................................................... 2-9
`
`2.3.5 Access Overload Class .................................................................................................................... 2-10
`
`2.3.6 Extended Address Method............................................................................................................... 2-10
`
`2.3.7 First Paging Channel........................................................................................................................ 2-10
`
`2.3.8 Home System Identification ............................................................................................................ 2-10
`
`2.3.9 Local Control Option....................................................................................................................... 2-11
`
`2.3.10 Preferred Operation Selection........................................................................................................ 2-11
`
`2.3.10.1 Preferred System ..................................................................................................................... 2-11
`
`2.3.10.2 Preferred CDMA or Analog.................................................................................................... 2-11
`
`2.3.11 Discontinuous Transmission.......................................................................................................... 2-11
`
`2.3.12 Authentication, Encryption of Signaling Information/User Data.................................................. 2-12
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.012
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`

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`2.3.12.1 Authentication......................................................................................................................... 2-12
`
`2.3.12.1.1 Shared Secret Data (SSD) ................................................................................................ 2-13
`
`2.3.12.1.2 Random Challenge Memory (RAND).............................................................................. 2-13
`
`2.3.12.1.3 Call History Parameter (COUNTs-p)............................................................................... 2-14
`
`2.3.12.1.4 Authentication of Mobile Station Registrations ............................................................... 2-14
`
`2.3.12.1.5 Unique Challenge-Response Procedure ........................................................................... 2-15
`
`2.3.12.1.6 Authentication of Mobile Station Originations ................................................................ 2-17
`
`2.3.12.1.7 Authentication of Mobile Station Terminations............................................................... 2-18
`
`2.3.12.1.8 Updating the Shared Secret Data (SSD)........................................................................... 2-19
`
`2.3.12.1.9 Authentication Procedures................................................................................................ 2-26
`
`2.3.12.2 Signaling Message Encryption................................................................................................ 2-26
`
`2.3.12.2.1 Signaling Message Encryption Control............................................................................ 2-26
`
`2.4 Supervision............................................................................................................................................. 2-27
`
`2.4.1 Supervisory Audio Tone.................................................................................................................. 2-27
`
`2.4.1.1 SAT Detection........................................................................................................................... 2-27
`
`2.4.1.2 SAT Transmission..................................................................................................................... 2-28
`
`2.4.1.3 Fade Timing Status ................................................................................................................... 2-28
`
`2.4.2 Signaling Tone................................................................................................................................. 2-28
`
`2.5 Malfunction Detection............................................................................................................................ 2-28
`
`2.5.1 Malfunction Timer........................................................................................................................... 2-28
`
`2.5.2 False Transmission .......................................................................................................................... 2-28
`
`2.6 Call Processing....................................................................................................................................... 2-29
`
`2.6.1 Initialization..................................................................................................................................... 2-29
`
`2.6.1.1 Retrieve System Parameters...................................................................................................... 2-29
`
`2.6.1.1.1 Scan Dedicated Control Channels ...................................................................................... 2-29
`
`2.6.1.1.2 Update Overhead Information............................................................................................ 2-30
`
`2.6.1.2 Paging Channel Selection ......................................................................................................... 2-31
`
`2.6.1.2.1 Scan Paging Channels ........................................................................................................ 2-31
`
`2.6.1.2.2 Verify Overhead Information ............................................................................................. 2-31
`
`2.6.2 Idle ................................................................................................................................................... 2-33
`
`2.6.2.1 Response to Overhead Information........................................................................................... 2-33
`
`2.6.2.2 Page Match................................................................................................................................ 2-37
`
`Ericsson Ex. 1021.013
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`

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`2.6.2.3 Order ......................................................................................................................................... 2-37
`
`2.6.2.4 Call Initiation ............................................................................................................................ 2-37
`
`2.6.2.5 Reserved.................................................................................................................................... 2-38
`
`2.6.2.6 Power Down.............................................................................................................................. 2-38
`
`2.6.3 System Access ................................................................................................................................. 2-38
`
`2.6.3.1 Set Access Parameters .............................................................................................................. 2-38
`
`2.6.3.2 Scan Access Channels............................................................................................................... 2-38
`
`2.6.3.3 Retrieve Access Attempt Parameters........................................................................................ 2-38
`
`2.6.3.4 Updat