(12) United States Patent
`US 7,827,587 B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Nov. 2, 2010
`Harvey et al.
`
`US007827587B1
`
`(54) SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS AND
`METHODS
`
`(56)
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: John Christopher Harvey, New York,
`NY (US); James William Cuddihy,
`New York, NY (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Personalized Media Communications,
`LLC, New York, NY (US)
`
`AU
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`33,189 A
`
`9/1861 Dougal
`
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`481565
`4/1976
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 08/459,521
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 2, 1995
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/113,329, filed on
`Aug. 30, 1993, which is a continuation of application
`No. 08/056,501, filed on May 3, 1993, now Pat. No.
`5,335,227, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/849,226, filed on Mar. 10, 1992, now Pat. No.
`5,233,654, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/588,126, filed on Sep. 25, 1990, now Pat. No.
`5,109,414, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/096,096, filed on Sep. 11, 1987, now Pat. No.
`4,965,825, which is a continuation-in—part of applica-
`tion No. 06/829,531, filed on Feb. 14, 1986, now Pat.
`No. 4,704,725, which is a continuation of application
`No. 06/317,510, filed on Nov. 3, 1981, now Pat. No.
`4,694,490.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04N 7/00
`(2006.01)
`H04N 7/08
`(2006.01)
`H04N 7/16
`(2006.01)
`H04N 11/00
`(52) US. Cl.
`....................... 725/140; 725/137; 348/461;
`348/468
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search ..................... 348/2,
`348/3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 461, 468,
`348/563, 564; 455/3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2,
`455/5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3; 725/1357140
`See application file for complete search history.
`Mum-CHANNEL CABLE SYSTEM
`
`“Automatic Commercial Insertion Equipemnt For Unattended Inser-
`tion of Local Advertising, kILLION, ”Cablematic Inc., NCTA1984,
`p. 15-22, Dec. 1984*
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary ExamineriYubin Hung
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4oodwin Procter, LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A unified system of programming communication. The sys-
`tem encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast
`hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user spe-
`cific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel process-
`ing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) con-
`trolling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and
`output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast
`control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information
`selectively into prior art communications to exhibit person-
`alized mass media programming at video monitors (202),
`speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmis-
`sion stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in net-
`work broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause
`control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively
`automate connection and operation of receivers
`(53),
`recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strip-
`pers (81), etc. At receiver stations, signals in received trans-
`missions and from local inputs (225, 218, 22) cause control
`processors (200) and computers (205) to automate connec-
`tion and operation of converters (201), tuners (215), decryp-
`tors (224), recorder/players (217), computers (205), furnaces
`(206), etc. Processors (71, 200) meter and monitor availabil-
`ity and usage of programming.
`
`21 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`'Fr'E—I'fi-L—‘E‘E-Ii'ff:
`
`———-- mmrommauW SMI'CM CONTROL INS/RUCTIONS
`
`Amazon Ex. 1002
`
`IPR Petition - USP 7,827,587
`
`Page 1
`
`

`

`US 7,827,587 131
`
`Page 2
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1,927,702 A
`1992271 A
`2,046,381 A
`2,117,638 A
`2,192,217 A
`2,217,881 A
`2,236,077 A
`2,264,563 A
`2,418,127 A
`2510046 A
`2,511,085 A
`2,563,448 A
`2,570,209 A
`2,573,349 A
`2,619,530 A
`2,731,197 A
`2,769,023 A
`2,788,387 A
`2,855,993 A
`2,864,865 A
`2,864,885 A
`2,866,962 A
`2,875,270 A
`2,892,882 A
`2,969,427 A
`2,972,008 A
`2,995,624 A
`3,008,000 A
`3,011,153 A
`3,016,091 A
`3,029,308 A
`3,071,642 A
`3,071,649 A
`3,082,402 A
`3,107,274 A
`3,133,986 A
`3,213,201 A
`3,238,297 A
`3,244,806 A
`3,251,051 A
`3,304,416 A
`3,336,437 A
`RE261331 E
`3,363,250 A
`3366731 A
`3,368,031 A
`3,371,071 A
`3,387,082 A
`3387083 A
`3,387,268 A
`3390234 A
`3,430,004 A
`3,440,427 A
`3,470,309 A
`3,472,962 A
`31475547 A
`3,478,164 A
`3,478,166 A
`3,478,342 A
`3,485,946 A *
`3,493,674 A
`3,500,327 A
`3,526,843 A
`3,531,583 A
`3,531,586 A
`3,536,833 A
`3,546,684 A
`3,560,936 A
`3,564,509 A
`3,569,937 A
`3,573,747 A
`
`
`
`9/l933 Foss ............................ 705/36
`2/1935 Williams
`7/l936 Hicks etal.
`5/1938 Waiter
`3/1940 Beiiamyetai
`10/1940 Alien
`3/1941 Smith
`12/1941 Burnstead
`4/1947 Labin .......................... 178/44
`5/1950 Ellett et a1~
`~
`~- 178/56
`6/1950 Smith ......
`179/1
`8/l951 Aram .........................
`l78/5.l
`10/ 1951 Cotsworth, 111
`10/1951 Milleretal.
`................ 177/353
`
`.
`11/1952 Roschke .....
`l78/5.l
`1/1956 Parkeretai
`235/60
`
`~
`~ 178/ 51
`10/1956 LoeW etal.
`
`~ 178/51
`4/1957 Druz ~~~~~~~
`..... 358/84
`10/1958 Rahmel
`
`l2/l958 Morris
`568/430
`12/1958 Morris
`178/5.1
`l2/l958 Ellet
`..........
`.. 340/147
`
`.....
`2/l959 Wendt et a1.
`l78/5.l
`
`
`6/1959 Hughes ......
`178/5.1
`
`l/l96l See ...............
`348/705
`.............
`2/l96l Ridenouret al.
`l78/5.l
`8/1961 Waiters
`ll/l96l Morchand ................... 725/138
`11/1961 Haselton etal.
`l/l962 Daniele ..................... 162/391
`4/1962 Adler et all
`l78/5.l
`............
`l/l963 Mountjoyet al.
`1/1963 Goodall ...................... 179/1.5
`3/1963 Scantlin
`l78/5.l
`10/1963 Roschke .....................
`
`~- 178/51
`5/1964 Morris et al~
`
`.
`10/1965 Floodetal.
`l79/15
`3/1966 Pawiey etai
`178/22
`
`4/1966 Morris ~~~~~~~
`~725/151
`
`340/345
`5/1966 Harries
`2/l967 Wolf ..........
`.. 235/92
`
`8/1967 Brouardet a1.
`..............
`l78/5.4
`1/1968 Brothrnan etai
`l/l968 Jacobson .................... 343/225
`1/1968 Wailerstein
`2/1968 Eisele
`2/1968 Webb ................... 428/355 EN
`6/1968 Farberetai
`6/1968 Farber et a1.
`6/1968 Epstein .................. 340/825.26
`6/1968 Glidden
`2/1969 Shenk
`4/1969 Kammer ..................... 250/210
`9/1969 Nyberg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 178/51
`10/1969 Sanford
`10/1969 Sarlund
`11/1969 Southworth ................. 178/6.6
`ll/l969 Reiter etal.
`.................
`l78/5.l
`11/1969 Alidritt etai
`............... 455/3.l
`l2/l969 Jackson et a1.
`2/l970 Houghton ...................
`l78/5.6
`3/l970 Belcher etal.
`.............. 340/154
`
`9/1970 Sanvillc ~~~~~~
`329/104
`9/1970 Walker ....................... 380/230
`9/l970 Bass et a1.
`..................... 178/6
`~~ 178/22
`10/1970 Guaneiia
`
`12/1970 Maxwell et a1.
`~ 340/1725
`2/1971 Busch ...........
`. 340/172.5
`
`........... 340/172.5
`2/1971 Perkins etal.
`3/1971 Hoetter ....................... 340/171
`4/1971 Adams et a1.
`............ 340/172.5
`
`3,576,391 A
`3,584,142 A
`3,586,767 A
`3,586,771 A
`3,588,357 A
`3,601,528 A
`3,602,891 A
`3,606,688 A *
`3,609,697 A
`3,612,752 A
`3,624,516 A
`3,627,914 A
`3,639,686 A
`3,648,270 A
`3,649,749 A
`3,651,261 A
`3,651,471 A
`3,657,699 A
`3,659,046 A
`3,666,888 A
`3,668,307 A
`3,676,580 A
`3,683,111 A
`3,684,823 A
`3,693,090 A
`3,696,297 A >x<
`3,703,684 A
`3,712,956 A
`3,716,835 A
`3,723,637 A
`3,725,672 A
`3,726,992 A
`3,728,480 A
`3,729,581 A
`3,731,197 A
`3,733,430 A *
`3,733,431 A
`3,736,369 A
`3,737,858 A
`3,743,767 A
`3,744,043 A
`3,746,780 A
`3,746,799 A
`3,749,845 A
`3,752,908 A
`3,754,211 A
`3,755,624 A
`3,757,225 A
`3,761,888 A
`3,764,983 A
`3,769,579 A
`RE27,810 E
`3,773,079 A
`3,773,977 A
`3,777,053 A
`3,778,058 A
`3,778,715 A
`3,778,721 A *
`3,789,131 A
`3,789,137 A
`3,790,700 A
`3,794,922 A
`3,795,763 A
`3,798,359 A
`3,798,610 A
`3,803,491 A
`3,806,814 A
`3,813,482 A
`3,819,852 A
`3,324,332 A
`3,824,467 A
`3,825,893 A
`3,826,863 A
`
`4/ 971 Houghton ................... 178/56
`6/ 971 Schoefller .
`178/68
`
`
`6/ 971 Morchand
`348/473
`6/ 971 Hamburger et a1.
`............ 725/1
`6/ 971 Sellari
`8/ 971 McVoy ....................... 178/51
`340/1725
`8/ 971 Clarketal.
`
`9/ 971 Zawelsetal.
`.
`455/31
`
`340/172,5
`9/ 971 Blevins et a1.
`................. 178/51
`10/ 971 Banning, Jr.
`11/ 971 Rando etal.
`12/ 971 Davies ....................... 348/722
`178/5.8R
`2/ 972 Walkeretal
`
`.
`3/ 972 Metz et 31.
`345/24
`3/ 972 Gibson .....
`178/56
`
`3/ 972 Guanella .....
`l78/22
`
`3/ 972 Haselwoodet 31.
`340/1725
`340/1461
`4/ 972 Rocheretal.
`
`....... 178/22
`4/ 972 Angeleri et a1.
`
`5/ 972 Sekimoto .....
`. 178/69.5 TV
`.
`l78/5,6
`6/ 972 Face et 31.
`
`. 725/16
`7/ 972 Beck ........
`
`8/ 972 Southworth
`1786
`
`l78/5,l
`8/ 972 McVoy .....
`
`.. 325/ 308
`9/ 972 Gabriel ..
`10/ 972 Otero
`455/3’1
`
`11/ 972 McVoy .....
`325/31
`1/ 973 Lemelson .
`l78/6.6A
`
`. 340/825.27
`2/ 973 Weinberg .
`
`.
`..
`l78/5.2R
`3/ 973 Fujio et 31.
`
`.. 307/208
`4/ 973 Reuter ......
`4/ 973 Eguchiet 31.
`.
`l78/5,6
`
`4/ 973 Baer
`........
`178/68
`4/ 973 Anderson .
`178/68
`5/ 973 Clark ..
`. 325/32
`
`5/ 973 Thompson eta.
`.. 455/2
`
`5/ 973 Kirk, JLet 31.
`..
`l78/5,l
`
`............ 178/51
`5/ 973 Vogelman et a1.
`6/ 973 Turneret 31.
`................. 178/56
`7/ 973 Bitzer et a1.
`........... 340/8707
`7/ 973 Walden et a1.
`7/ 973 Stetten et a1.
`................. 386/95
`7/ 973 Gentges
`.
`l78/22
`
`......................... 179/15
`7/ 973 Fraser
`8/ 973 Boenke et a1,
`............... 178/56
`
`.
`.. 714/749
`8/ 973 Rocher et 31.
`8/ 973 Sekimoto ............. 178/69.5 TV
`9/ 973 Ukicki
`....................... 325/308
`9/ 973 Flynn
`710/18
`
`10/ 973 Stok ........................... 340/150
`10/ 973 Harney ........................ 325/31
`
`11/ 973 Buehrle
`325/321
`11/ 973 Kirk, Jr. et a1.
`......... 179/15 FD
`11/ 973 Guanella .................... 179/1,5
`12/ 973 Wittig etal.
`l78/5,l
`
`12/ 973 Rausch .......................... 463/3
`12/ 973 Schmidt et al.
`
`12/ 973 Moran .................. 455/1811
`1/ 974 Harney ....................... 178/5,1
`1/ 974 Newell
`....................... 178/6,6
`
`.
`2/ 974 Callais et a1.
`178/51
`2/ 974 Osborn et 31. ................. 325/53
`3/ 974 Golding et al.
`..............
`l78/5,6
`
`3/ 974 Feistel
`.........
`l78/22
`............... 340/1725
`3/ 974 Bliss et a1.
`4/ 974 Osborn ........................ 325/53
`
`4/ 974 Forbes
`325/309
`5/ 974 Blonder ...................... 178/51
`6/ 974 Wolf .......................... 178/56
`7/ 974 Horowitz
`178/51
`
`7/ 974 French ........................ 325/32
`7/ 974 Bossen etal.
`............ 340/1461
`7/ 974 Johnson ...................... 178/51
`
`
`
`Page 2
`
`

`

`US 7,827,587 B1
`
`Page 3
`
`............. 178/5.1
`
`9/1974 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`.............. 178/5.6
`3,833,757 A
`..
`9/1974 Rookes et al.
`325/55
`3,835,387 A
`
`.
`9/1974 Boenke et al.
`. 340/172.5
`3,836,888 A
`10/1974 Louglin ....................... 358/12
`3,842,196 A
`10/1974 Barselloti et al.
`3,842,206 A
`10/1974 Crosby ........................ 325/64
`3,845,391 A
`.348/460
`3,848,082 A * 11/1974 Summers
`
`..
`3,848,193 A
`11/1974 Martin et al.
`325/53
`11/1974 Van Baggem ................ 325/31
`3,849,729 A
`3,858,240 A
`12/1974 Golding et al.
`............. 348/24
`3,859,458 A
`1/1975 Takezawa et al.
`325/31
`3,859,596 A
`1/1975 Jennery et.al.
`
`178/6.8
`3,875,329 A
`4/1975 Nagel
`............
`
`.. 200/11 D
`5/1975 Walding et a1.
`3,882,289 A
`5/1975 Harney ............ 325/53
`3,882,392 A
`
`
`.. 178/5.1
`3,885,089 A
`5/1975 Calais et al
`178/ 5.1
`3,886,302 A
`5/1975 Kosco .....
`
`5/1975 Oakley et al.
`3,886,454 A
`325/52
`
`.. 178/6.8
`3,889,054 A
`6/1975 Nageletal.
`
`6/1975 Vogelman et al.
`.
`3,890,461 A
`178/5.1
`
`6/1975 Kimura .........
`. 178/5.8R
`3,891,792 A
`...... 325/32
`3,893,031 A
`7/1975 Majeau et al.
`
`3,894,176 A
`7/1975 Mellon .......
`178/5.1
`3,894,177 A
`7/1975 Howell et al.
`..
`.. 178/56
`.. 178/5.1
`3,896,262 A
`7/1975 Hudspeth et al.
`
`
`7/1975 Waterbury .....
`.. 179/1 SB
`3,896,266 A
`3,898,378 A
`8/1975 Hinoshita et al.
`3,899,633 A
`8/1975 Sorenson et a1.
`3,899,639 A
`8/1975 Cleveley et al.
`3,906,450 A
`9/1975 Prado, Jr,
`.................... 340/150
`3,909,512 A
`9/1975 Omorietal.
`386/75
`
`3,911,216 A
`10/1975 Bartek et al.
`178/22
`
`.
`. 345/162
`3,911,419 A
`10/1975 Bates et al.
`. 178/5.1
`3,914,534 A
`10/1975 Forbes ........
`
`10/1975 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`.
`.. 178/5.1
`3,916,091 A
`..... 178/5.1
`3,919,462 A
`11/1975 Hartung et al.
`
`. 340/172.5
`3,921,151 A
`11/1975 Guanella .......
`................ 725/31
`3,922,482 A
`11/1975 Gabriel et al.
`3,922,492 A
`11/1975 Lumsden
`3,924,059 A
`12/1975 Horowitz .................... 178/5.1
`3,924,187 A
`12/1975 Dormans ..................... 325/52
`3,927,250 A
`12/1975 Rainger ...................... 178/5.6
`3,934,079 A
`1/1976 BarnhaIt ........
`178/5.1
`
`............ 178/5,1
`3,936,593 A
`2/1976 Aaronson et al,
`3,936,594 A
`2/1976 Schubin et al.
`.............. 178/5.1
`3,936,595 A *
`2/1976 Yanagimachiet al.
`348/24
`
`2/1976 Thorpe ........................ 358/22
`3,936,868 A
`3,943,447 A
`3/1976 Shomo, III .................. 325/308
`3,944,931 A
`3/1976 Usamietal.
`. 455/192.2
`
`3/1976 Miyake ......................... 178/6
`3,947,624 A
`3,947,882 A
`3/1976 Lightner ...................... 360/92
`3,947,972 A
`4/1976 Freeman .....
`35/8A
`
`.............. 329/106
`3,949,313 A
`4/1976 Tamada et al.
`3,950,607 A
`4/1976 Southworth et a1.
`............ 178/6
`.. 179/2 AS
`3,950,618 A
`4/1976 Bloisi
`...............
`
`....... 235/61.7B
`3,956,615 A
`5/1976 Anderson et al.
`3,958,081 A
`5/1976 Ehrsam et al.
`................ 178/22
`3,958,088 A
`5/1976 Vieri
`3,961,137 A *
`6/1976 Hutt et al.
`3,962,535 A
`6/1976 Haskell
`3,970,790 A
`7/1976 Guanella .................. 179/1.5 S
`3,971,888 A
`7/1976 Ching etal.
`3,973,206 A
`8/1976 Haselwood et a1.
`3,974,451 A
`8/1976 Maeder
`3,975,583 A *
`8/1976 Meadows ................... 348/460
`3,975,585 A
`8/1976 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`.............. 178/5.1
`.
`3,978,449 A
`8/1976 Sanders et al.
`. 340/146.1
`
`9/1976 Barnaby ..................... 348/467
`3,982,064 A
`3,982,065 A
`9/1976 Barnabyet al.
`.............. 178/5.8
`..
`3,984,637 A
`10/1976 Caudillet a1.
`179/2
`
`.............. 325/308
`3,987,397 A
`10/1976 Belcher et al.
`3,987,398 A
`10/1976 Fung .......................... 325/309
`3,988,528 A
`10/1976 Yanagimachiet al.
`........ 178/5.6
`
`...................... 348/2
`
`......... 325/455
`
`3,988,550 A
`3,990,012 A
`3,990,050 A
`3,993,955 A
`3,996,583 A
`3,996,586 A
`3,997,718 A
`4,004,085 A
`4,006,297 A
`4,008,369 A
`4,011,414 A
`4,013,875 A
`4,015,286 A
`4,016,361 A
`4,017,697 A
`4,019,201 A
`4,020,419 A
`4,024,574 A
`4,024,575 A
`4,025,851 A
`4,025,947 A
`4,025,948 A
`4,026,555 A
`4,027,100 A
`4,027,267 A
`4,027,331 A
`4,031,543 A
`4,031,548 A
`4,032,972 A
`4,034,990 A
`4,035,838 A *
`4,042,958 A
`4,044,376 A
`4,045,811 A
`4,045,814 A
`4,047,221 A
`4,048,562 A
`4,048,619 A
`4,049,906 A
`4,052,719 A
`4,052,737 A
`4,054,911 A
`4,055,848 A
`4,056,684 A
`4,057,829 A
`4,058,830 A
`4,059,729 A
`4,060,832 A
`4,061,577 A
`4,061,879 A
`4,064,490 A *
`4,068,264 A
`4,068,265 A
`4,070,693 A
`4,074,315 A
`4,075,660 A
`4,078,316 A
`4,079,419 A
`4,081,612 A
`4,081,753 A
`4,081,754 A
`4,081,831 A
`4,081,832 A
`4,086,434 A
`4,088,958 A
`4,091,417 A
`4,095,258 A
`4,096,524 A
`4,096,542 A
`4,099,258 A
`4,104,486 A
`4,104,681 A
`4,107,734 A
`
`
`
`................ 358/84
`
`............. 358/124
`
`10/ 976 Ts’ao
`11/ 976 Karnes .....
`325/308
`11/ 976 Kolettis et al.
`.710/23
`
`11/ 976 Belcher et al,
`.725/33
`
`.. 340/324
`12/ 976 Hutt et a1.
`
`..
`340/347 DD
`12/ 976 Dillon et a1.
`
`12/ 976 Ricketts et al.
`178/68
`1/ 977 Makino et al,
`.............. 340/324
`2/ 977 Koga
`2/ 977 Theurer et a1.
`3/ 977 Warren
`3/ 977 McGlynn ................. 235/150,2
`3/ 977 Russell .....
`358/13
`
`
`4/ 977 Pandey ..
`. 358/83
`4/ 977 Larson .....
`200/5A
`
`4/ 977 Hartung et al.
`.. 358/124
`
`.. 325/421
`4/ 977 Caspariet a1,
`
`358/117
`5/ 977 Nieson ........
`.
`.. 358/118
`5/ 977 Harney et al.
`
`5/ 977 Haselwood et al.
`.325/31
`
`. 358/86
`5/ 977 Michael .......
`358/122
`5/ 977 Loshin ........
`
`5/ 977 Kirschner et al.
`............. 273/85
`5/ 977 Ishiguro
`5/ 977 Larsen ....................... 329/106
`.. 358/135
`5/ 977 Nicol
`
`6/ 977 Holz
`6/ 977 Kato et al.
`.................. 358/188
`.. 358/142
`6/ 977 Saylor
`
`7/ 977 Baer
`7/ 977 Bassaniet al,
`................. 3482
`8/ 977 Saylor et al.
`..
`358/141
`
`8/ 977 Porter
`......................... 358/84
`8/ 977 Dingwall
`8/ 977 Hartung et al.
`9/ 977 Yasuda et al.
`........... 325/31
`9/ 977 Haselwood et a1.
`......... 340/154
`9/ 977 Forman, Jr. et a1.
`9/ 977 Hafner et al.
`............... 178/2C
`. 340/ 324
`10/ 977 Hutt et a1.
`.....
`
`10/ 977 Robertson etal. .............. 3486
`10/ 977 Fletcher et al.
`............. 348/463
`10/ 977 Fearnside ...................... 3588
`11/ 977 Lindstrom
`11/ 977 Moorehead .................. 358/86
`11/ 977 Gulnet et al.
`.
`358/86
`
`.............. 179/15 BF
`11/ 977 Eddyet al.
`11/ 977 DeVimeuX et al.
`12/ 977 Bell
`12/ 977 Wintzer .................. 179/15 BA
`12/ 977 Nagel
`.................... 395/200.09
`1/ 978 Pires .......................... 358/122
`1/ 978 Russell
`1/ 978 Shutterly .................... 358/123
`.. 358/142
`2/ 978 Kawamura et a1.
`
`2/ 978 Horowitz .................... 358/124
`3/ 978 Freeman ....................... 35/8A
`.. 358/193
`3/ 978 Siegle et al.
`
`................... 179/15 BA
`3/ 978 Hafner
`3/ 978 Miller
`........................ 325/396
`3/ 978 Jackson .
`325/396
`
`3/ 978 Tang et al.
`.................. 358/114
`3/ 978 Sherman ..................... 358/124
`4/ 978 Bocchi
`.....
`. 79/2 AM
`
`5/ 978 Suzuki et al.
`............... 325/396
`5/ 978 Nieson ....................... 358/117
`6/ 978 Sperber
`.
`358/120
`
`........................... 358/85
`6/ 978 Scott
`6/ 978 Pappas et al.
`............... 361/196
`7/ 978 Parsons
`364/900
`
`8/ 978 Martin et al.
`................. 179/2
`8/ 978 Saylor et al.
`................ 358/141
`8/ 978 Percy et al.
`................... 358/84
`
`Page 3
`
`

`

`US 7,827,587 B1
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`Page4
`
`4,107,735 A
`4,112,317 A
`4,112,383 A
`4,112,464 A
`4,114,841 A
`4,115,662 A
`4,115,807 A
`4,117,605 A
`4,118,669 A
`4,120,003 A
`4,120,030 A
`4,124,887 A
`4,126,762 A
`4,130,833 A
`4,131,881 A
`4,134,127 A
`4,135,156 A *
`4,135,213 A
`4,138,726 A
`4,139,860 A
`4,141,034 A
`4,142,156 A
`4,144,495 A
`4,145,717 A
`4,148,066 A *
`4,148,070 A
`4,156,253 A
`4,156,931 A
`4,160,120 A
`4,161,728 A
`4,161,751 A
`4,162,483 A
`4,162,513 A
`4,163,252 A
`4,163,254 A
`4,163,255 A
`4,168,396 A
`4,170,782 A
`4,171,513 A
`4,172,213 A
`4,175,267 A
`4,178,613 A
`4,180,709 A
`4,186,413 A
`4,189,748 A
`4,195,288 A
`4,196,310 A
`4,196,448 A
`4,199,656 A
`4,199,781 A
`4,199,791 A
`4,199,809 A
`4,200,770 A
`4,200,913 A
`4,201,887 A
`4,203,130 A
`4,203,166 A
`4,205,343 A
`4,207,524 A
`4,213,124 A
`4,214,273 A
`4,215,366 A
`4,215,369 A
`4,215,370 A
`4,216,497 A
`4,217,609 A
`4,218,697 A
`4,218,698 A
`4,222,068 A
`4,222,073 A
`4,224,678 A
`4,225,884 A *
`4,225,918 A
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`..
`
`8/1978 Frohbach ..................... 358/84
`9/1978 Everswick ..
`307/308
`
`
`9/1978 Burgert
`......
`329/50
`......
`9/1978 Gulfet al.
`. 358/122
`
`9/1978 Muhlfelder et al.
`244/166
`
`179/15 BV
`.....
`9/1978 Gulnet et al.
`
`9/1978 Pires .............
`358/122
`10/1978 Kurland et al. ................ 35/9A
`10/1978 Fung
`10/1978 Mitchell et a1.
`............. 358/142
`10/1978 Johnstine .......
`364/200
`
`11/1978 Johnson et al.
`. 364/107
`
`..
`11/1978 Martin et al.
`. 179/2A
`12/1978 Choenet ............ 358/122
`
`12/1978 Robinson
`340/167R
`1/1979 Campioni
`..... 358/16
`1/1979 Sanders et a1.
`370/57
`1/1979 Wintfeldet a1.
`. 358/142
`2/1979 Girault et al.
`. 364/521
`2/1979 Micic et a1.
`........... 358/22
`2/1979 Netravaliet al.
`2/1979 Freund ....................... 325/309
`3/1979 Metzger
`..
`325/4
`
`. 358/121
`3/1979 Guifet a1.
`4/1979 Saylor ........................ 348/468
`4/1979 Taylor
`5/1979 Steudel ........................ 358/11
`5/1979 Adelman et a1.
`. 364/900
`
`..
`7/1979 Barnes et al.
`178/22
`
`.340/750
`7/1979 Insam ........
`7/1979 Ost ................... 358/114
`
`7/1979 Entenman
`340/147R
`7/1979 Beyers, Jr. et al
`358/191
`
`7/1979 Mistry et al.
`. 358/118
`
`7/1979 Block etal.
`.
`. 358/122
`7/1979 Pires .......
`358/122
`
`9/1979 Best .......... 178/22
`......................... 358/84
`10/1979 Miller
`10/1979 Otey et a1.
`.................... 325/32
`10/1979 Barnes et al.
`178/22
`
`............................ 358/4
`11/1979 Tachi
`12/1979 Takahashiet al.
`........... 358/183
`12/1979 Cosgrove et al.
`..
`. 179/2 AM
`
`1/1980 Mortimer .................... 358/146
`2/1980 Reis
`3/1980 Morton
`................ 178/22
`4/1980 Forman et a1.
`4/1980 Whitehouse et a1.
`4/1980 Saylor ....................... 178/66.1
`4/1980 Doumit
`....................... 358/83
`4/1980 Corey .......................... 360/69
`4/1980 Pasahowet a1.
`. 364/200
`
`............... 178/22
`4/1980 Hellman et al.
`4/1980 Kuhar etal.
`................ 364/900
`5/1980 Burns
`5/1980 Doumit et al.
`5/1980 Ehrsam et al.
`5/1980 Barrett
`....................... 358/147
`6/1980 Purchase ..................... 375/22
`7/1980 Barda etal.
`................. 340/706
`7/1980 Brown ........
`358/188
`
`7/1980 Davidson .................... 358/124
`7/1980 Iijima
`7/1980 Kirk, Jr. ...................... 358/146
`8/1980 Ishman et a1.
`................. 358/84
`8/1980 Hatorietal.
`8/1980 Leventer
`..................... 358/22
`8/1980 Bart et al.
`9/1980 Thompson .................. 358/120
`9/1980 Hirashima
`9/1980 Lynch et al.
`9/1980 Block etal.
`9/1980 Beadle et al.
`
`................. 358/1
`
`.................... 348/1
`............... 364/200
`
`4,225,967 A
`4,228,543 A
`4,230,990 A *
`4,231,031 A
`4,232,193 A
`4,233,628 A
`4,236,217 A
`4,237,484 A
`4,237,486 A
`4,238,853 A
`4,238,854 A
`4,243,984 A
`4,245,245 A *
`4,245,246 A
`4,245,252 A
`4,246,611 A
`4,247,106 A
`4,247,947 A
`4,249,211 A
`4,250,489 A
`4,250,521 A *
`4,250,524 A
`4,251,691 A *
`4,253,114 A
`4,253,157 A
`4,258,386 A
`4,258,423 A
`4,261,006 A
`4,262,329 A
`4,264,924 A
`4,264,925 A
`4,266,243 A
`4,270,145 A
`4,271,506 A
`4,272,784 A
`4,273,962 A
`4,275,411 A
`4,278,973 A
`4,278,993 A
`4,283,602 A
`4,284,976 A
`4,286,281 A
`4,287,592 A
`4,288,809 A
`4,290,062 A
`4,290,141 A
`4,290,142 A
`4,292,650 A
`4,295,155 A
`4,295,223 A
`4,301,542 A
`4,302,771 A
`4,302,775 A
`4,303,940 A
`4,303,941 A
`4,304,990 A
`4,305,101 A
`4,305,131 A
`4,306,250 A
`4,306,289 A
`4,306,305 A
`4,307,446 A
`4,308,558 A
`4,310,854 A
`4,312,016 A
`4,313,132 A
`4,314,367 A
`4,315,282 A
`4,316,055 A
`4,316,217 A
`4,316,245 A
`4,317,215 A *
`4,318,047 A
`
`9/ 980 Miwa et al.
`................... 455/68
`10/ 980 Jackson
`455/181
`
`
`10/ 980 Lert et al.
`.....
`.. 348/4
`10/ 980 Crowther et al
`.. 340/695
`
`179/1.5R
`11/ 980 Gerard ........
`
`11/ 980 Ciciora .....
`358/147
`11/ 980 Kennedy ..
`364/483
`
`12/ 980 Brown et al.
`.. 358/142
`12/ 980 Shimp ........................ 348/475
`12/ 980 Ehrsam et a1,
`12/ 980 Ehrsam et a1,
`1/ 981 Ackley et al.
`............... 340/703
`1/ 981 Matsumoto et al
`.. 348/7
`
`.. 358/124
`1/ 981 Cheung .......
`
`1/ 981 Nagumo
`358/213
`
`1/ 981 Davies .....
`358/194
`
`1/ 981 Jeffers et al.
`273/85G
`
`1/ 981 Miyamoto
`455/38
`.. 358/183
`2/ 981 Baba et al.
`
`340/825.02
`2/ 981 Dudash et al,
`2/ 981 Wright
`........
`348/617
`
`2/ 981 Tomizawa
`358/122
`
`2/ 981 Kakiharaetal
`455/3,1
`
`.......
`.. 358/114
`2/ 981 Tang et al.
`
`2/ 981 Kirschner et al.
`.. 364/900
`
`3/ 981 Cheung .......
`. 358/84
`3/ 981 Lane et al.
`4/ 981 Weintraub etal.
`............. 358/3
`.....
`. 364/ 200
`4/ 981 Bright et a1.
`
`. 358/86
`4/ 981 Freeman ......
`4/ 981 Freeman et al.
`.358/86
`
`
`358/121
`5/ 981 Shutterly .....
`5/ 981 Farina ........................ 358/188
`6/ 981 Broc et al.
`6/ 981 Saito et al.
`.................. 358/127
`179/7.1 R
`6/ 981 Wolfe
`
`......
`6/ 981 Lippel
`358/13
`
`7/ 981 Hughes et a1,
`.............. 340/721
`7/ 981 Suzuki
`........................ 358/22
`8/ 981 Adams et al
`179/1.5R
`
`................. 340/147
`8/ 981 Gable et al.
`8/ 981 Suzuki
`.......................... 358/4
`.370/88
`9/ 981 Paulish et al
`
`9/ 981 Yabe ........................... 358/12
`9/ 981 Marti et al.
`................. 340/721
`.. 455/2
`9/ 981 Anderson et al.
`
`.................. 455/3
`9/ 981 Schnee et a1.
`9/ 981 Hendrickson ............... 358/173
`
`10/ 981 Jarger et al.
` .358/12
`10/ 981 Shutterly ..................... 455/72
`11/ 981 Weintraub etal.
`.......... 455/353
`11/ 981 Gargini
`....................... 358/86
`11/ 981 Widergren et al.
`12/ 981 Ciciora ....................... 358/142
`.. 358/147
`12/ 981 Marti et al.
`
`12/ 981 Atalla ........................ 235/380
`12/ 981 Yarbrough et al.
`............ 360/69
`12/ 981 Best
`.......................... 364/ 521
`12/ 981 Summers et al.
`12/ 981 Lumley ...................... 364/200
`12/ 981 Doiet al.
`371/38
`
`............... 364/200
`12/ 981 Barton et al.
`12/ 981 Hernandez et a1.
`.......... 358/142
`1/ 982 Baer
`358/143
`
`1/ 982 Glaab et al.
`................. 358/188
`1/ 982 Doles et al.
`................. 358/114
`2/ 982 Bakka et a1.
`..
`370/60
`
`2/ 982 Schumacher ................ 358/107
`2/ 982 Feistel
`..................... 178/22.06
`2/ 982 Rifl<en
`358/86
`
`................... 364/200
`2/ 982 Luu et al.
`2/ 982 Tabata et al.
`................... 3486
`3/ 982 Dawson ...................... 328/112
`
`
`
`Page 4
`
`

`

`US 7,827,587 B1
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`Page 5
`
`4,318,125 A
`4,318,126 A
`4,318,127 A
`4,318,128 A
`4,319,079 A
`4,319,353 A
`4,320,256 A
`4,322,745 A
`4,323,921 A *
`4,323,922 A
`4,325,078 A
`4,329,675 A
`4,329,684 A
`4,329,711 A
`4,330,794 A
`4,331,973 A
`4,331,974 A *
`4,332,980 A
`4,333,107 A
`4,333,109 A
`4,333,152 A
`4,334,242 A
`4,335,402 A
`4,335,426 A
`4,336,553 A
`4,336,559 A
`4,337,480 A
`4,337,483 A
`4,337,485 A
`4,338,628 A
`4,338,643 A
`4,339,798 A
`4,340,903 A
`4,340,906 A
`4,341,925 A
`4,343,042 A
`4,344,090 A
`4,347,498 A
`4,347,532 A
`4,347,618 A
`4,348,696 A
`4,351,028 A
`4,352,011 A
`4,353,088 A
`4,354,201 A
`4,355,372 A
`4,355,415 A
`4,357,548 A
`4,358,672 A
`4,358,790 A
`4,359,223 A
`4,360,827 A
`4,360,828 A
`4,360,881 A
`4,361,730 A
`4,361,848 A
`4,361,851 A
`4,361,877 A
`4,361,903 A
`4,364,081 A
`4,365,110 A
`4,365,249 A
`4,365,267 A
`4,367,488 A *
`4,367,548 A
`4,367,557 A
`4,368,483 A *
`4,368,486 A
`4,369,333 A
`4,369,462 A
`4,369,464 A
`4,374,395 A
`4,374,437 A *
`
`
`
`3/1982 Shutterly .................... 380/236
`3/1982 Sassler
`3/1982 Fukuda et al.
`3/1982 Sauvanet
`3/1982 Best
`........................ 178/22.09
`3/1982 Alvarez, III et al.
`370/104
`3/1982 Freeman ........
`179/6.04
`
`3/1982 Saekiet al.
`.
`. 358/123
`4/1982 Guillou ............
`.358/114
`4/1982 den Toonder et al.
`. 358/117
`
`. 358/117
`4/1982 Seaton et al.
`..
`.. 358/86
`5/1982 Van Hulle ......
`
`5/1982 Monteath et al.
`340/707
`
`5/1982 Cheung .........
`358/114
`
`. 380/206
`5/1982 Sherwood
`5/1982 Eskin et a1.
`358/84
`
`5/1982 Cogswellet al.
`.. 455/5.1
`
`............ 179/2 A
`6/1982 Reynolds et al.
`6/1982 McGuire et al.
`6/1982 Ciciora ....................... 358/147
`6/1982 Best
`........
`364/521
`
`6/1982 Mangold .
`358/127
`6/1982 Holmes .........
`358/147
`
`6/1982 Maxwell et al.
`. 364/200
`6/1982 den Toonder et a1.
`. 358/120
`
`6/1982 Koyamaet al.
`360/73
`6/1982 Bourassin et al.
`358/93
`6/1982 Guillou .........
`.358/114
`
`6/1982 Chambers
`358/147
`7/1982 Payne etal. .
`358/120
`
`7/1982 Tadokoro
`. 360/135
`.
`. 364/412
`7/1982 Hedges et al.
`
`7/1982 Tamura ............
`.. 358/10
`7/1982 den Toonder et a1.
`358/124
`. 178/22.17
`7/1982 Frosch et al.
`..
`
`8/1982 Schrock et al.
`455/5
`8/1982 Belisomiet al.
`358/183
`
`............... 340/825.02
`8/1982 Lee et a1.
`8/1982 Korver
`....................... 358/183
`8/1982 Kavouras et al.
`375/37
`
`......................... 358/188
`9/1982 Beier
`9/1982 Peddie et al.
`............... 364/483
`9/1982 Guillou ............
`. 235/375
`
`10/1982 den Toonder et al.
`380/206
`10/1982 Sechet et al.
`................ 358/122
`10/1982 Johnson et al.
`. 364/900
`
`............... 455/185
`10/1982 George et al.
`11/1982 Preslar
`11/1982 Hyatt et al.
`11/1982 Summers
`11/1982 Baer et a1.
`11/1982 Braun ......................... 358/85
`11/1982 Briggs, Jr. et a1.
`........... 725/114
`11/1982 Martinson ................... 364/493
`11/1982 Barber et al.
`..
`. 179/5R
`
`................. 358/1
`11/1982 Poignet et al.
`11/1982 Asip et a1.
`.................... 358/84
`11/1982 Dyer et al.
`. 364/900
`
`11/1982 Ohta ............................. 455/2
`12/1982 Hashimoto et a1.
`............ 358/13
`12/1982 Lee et a1.
`.......
`178/22.1
`
`12/1982 Tabata ..................... 340/825.3
`12/1982 Tsuda ......................... 358/84
`1/1983 Leventer et a1.
`. 348/467
`
`.............. 370/3
`1/1983 Cotten, Jr. et al.
`1/1983 Stern et al.
`..................... 455/4
`1/1983 Liu
`.348/617
`
`1/1983 Degoulet et al.
`............ 348/598
`1/1983 Gemperle et al.
`........ 178/22.13
`1/1983 Tornizawa et al.
`1/1983 Temime
`............. 358/22
`2/1983 Herrmann et a1.
`2/1983 Citta et a1.
`............... 455/184.1
`
`................. 235/380
`
`RE31,182 E
`4,375,579 A
`4,375,650 A
`4,375,651 A
`4,377,870 A
`4,378,470 A
`4,379,205 A
`4,380,027 A
`4,381,522 A *
`4,381,562 A
`4,382,256 A
`4,383,257 A
`4,383,273 A
`4,385,324 A
`4,385,384 A
`4,386,416 A
`4,386,436 A
`4,388,639 A
`4,388,643 A
`4,388,644 A
`4,388,645 A *
`4,388,664 A
`4,389,671 A
`4,390,898 A
`4,390,901 A
`4,390,904 A
`4,392,135 A
`4,393,277 A
`4,393,376 A
`4,393,404 A
`4,394,687 A
`4,394,691 A
`4,394,762 A
`4,395,757 A
`4,396,915 A
`4,396,946 A
`4,396,947 A
`4,398,216 A
`4,400,587 A
`4,400,717 A
`4,402,009 A *
`4,404,589 A
`4,405,942 A
`4,405,946 A
`4,408,345 A
`4,410,911 A
`4,410,917 A
`4,411,017 A
`4,412,244 A
`4,413,281 A
`4,413,339 A
`4,414,516 A
`4,414,621 A
`4,415,771 A
`4,418,425 A
`4,419,699 A
`4,420,656 A
`4,420,769 A
`4,420,833 A
`4,422,093 A
`4,422,105 A
`4,422,486 A
`4,424,532 A
`4,424,533 A
`4,425,578 A
`4,425,579 A
`4,425,581 A
`4,425,664 A
`4,426,698 A
`4,427,968 A
`4,429,385 A
`4,430,669 A *
`4,430,731 A *
`
`.................. 178/3
`.............. 178/22.1
`
`
`
`3/ 983 Crager et al.
`3/ 983 Davida et al.
`3/ 983 Tiemann
`.......... 358/191.1
`3/ 983 Templin et al.
`.. 455/2
`3/ 983 Anderson et al.
`.. 179/2C
`3/ 983 Murto et al.
`..
`. 178/22.1
`4/ 983 Wyner .........
`358/147
`4/ 983 Leventer et al.
`4/ 983 Lambert
`........................ 348/7
`4/ 983 Acampora
`5/ 983 Nagata .................. 340/825.44
`
`5/ 983 Giallanza et al.
`.
`340/825.47
`5/ 983 Lunn ...........
`348/725
`
`.. 348/781
`5/ 983 Shioda et al.
`
`5/ 983 Rosbury et al.
`371/22
`5/ 983 Giltner et al.
`.
`.. 364/900
`
`5/ 983 Kocheret al.
`.
`.. 455/151
`
`.....
`6/ 983 Cox et al.
`358/27
`6/ 983 Aminetzah
`358/123
`
`6/ 983 Ishman et a1.
`.
`. 358/84
`
`.....
`.. 358/147
`6/ 983 Cox et al.
`.
`. 361/93.6
`6/ 983 Ishman et a1.
`
`.. 358/124
`.
`6/ 983 Posner et al.
`
`.. 358/119
`6/ 983 Bond et al.
`
`6/ 983 Keiser .........
`358/147
`
`6/ 983 Johnston et al.
`.. 358/335
`
`. 340/825.44
`........
`7/ 983 Ohyagi
`
`.. 179/2A
`7/ 983 Besen et al.
`7/ 983 Thomas
`340/717
`
`..
`.. 358/147
`7/ 983 Cox et al.
`
`..
`.. 358/147
`7/ 983 Hutt et a1.
`
`7/ 983 Amano et a1.
`.
`358/194.1
`
`7/ 983 Nabeshima ..
`371/38
`7/ 983 Bienvenu et a1.
`.
`.. 364/200
`
`
`8/ 983 Farnsworth et al.
`.
`340/870.03
`8/ 983 Bond ..........
`380/226
`
`8/ 983 Cheung
`358/124
`.................. 358/121
`8/ 983 Field et al.
`8/ 983 Taylor et a1.
`.............. 179/27D
`8/ 983 Southworth et al
`358/13
`
`8/ 983 Rathjens ..................... 348/169
`9/ 983 Wright, Jr.
`................... 358/86
`.. 358/119
`9/ 983 Block et al.
`
`.................... 358/192.l
`9/ 983 Knight
`10/ 983 Yashiro et a1.
`................. 455/3
`10/ 983 Field et al.
`358/121
`
`............... 360/15
`10/ 983 Newdoll et al.
`10/ 983 Talbot
`......................... 455/26
`10/ 983 Shanley,H
`. 358/22
`
`.................... 358/147
`11/ 983 Thonnart
`11/ 983 Riggle et al.
`.................. 371/38
`11/ 983 Howard
`. 333/21A
`
`................. 364/200
`11/ 983 Bown et al.
`11/ 983 Martinez .................... 179/5R
`11/ 983 Fennel et al.
`....... 455/27
`
`12/ 983 Christopher et a1.
`12/ 983 Freeman .................... 179/6.04
`12/ 983 Novak ........................ 358/139
`12/ 983 Noirel
`.................. 725/115
`12/ 983 Pargee, Jr.
`.. 358/903
`12/ 983 Rodesch et al.
`
`12/ 983 Maret ..................... 144/117R
`1/ 984 den Toonderet al.
`....... 358/120
`1/ 984 Rzeszewski
`358/167
`
`1/ 984 HaselWOOd et al.
`........... 358/84
`1/ 984 Merrell ........................ 358/86
`1/ 984 Schweppe etal.
`358/148
`
`................ 375/8
`1/ 984 Sherman et al.
`1/ 984 Pargee, Jr.
`................... 371/37
`1/ 984 York ........
`340/310
`
`1/ 984 Cichelliet a1.
`................ 370/92
`2/ 984 Cheung ...................... 358/122
`2/ 984 Gimple et al.
`................. 348/1
`
`
`
`Page 5
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`

`

`US 7,827,587 B1
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`Page 6
`
`..
`
`
`
`........................ 178/22.09
`2/1984 Best
`4,433,207 A
`2/1984 McCalmont et al.
`.. 179/1.5S
`4,433,211 A
`2/1984 Schenk et al.
`..
`364/200
`4,433,379 A
`
`. 178/22.17
`2/1984 Levine etal.
`..
`4,434,323 A
`2/1984 Kleykamp et a1.
`358/118
`4,434,436 A
`
`2/1984 Rzeszewski
`.358/167
`4,434,438 A
`2/1984 Suzuki et a1.
`. 364/200
`4,434,464 A
`
`3/1984 Fleming et al.
`. 348/468
`4,439,761 A *
`3/1984 Furukawa et a1.
`725/25
`4,439,784 A
`3/1984 Leonard ........
`358/120
`4,439,785 A
`
`4/1984 DeLong
`178/ 22.04
`4,443,660 A
`5/1984 Thomas .........
`364/200
`4,446,519 A
`
`5/1984 Fascenda et a1.
`340/988
`4,449,114 A
`5/1984 Ciciora ..........
`358/147
`4,449,145 A
`
`.
`5/1984 Seiler et a1.
`455/9
`4,449,246 A
`5/1984 Waschka, Jr.
`455/9
`4,449,247 A
`
`5/1984 Price .............
`.. 455/45
`4,449,249 A
`340/814
`5/1984 Tanaka
`4,450,442 A
`
`5/1984 Lovett ............... 348/7
`4,450,477 A *
`
`5/1984 Dickinson
`358/114
`4,450,481 A
`.
`5/1984 Kenyon et al.
`364/604
`4,450,531 A
`
`5/1984 Kempner et al.
`.. 179/2 AS
`4,451,700 A
`
`5/1984 Bendig ..........
`.. 179/2 TV
`4,451,701 A
`..... 358/86
`6/1984 Toriumi
`4,454,538 A
`..
`6/1984 Lund et a1.
`. 358/118
`4,454,543 A
`6/