USOO7860131B1
`
`(12) Unlted States Patent
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 7,860,131 B1
`
`Harvey et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`(54) SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS AND
`METHODS
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: John Christopher Harvey, NewYork,
`NY (US), James William Cuddihy,
`New York, NY (US)
`
`27,810 A
`
`4/1860 .Buehrle ...................... 325/321
`(Commued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`>l<
`
`(73) Assignee: Personalized Media Communications,
`LLC, New York, NY (US)
`
`AU
`
`74619
`
`. 4/1976
`(Commued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`“Automatic Commercial Insertion Equipemnt for Unattended Inser-
`tion of Local Advertising”,
`kILLION,
`“Cablematic
`Inc.”,
`NCTA1984, pp. 15-22, 1984*
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 08/480,392
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 7, 1995
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary ExamineriMichael J Moore, Jr.
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4oodwin Procter LLP
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/113,329, filed on
`Aug. 30, 1993, which is a continuation of application
`No. 08/056,501, filed on May 3, 1993, now Pat. No.
`5,335,277, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/849,226, filed on Mar. 10, 1992, now Pat. No.
`5,233,654, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/588,126, filed on Sep. 25, 1990, now Pat. No.
`5,109,414, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/096,096, filed on Sep. 11, 1987, now Pat. No.
`4,965,825, which is a continuation-in—part of applica-
`tion No. 06/829,531, filed on Feb. 14, 1986, now Pat.
`No. 4,704,725, which is a continuation of application
`No. 06/317,510, filed on NOV. 3, 1981, now Pat. No.
`4,694,490.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04] 1/00
`(52) US. Cl.
`........................ 370/486; 725/136; 725/139
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 348/468,
`348/478, 6; 455/3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`Mum-CHANNEL C‘BLE SYSTEM
`
`A unified system of programming communication. The sys-
`tem encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast
`hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user spe-
`cific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel process-
`ing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) con-
`trolling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and
`output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast
`control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information
`selectively into prior art communications to exhibit person-
`alized mass media programming at video monitors (202),
`speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmis-
`sion stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in net-
`work broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause
`control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively
`automate connection and operation of receivers
`(53),
`recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strip-
`pers (81), etc. At receiver stations, signals in received trans-
`missions and from local inputs (225, 218, 22) cause control
`processors (200) and computers (205) to automate connec-
`tion and operation of converters (201), tuners (215), decryp-
`tors (224), recorder/players (217), computers (205), furnaces
`(206), etc. Processors (71, 200) meter and monitor availabil-
`ity and usage of programming.
`
`11 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`Wr‘sgflmfimm
`W_ swmcn CONTROL vmucnous
`
`Amazon EX. 1005
`
`IPR Petition - USP 7,827,587
`
`Page 1
`
`

`

`US 7,860,131 B1
`
`Page2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`33,189 A
`1,927,702 A
`1992271 A
`2,046,381 A
`2,117,638 A
`2,192,217 A
`2,217,881 A
`2,236,077 A
`2,264,563 A
`2,418,127 A
`2510046 A
`2511085 A
`2,563,448 A
`2,570,209 A
`2,573,349 A
`2,619,530 A
`2,731,197 A
`2,769,023 A
`2,788,387 A
`2,855,993 A
`2,864,865 A
`2,864,885 A
`2,866,962 A
`2,875,270 A
`2,892,882 A
`2,969,427 A
`2,972,008 A
`2,995,624 A
`3,008,000 A
`3,011,153 A
`3,016,091 A
`3,029,308 A
`3,071,642 A
`3,071,649 A
`3,082,402 A
`3,107,274 A
`3,133,086 A
`3,213,201 A
`3,238,297 A
`3,244,806 A *
`3,251,051 A
`3,304,416 A
`3,336,437 A
`RE26r33l E
`3,363,250 A
`3366731 A
`3368031 A
`3,371,071 A
`3,387,082 A
`3387083 A
`3,387,268 A
`3,390,234 A
`3430004 A
`3,440,427 A
`3,470,309 A
`3,472,962 A
`3475547 A
`3,478,164 A
`3,478,166 A
`3,478,342 A
`3,485,946 A
`3,493,674 A
`3,500,327 A
`3,526,843 A
`3,531,583 A *
`3,531,586 A
`3,536,833 A
`3,546,684 A
`3,560,936 A
`3,564,509 A
`3,569,937 A
`
`9/1861 Dougal
`9/1933 Foss ............................ 705/36
`2/1935 Williams
`7/1936 Hicksetal.
`5/1938 Walter
`3/1940 Bellarnyetal
`10/1940 Allen
`3/1941 Smith
`12/1941 Burristead
`4/1947 Labin .......................... 178/44
`5/1950 Ellert etal
`~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 178/56
`
`6/1950 Smith ~~~~~~~~~
`179/1
`8/1951 Ararn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`l78/5~l
`10/1951 Cotsworthrlll
`10/1951 Milleretal.
`................ 177/353
`11/1952 Roschke ..................... 178/5.1
`1/1956 Parkeret al.
`.................. 235/60
`
`~-
`~
`10/1956 Loewetal
`l78/5~l
`~
`4/1957 Druz ~~~~~~~
`l78/5~l
`
`~~ 358/84
`10/1958 Rahrnel
`
`~568/430
`12/1958 Morris
`
`~
`12/1958 Morris
`l78/5~l
`
`..........
`.340/147
`12/1958 Ellet
`2/1959 Wendth etal.
`~
`~-
`l78/5~l
`
`6/1959 Hughes ~~~~~~
`~
`l78/5~l
`
`1/1961 See ...............
`.348/705
`~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`2/1961 Ridenouretal
`l78/5~l
`8/1961 Waiters
`11/1961 Morchand ................... 725/138
`ll/l96l Haselterl etal
`1/1962 Daniele ...................... 162/391
`4/1962 Alderetal.
`............ 178/5.1
`1/1963 Mountjoyetal.
`1/1963 Goodall
`...................... 179/1.5
`3/1963 Seantlirl
`10/1963 Roschke ..................... 178/5.1
`
`~~
`~-
`5/1964 Morris etal.
`l78/5~l
`
`10/1965 Floodetal.
`179/15
`3/1966 Pawley etal
`178/22
`
`4/1966 Morris .......
`. 348/1
`
`~340/345
`5/1966 Harries
`
`2/1967 Wolf ..........
`.. 235/92
`8/1967 Brouardet a1.
`.............. 178/5.4
`1/1968 Berthrnan etal
`1/1968 Jocobson .................... 343/225
`1/1968 Wallersteiri
`2/1968 Eisele
`2/1968 Webb ................... 428/355 EN
`6/1968 Farberetal.
`6/1968 Farberetal.
`6/1968 Epstein .................. 340/825.26
`6/1968 Glidderl
`2/1969 Shenk
`4/1969 Kammer ..................... 250/210
`9/1969 Nyberg ....................... 178/5.1
`10/1969 Sanford
`10/1969 Sarlund
`ll/l969 Southworth~
`11/1969 Reiter et a1.
`ll/l969 Alldritt etal~
`178/6
`12/1969 Jackson et a1.
`.
`2/1970 Houghtorl
`~~~~~~
`~ 178/56
`
`3/1970 Belcher etal.
`.
`.340/154
`
`~329/104
`9/1970 Sarwille
`9/1970 Walker ~~~~~~~
`34%
`
`..................... 178/6
`9/1970 Bassetal.
`10/1970 Guanella ..................... 178/22
`
`. 340/172.5
`12/1970 Maxwell et a1.
`2/1971 Busch ...........
`. 340/172.5
`
`. 340/172.5
`2/1971 Perkins etal.
`.
`
`3/1971 Hoetter ....................... 340/171
`
`~ 178/66
`
`................. 178/5.1
`
`3,573,747 A
`3,576,391 A
`3,584,142 A
`3,586,767 A
`3,586,771 A
`3,588,357 A
`3,601,528 A
`3,602,891 A
`3,606,688 A
`3,609,697 A
`3,612,752 A
`3,624,516 A
`3,627,914 A
`3,639,686 A
`3,648,270 A
`3,649,749 A
`3,651,261 A
`3,651,471 A
`3,657,699 A
`3,659,046 A
`3,666,888 A
`3,668,307 A
`3,676,580 A
`3,683,111 A
`3,684,823 A
`3,693,090 A
`3,696,297 A
`3,703,684 A
`3,712,956 A
`3,716,835 A
`3,723,637 A
`3,725,672 A
`3,726,992 A
`3,728,480 A
`3,729,581 A
`3,731,197 A
`3,733,430 A
`3,733,431 A
`3,736,369 A
`3,737,858 A
`3,743,767 A
`3,744,043 A
`3,746,780 A
`3,746,799 A
`3,749,845 A
`3,752,908 A
`3,754,211 A
`3,755,624 A
`3,757,225 A
`3,761,888 A
`3,764,983 A
`3,769,579 A
`3,773,977 A
`3,773,979 A
`3,777,053 A
`3,778,058 A
`3,778,715 A
`3,778,721 A
`3,789,131 A
`3,789,137 A
`3,790,700 A >x<
`3,794,922 A
`3,795,763 A
`3,798,359 A
`3,798,610 A
`3,803,491 A
`3,806,814 A
`3,813,482 A
`3,819,852 A
`3,824,332 A
`3,824,467 A
`3,825,893 A
`3,826,863 A
`
`............ 340/172.5
`4/1971 Adams etal.
`4/1971 Houghton ................... 178/5.6
`6/1971 Schoeffler ................... 178/6.8
`
`6/1971 Morchand
`.348/473
`6/1971 Hamburgeret a1.
`............ 725/1
`6/1971 Sellari
`8/1971 McVoy ....................... 178/5.1
`8/1971 Clarketal.
`.............. 340/1725
`9/1971 Zawelsetal.
`............... 434/323
`
`9/1971 Blevins etal.
`340/172.5
`................. 178/5.1
`10/1971 Banning, Jr.
`11/1971 Rando etal.
`12/1971 Davies ....................... 348/722
`2/1972 Walkeretal.
`............ 178/5.8R
`3/1972 Metz et a1.
`.................... 345/24
`
`3/1972 Gibson .....
`. 178/5.6
`3/1972 Guanella ..................... 178/22
`3/1972 Haselwoodetal.
`...... 340/1725
`4/1972 Rocheret 31.
`340/146.1
`
`............... 178/22
`4/1972 Angeleri et a1.
`5/1972 Sekimoto ............. 178/69.5 TV
`
`6/1972 Face et a1.
`178/5.6
`7/1972 Beck ........................... 725/16
`8/1972 Southworth .................... 178/6
`
`8/1972 McVoy .....
`. 178/5.1
`9/1972 Gabriel ....................... 325/308
`10/1972 Otero .......................... 325/55
`.. 325/31
`11/1972 McVoy ..
`
`1/1973 Lemelson ................ 178/6.6A
`2/1973 Weinberg .............. 340/825.27
`3/1973 Fujio etal.
`178/5.2R
`
`307/208
`4/1973 Reuter
`. 178/5.6
`4/1973 Eguchiet 31.
`
`........
`. 178/6.8
`4/1973 Baer
`. 178/6.8
`4/1973 Anderson .
`5/1973 Clark ..........
`.. 325/32
`5/1973 Thompson et a1
`. 178/5.1
`5/1973 Kirk, Jr. etal.
`178/5.1
`5/1973 Vogelman et a1.
`............ 178/5.1
`6/1973 Turneret 31.
`7/1973 Bitzer et a1.
`................. 178/5.6
`7/1973 Walden etal.
`..
`340/870.7
`
`7/1973 Stetten et a1.
`.. 386/95
`
`.. 178/22
`7/1973 Gentges
`
`......
`.. 179/15
`7/1973 Fraser
`8/1973 Boenke et a1.
`. 178/5.6
`
`714/749
`8/1973 Rocheret 31.
`
`8/1973 Sekimoto ..
`178/69.5 TV
`..
`325/308
`9/1973 Ukicki
`
`
`.. 710/18
`9/1973 Flynn .
`.340/150
`10/1973 Stok
`
`10/1973 Harney ..
`.. 325/31
`
`11/1973 Guanella
`179/15
`11/1973 Kirk, Jr. etal.
`.
`179/15 FD
`
`
`.
`12/1973 Wittig et a1.
`178/5.1
`
`12/1973 Rausch .................... 463/3
`12/1973 Schmidtetal.
`12/1973 Moran ................... 325/396
`
`1/1974 Harney ..
`. 178/5.1
`. 178/6.6
`.....
`1/1974 Newell
`
`2/1974 Callais et 31.
`.. 358/86
`
`.. 325/53
`2/1974 Osborn etal.
`3/1974 Golding et 31.
`.
`. 178/5.6
`
`.........
`.. 178/22
`3/1974 Feistel
`340/1725
`3/1974 Bliss etal.
`
`..... 325/53
`4/1974 Osborn ..
`4/1974 Forbes ........................ 325/309
`5/1974 Blonder
`6/1974 Wolf .......................... 178/5.6
`
`. 178/5.1
`7/1974 Horowitz
`7/1974 French .....
`.. 325/32
`
`7/1974 Bossen etal.
`340/146.1
`
`7/1974 Johnson ...................... 178/5.1
`
`
`
`
`Page 2
`
`

`

`US 7,860,131 B1
`
`Page 3
`
`............. 178/5.1
`
`.............. 178/56
`9/1974 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`3,833,757 A
`9/1974 Rookes et al. ................. 325/55
`3,835,387 A
`9/1974 Boenke et al.
`........... 340/172.5
`3,836,888 A
`10/1974 Loughlin ..................... 358/12
`3,842,196 A
`10/1974 Barsellotti et al.
`3,842,206 A
`10/1974 Crosby ........................ 325/64
`3,845,391 A
`. 348/460
`3,848,082 A * 11/1974 Summers
`
`................. 325/53
`3,848,193 A
`11/1974 Martin et al.
`3,849,729 A
`11/1974 Van Baggem ................ 325/31
`3,858,240 A
`12/1974 Golding et al.
`............. 348/24
`3,859,458 A
`1/1975 Takezawa et al.
`3,859,596 A
`1/1975 Jannery et al.
`................ 325/31
`3,875,329 A
`4/1975 Nagel
`............
`178/6.8
`
`........... 200/11 D
`3,882,289 A
`5/1975 Walding et al.
`3,882,392 A
`5/1975 Harney ........................ 325/53
`.. 178/5.1
`3,885,089 A
`5/1975 Callais et al.
`
`5/1975 Kosco ........................ 178/5.1
`3,886,302 A
`3,886,454 A
`5/1975 Oakley et al.
`................. 325/52
`.. 178/6.8
`3,889,054 A
`6/1975 Nagel et al.
`.......
`
`............ 178/5.1
`3,890,461 A
`6/1975 Vogelman et al.
`3,891,792 A
`6/1975 Kimura ................... 178/5.8R
`3,893,031 A
`7/1975 Majeau et al.
`.
`325/32
`
`7/1975 Mellon ....................... 178/5.1
`3,894,176 A
`3,894,177 A
`7/1975 Howell et al.
`................ 178/56
`
`3,896,262 A
`7/1975 Hudspeth et al.
` ..... 178/5.1
`7/1975 Waterbury ................ 179/1 SB
`3,896,266 A
`3,898,378 A
`8/1975 Hinoshita et al.
`3,899,633 A
`8/1975 Sorenson et al.
`3,899,639 A
`8/1975 Cleveley et al.
`3,906,450 A
`9/1975 Prado, Jr.
`.................... 340/150
`3,909,512 A
`9/1975 Omoriet al.
`386/75
`
`3,911,216 A
`10/1975 Bartek et al.
`178/22
`
`.
`. 345/162
`3,911,419 A
`10/1975 Bates et al.
`
`10/1975 Forbes ...........
`3,914,534 A
`. 178/5.1
`
`.. 178/5.1
`3,916,091 A
`10/1975 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`..... 178/5.1
`3,919,462 A
`11/1975 Hartung et al.
`
`11/1975 Guanella .......
`. 340/172.5
`3,921,151 A
`
`.
`...... 725/31
`3,922,482 A
`11/1975 Gabriel et al.
`3,922,492 A
`11/1975 Lumsden
`3,924,059 A
`12/1975 Horowitz .................... 178/5.1
`3,924,187 A
`12/1975 Dormans
`.. 325/52
`3,927,250 A
`12/1975 Rainger
`. 178/56
`. 178/5.1
`3,934,079 A
`1/1976 Barnhart ........
`
`..... 178/5.1
`3,936,593 A
`2/1976 Aaronson et al.
`
`......
`.. 178/5.1
`3,936,594 A
`2/1976 Schubin et al.
`3,936,595 A *
`2/1976 Yanagimachiet al.
`348/24
`
`2/1976 Thorpe .............
`.. 358/22
`3,936,868 A
`
`3,943,447 A
`3/1976 Shomo, III ..
`325/308
`
`. 455/192.2
`3,944,931 A
`3/1976 Usamiet al.
`3/1976 Miyake ......
`3,947,624 A
`178/6
`
`3/1976 Lightner ..
`3,947,882 A
`360/92
`4/1976 Freeman .....
`3,947,972 A
`35/8A
`
`.......
`3,949,313 A
`4/1976 Tamada et al.
`329/106
`
`4/1976 Southworth et al.
`....... 178/6
`3,950,607 A
`...............
`.. 179/2 AS
`3,950,618 A
`4/1976 Bloisi
`
`....... 235/61.7 B
`3,956,615 A
`5/1976 Anderson et al.
`3,958,081 A
`5/1976 Ehrsam et al.
`................ 178/22
`3,958,088 A
`5/1976 Vieri
`3,961,137 A
`6/1976 Hutt et al.
`3,962,535 A
`6/1976 Haskell
`3,970,790 A
`7/1976 Guanella .................. 179/1.5 S
`3,971,888 A
`7/1976 Ching et al.
`3,973,206 A
`8/1976 Haselwood et al.
`3,974,451 A
`8/1976 Maeder
`3,975,583 A *
`8/1976 Meadows
`.348/460
`3,975,585 A
`8/1976 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`..... 178/5.1
`
`.
`. 340/146.1
`3,978,449 A
`8/1976 Sanders et al.
`9/1976 Barnaby ........
`.348/467
`3,982,064 A
`
`.. 178/5.8
`3,982,065 A
`9/1976 Barnaby et al.
`10/1976 Caudillet al. ............ 179/2
`3,984,637 A
`
`.
`325/308
`3,987,397 A
`10/1976 Belcher et al.
`
`10/1976 Fung ................
`. 325/309
`3,987,398 A
`
`10/1976 Yanagimachi et al.
`........ 178/56
`3,988,528 A
`
`..................... 178/68
`
`......... 325/455
`
`................ 358/84
`
`10/1976 Ts’ao
`3,988,550 A
`11/1976 Karnes ....................... 325/308
`3,990,012 A
`11/1976 Kolettis et al.
`................ 710/23
`3,990,050 A
`.. 725/33
`11/1976 Belcher et al.
`3,993,955 A
`
`.................. 340/ 324
`12/1976 Hutt et al.
`3,996,583 A
`12/1976 Dillon et al.
`.......... 340/347 DD
`3,996,586 A
`..
`12/1976 Ricketts et al.
`178/6.8
`3,997,718 A
`
`.............. 340/324
`1/1977 Makino et al.
`4,004,085 A
`2/1977 Koga
`4,006,297 A
`2/1977 Theurer et al.
`4,008,369 A
`3/1977 Warren
`4,011,414 A
`3/1977 McGlynn ................. 235/150.2
`4,013,875 A
`.. 358/13
`3/1977 Russell ..
`4,015,286 A
`
`4/1977 Pandey ........................ 358/83
`4,016,361 A
`4/1977 Larson ....................... 200/5A
`4,017,697 A
`4/1977 Hartung et al.
`.
`358/124
`4,019,201 A
`
`.............. 325/421
`4/1977 Caspari et al.
`4,020,419 A
`5/1977 Nieson ....................... 358/117
`4,024,574 A
`5/1977 Harney et al.
`358/118
`4,024,575 A
`
`5/1977 Hazelwood et al.
`........... 325/31
`4,025,851 A
`5/1977 Michael ....................... 358/86
`4,025,947 A
`5/1977 Loshin .....
`. 358/122
`4,025,948 A
`
`5/1977 Kirschner et al.
`............. 273/85
`4,026,555 A
`5/1977 Ishiguro
`4,027,100 A
`5/1977 Larsen ....................... 329/106
`4,027,267 A
`5/1977 Nicol
`......................... 358/135
`4,027,331 A
`6/1977 Holz
`4,031,543 A
`.................. 358/188
`6/1977 Kato et al.
`4,031,548 A
`6/1977 Saylor ........................ 358/142
`4,032,972 A
`7/1977 Baer
`4,034,990 A
`7/1977 Bassani et al.
`................ 358/86
`4,035,838 A
`
`8/1977 Saylor et al.
`.
`358/141
`4,042,958 A
`
`8/1977 Porter
`......................... 358/84
`4,044,376 A
`8/1977 Dingwall
`4,045,811 A
`8/1977 Hartung
`4,045,814 A
`9/1977 Yasuda et al.
`4,047,221 A
`9/1977 Haselwood et al.
`........... 325/31
`4,048,562 A
`9/1977 Forman, Jr. et al.
`340/154
`4,048,619 A
`
`.. 178/2 C
`9/1977 Hafner et al.
`4,049,906 A
`10/1977 Hutt et al.
`.......
`340/324
`4,052,719 A
`
`10/1977 Robertson et al.
`348/6
`4,052,737 A
`
`.
`10/1977 Fletcher et al.
`348/463
`4,054,911 A
`10/1977 Fearnside ...................... 358/8
`4,055,848 A
`11/1977 Lindstrom
`4,056,684 A
`11/1977 Moorehead .................. 358/86
`4,057,829 A
`11/1977 Gulnet et al.
`..... 358/86
`4,058,830 A
`
`
`11/1977 Eddyet al. ........... 179/15 BF
`4,059,729 A
`11/1977 DeVimeuX et al.
`4,060,832 A
`12/1977 Bell
`4,061,577 A
`12/1977 Wintzer .................. 179/15 BA
`4,061,879 A
`
`4,064,490 A * 12/1977 Nagel
`395/200.09
`1/1978 Pires .......................... 358/122
`4,068,264 A
`4,068,265 A
`1/1978 Russell
`4,070,693 A
`1/1978 Shutterly .................... 358/123
`2/1978 Kawamura et al
`4,074,315 A
`358/142
`
`. 358/124
`2/1978 Horowitz ..
`4,075,660 A
`
`4,078,316 A
`3/1978 Freeman
`35/8A
`3/1978 Siegle et al.
`.
`4,079,419 A
`358/193
`
`179/15 BA
`..
`4,081,612 A
`3/1978 Hafner
`4,081,753 A
`3/1978 Miller
`325/396
`
`4,081,754 A
`3/1978 Jackson
`.325/396
`3/1978 Tang et al.
`.................. 358/114
`4,081,831 A
`4,081,832 A
`3/1978 Sherman
`4,086,434 A
`4/1978 Bocchi
`..................... 79/2 AM
`5/1978 Suzuki et al.
`4,088,958 A
`325/396
`
`. 358/117
`5/1978 Nieson .....
`4,091,417 A
`
`.
`.358/120
`4,095,258 A
`6/1978 Sperber
`.....
`.. 358/85
`4,096,524 A
`6/1978 Scott
`
`6/1978 Pappas et al.
`361/196
`4,096,542 A
`7/1978 Parsons .......
`. 364/900
`4,099,258 A
`
`8/1978 Martin et al.
`4,104,486 A
`179/2
`.
`4,104,681 A
`8/1978 Saylor et al.
`358/141
`
`................... 358/84
`4,107,734 A
`8/1978 Percy et al.
`
`Page 3
`
`

`

`US 7,860,131 B1
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`Page 4
`
`4,107,735 A *
`4,112,317 A
`4,112,383 A
`4,112,464 A
`4,114,841 A
`4,115,662 A
`4,115,807 A
`4,117,605 A
`4,118,669 A
`4,120,003 A
`4,120,030 A
`4,124,887 A
`4,126,762 A
`4,130,833 A
`4,131,881 A
`4,134,127 A
`4,135,156 A *
`4,135,213 A
`4,138,726 A
`4,139,860 A
`4,141,034 A
`4,142,156 A
`4,144,495 A
`4,145,717 A
`4,148,066 A *
`4,148,070 A
`4,156,253 A
`4,156,931 A
`4,160,120 A
`4,161,728 A
`4,161,751 A
`4,162,483 A
`4,162,513 A
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`4,163,254 A
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`4,168,396 A
`4,170,782 A
`4,171,513 A
`4,172,213 A
`4,175,267 A
`4,178,613 A
`4,180,709 A
`4,186,413 A
`4,189,748 A
`4,195,288 A
`4,196,310 A
`4,196,448 A
`4,199,656 A
`4,199,781 A
`4,199,791 A *
`4,199,809 A
`4,200,770 A
`4,200,913 A
`4,201,887 A
`4,203,130 A
`4,203,166 A
`4,205,343 A
`4,207,524 A
`4,213,124 A
`4,214,273 A
`4,215,366 A
`4,215,369 A
`4,215,370 A
`4,216,497 A
`4,217,609 A
`4,218,697 A
`4,218,698 A *
`4,222,068 A
`4,222,073 A
`4,224,678 A
`4,225,884 A *
`4,225,918 A
`
`8/1978 Frohbach ..................... 358/84
`9/1978 Everswick .................. 307/308
`9/1978 Burgert
`....................... 329/50
`9/1978 Gulfet al.
`.........
`. 358/122
`
`......... 244/166
`9/1978 Muhlfelder et al.
`9/1978 Gulnet et al.
`........... 179/15 BV
`9/1978 Pires .............
`358/122
`
`10/1978 Kurland et al. ................ 35/9A
`10/1978 Fung
`............. 358/142
`10/1978 Mitchell et al.
`10/1978 Johnstine .................... 364/200
`11/1978 Johnson et al.
`............. 364/107
`..
`11/1978 Martin etal.
`179/2A
`
`..................... 358/122
`12/1978 Choenet
`12/1978 Robinson ................ 340/167R
`.. 358/16
`1/1979 Campioni
`
`................ 370/57
`1/1979 Sanders et al.
`1/1979 Wintfeld et al.
`............. 358/142
`2/1979 Girault et al.
`.....
`364/521
`
`................... 358/22
`2/1979 Micic et al.
`2/1979 Netravaliet al.
`2/1979 Freund .................... 325/309
`
`........................ 325/4
`3/1979 Metzger
`3/1979 Guifet al.
`................... 358/121
`4/1979 Saylor ........................ 348/468
`4/1979 Taylor
`5/1979 Steudel ........................ 358/11
`5/1979 Adelman et al.
`. 364/900
`
`................. 178/22
`7/1979 Barnes et al.
`7/1979 Insam ....................... 340/ 750
`............
`7/1979 Ost
`358/114
`
`340/147R
`7/1979 Entenman
`
`7/1979 Beyers, Jr. et al.
`358/191
`
`7/1979 Mistry et al.
`......
`358/118
`7/1979 Block et al.
`358/122
`7/1979 Pires .......
`. 358/122
`
`.....
`.. 178/22
`9/1979 Best
`.. 358/84
`..
`10/1979 Miller
`
`10/1979 Otey et al.
`.....
`325/32
`
`..
`178/22
`10/1979 Barnes et al.
`.........
`. 358/4
`11/1979 Tachi
`
`12/1979 Takahashiet al.
`.
`358/183
`
`
`..
`. 179/2 AM
`12/1979 Cosgrove et al.
`1/1980 Mortimer .................... 358/146
`2/1980 Reis
`3/1980 Morton
`................ 178/22
`4/1980 Forman et al.
`4/1980 Whitehouse et al.
`4/1980 Saylor .................... 178/66.1
`
`....................... 358/83
`4/1980 Doumit
`4/1980 Corey
`4/1980 Pasahow et al.
`............. 364/200
`4/1980 Hellman et al.
`178/22
`
`4/1980 Kuhar et al.
`................ 364/900
`5/1980 Burns
`5/1980 Doumit et al.
`5/1980 Ehrsametal.
`5/1980 Barrett
`....................... 358/147
`6/1980 Purchase
`.. 375/22
`.
`7/1980 Barda et al.
`. 340/706
`7/1980 Brown ........
`.358/188
`7/1980 Davidson .................... 358/124
`7/1980 Iijima
`7/1980 Kirk, Jr. ...................... 358/146
`8/1980 Ishman et al.
`................. 358/84
`8/1980 Hatoriet al.
`8/1980 Leventer
`358/22
`8/1980 Bart et al.
`9/1980 Thompson .................. 358/120
`9/1980 Hirashima
`9/1980 Lynch et al.
`9/1980 Blocketal.
`9/1980 Beadle et al.
`
`.................... 348/3
`............... 364/200
`
`................. 358/1
`
`
`
`
`
`................... 455/68
`9/1980 Miwa et al.
`4,225,967 A
`10/1980 Jackson ..................... 455/ 181
`4,228,543 A
`4,230,990 A * 10/1980 Lert et al.
`...................... 348/4
`.. 340/ 695
`4,231,031 A
`10/1980 Crowther et al.
`
`11/1980 Gerard .................... 179/1.5R
`4,232,193 A
`4,233,628 A
`11/1980 Ciciora ....................... 358/147
`11/1980 Kennedy ..
`4,236,217 A
`.364/483
`
`12/1980 Brown et al.
`................ 358/142
`4,237,484 A
`4,237,486 A
`12/1980 Shimp ........................ 348/475
`4,238,853 A
`12/1980 Ehrsam et al.
`4,238,854 A
`12/1980 Ehrsam et al.
`............... 340/703
`4,243,984 A
`1/1981 Ackley et al.
`4,245,245 A *
`1/1981 Matsumoto etal.
`348/7
`
`1/1981 Cheung ...................... 358/124
`4,245,246 A
`4,245,252 A
`1/1981 Nagumo ..................... 358/213
`4,246,611 A
`1/1981 Davies
`358/194
`
`1/1981 Jeffers et al.
`.............. 273/85G
`4,247,106 A
`4,247,947 A
`1/1981 Miyamoto ................... 455/38
`4,249,211 A
`2/1981 Baba et al.
`358/183
`
`......... 340/825.02
`4,250,489 A
`2/1981 Dudash et al.
`4,250,521 A *
`2/1981 Wright
`....................... 348/817
`4,250,524 A
`2/1981 Tomizawa
`. 358/122
`
`2/1981 Kakihara et al.
`.............. 348/14
`4,251,691 A *
`4,253,114 A
`2/1981 Tang et al.
`.................. 358/114
`4,253,157 A
`2/1981 Kirschner et al.
`364/900
`
`3/1981 Cheung ....................... 358/84
`4,258,386 A
`4,258,423 A
`3/1981 Lane et al.
`............. 358/3
`4,261,006 A
`4/1981 Weintraub et al.
`4,262,329 A
`4/1981 Bright et al.
`................ 364/200
`4,264,924 A
`4/1981 Freeman ...................... 358/86
`4/1981 Freeman et a1
`.. 358/86
`4,264,925 A
`
`
`. 358/121
`4,266,243 A
`5/1981 Shutterly
`5/1981 Farina ........................ 358/188
`4,270,145 A
`4,271,506 A
`6/1981 Broc et al.
`4,272,784 A
`6/1981 Saito et al.
`.................. 358/127
`. 179/7.1 R
`4,273,962 A
`6/1981 Wolfe
`
`6/1981 Lippel ........... 358/13
`4,275,411 A
`7/1981 Hughes et al.
`4,278,973 A
`340/721
`
`7/1981 Suzuki ............. 358/22
`4,278,993 A
`179/1.5R
`4,283,602 A
`8/1981 Adams et al.
`
`..
`4,284,976 A
`8/1981 Gable et al.
`340/147
`4,286,281 A
`8/1981 Suzuki
`........
`358/4
`4,287,592 A
`9/1981 Paulish et al.
`.. 370/88
`
` .. 358/12
`4,288,809 A
`9/1981 Yabe .....
`
`9/1981 Marti eta.
`..
`340/721
`4,290,062 A
`
`9/1981 Anderson et al.
`4,290,141 A
`455/2
`
`4,290,142 A
`9/1981 Schnee et al.
`455/3
`
`. 358/173
`4,292,650 A
`9/1981 Hendrickson
`.. 358/12
`4,295,155 A
`10/1981 Jarger et al.
`..
`
`.. 455/72
`4,295,223 A
`10/1981 Shutterly
`
`.
`4,301,542 A
`11/1981 Weintraub eta.
`455/353
`....................... 358/86
`4,302,771 A
`11/1981 Gargini
`4,302,775 A
`11/1981 Widergren et al.
`
`358/142
`4,303,940 A
`12/1981 Ciciora ...........
`358/147
`4,303,941 A
`12/1981 Marti et al.
`.235/380
`4,304,990 A
`12/1981 Atalla .....
`358/908
`4,305,101 A *
`12/1981 Yarbrough etal.
`4,305,131 A
`12/1981 Best
`........................... 364/521
`4,306,250 A
`12/1981 Summers et al.
`
`364/200
`4,306,289 A
`12/1981 Lumley .......
`.. 371/38
`4,306,305 A
`12/1981 Doiet al.
`..
`4,307,446 A
`12/1981 Barton et al.
`364/200
`4,308,558 A
`12/1981 Hernandez etal
`358/142
`4,310,854 A
`1/1982 Baer
`..............
`. 358/143
`4,312,016 A
`1/1982 Glaab et al.
`..
`358/188
`
`4,313,132 A
`1/1982 Doles et al.
`..
`358/114
`4,314,367 A
`2/1982 Bakka et al.
`.
`.. 370/60
`4,315,282 A
`2/1982 Schumacher .
`358/107
`4,316,055 A
`2/1982 Feistel
`......
`. 178/22.06
`4,316,217 A
`2/1982 Rifl<en
`..... 358/86
`4,316,245 A
`2/1982 Luu et al.
`364/200
`4,317,215 A *
`2/1982 Tabataetal
`348/6
`4,318,047 A
`3/1982 Dawson ...................... 328/112
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`
`
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`
`
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`Page 4
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`US 7,860,131 B1
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`Page 5
`
`4,318,125 A
`4,318,126 A
`4,318,127 A
`4,318,128 A
`4,319,079 A
`4,319,353 A
`4,320,256 A
`4,322,745 A
`4,323,921 A
`4,323,922 A
`4,325,078 A
`4,329,675 A
`4,329,684 A
`4,329,711 A
`4,330,794 A
`4,331,973 A
`4,331,974 A *
`4,332,980 A
`4,333,107 A
`4,333,109 A
`4,333,152 A
`4,334,242 A
`4,335,402 A
`4,335,426 A
`4,336,553 A
`4,336,559 A
`4,337,480 A
`4,337,483 A
`4,337,485 A
`4,338,628 A
`4,338,643 A
`4,339,798 A
`4,340,903 A
`4,340,906 A
`4,341,925 A
`4,343,042 A
`4,344,090 A
`4,347,498 A
`4,347,532 A
`4,347,618 A
`4,348,696 A
`4,351,028 A
`4,352,011 A
`4,353,088 A
`4,354,201 A
`4,355,372 A
`4,355,415 A
`4,357,548 A
`4,358,672 A
`4,358,790 A
`4,359,223 A
`4,360,827 A
`4,360,828 A
`4,360,881 A
`4,361,730 A
`4,361,848 A
`4,361,851 A
`4,361,877 A
`4,361,903 A
`4,364,081 A
`4,365,110 A
`4,365,249 A
`4,365,267 A
`4,367,488 A *
`4,367,548 A
`4,367,557 A
`4,368,483 A *
`4,368,486 A
`4,369,333 A
`4,369,462 A
`4,369,464 A
`4,374,395 A
`4,374,437 A
`
`3/1982 Shutterly .................... 358/121
`3/1982 Sassler
`3/1982 Fukuda et a1.
`3/1982 Sauvanet
`3/1982 Best
`........................ 178/22.09
`3/1982 Alvarez, III et al.
`......... 370/104
`3/1982 Freeman ...........
`179/6.04
`
`................. 358/123
`3/1982 Saekiet a1.
`4/1982 Guillou ...................... 358/114
`
`4/1982 den Toonder et al.
`358/117
`4/1982 Seatom et a1.
`.............. 358/117
`5/1982 Van Hulle .................... 358/86
`5/1982 Monteath et al.
`. 340/707
`
`5/1982 Cheung ...................... 358/114
`5/1982 Sherwood ................... 380/206
`5/1982 Eskin et a1.
`358/84
`
`............... 455/4
`5/1982 Cogswellet al.
`6/1982 Reynolds et al.
`............ 179/2A
`6/1982 McGuire et al.
`6/1982 Ciciora ....................... 358/147
`6/1982 Best
`........................... 364/521
`.358/127
`6/1982 Mangold .
`
`6/1982 Holmes ...................... 358/147
`6/1982 Maxwell et al.
`............. 364/200
`6/1982 den Toonder et a1.
`358/120
`
`............... 360/73
`6/1982 Koyama et al.
`6/1982 Bourassin et al.
`............. 358/93
`.358/114
`6/1982 Guillou
`
`6/1982 Chambers ................... 358/147
`7/1982 Payne et a1. ................. 358/120
`7/1982 Tadokoro .......
`360/135
`
`7/1982 Hedges etal.
`.
`364/412
`
`7/1982 Tamura ............
`.. 358/10
`
`7/1982 den Toonder et al.
`358/124
`............ 178/22.17
`7/1982 Frosch etal.
`8/1982 Schrock et al.
`725/116
`..
`8/1982 Belisomiet al.
`....... 358/183
`8/1982 Lee et a1.
`............... 340/825.02
`8/1982 Korver
`..........
`358/183
`
`8/1982 Kavouras et al.
`375/37
`9/1982 Bejer
`............
`.358/188
`9/1982 Peddie et al.
`. 364/483
`
`9/1982 Guillou ............
`235/375
`10/1982 den Toonder et a1.
`....... 358/120
`.........
`10/1982 Sechetetal.
`358/122
`10/1982 Johnson et al.
`364/900
`
`............... 455/185
`10/1982 George et al.
`11/1982 Preslar
`11/1982 Hyatt et a1.
`11/1982 Summers
`11/1982 Baer et a1.
`11/1982 Braun ......................... 358/85
`.
`11/1982 Briggs, Jr. et a1.
`725/114
`
`11/1982 Martinson .........
`364/493
`. 179/5R
`..
`11/1982 Barber et al.
`
`
`11/1982 Poignet etal.
`358/1
`.....
`11/1982 Asip et a1.
`358/84
`
`. 364/900
`11/1982 Dyer et al.
`..
`11/1982 Ohta .............
`. 455/2
`
`12/1982 Hashimoto et a1.
`358/13
`
`..........
`178/22.1
`12/1982 Lee et a1.
`
`. 340/825.3
`12/1982 Tabata .....
`
`12/1982 Tsuda ................ 358/84
`
`1/1983 Leventer et a1.
`. 348/467
`
`1/1983 Cotten, Jr. et a1.
`.
`370/3
`1/1983 Stern et al.
`.....
`455/4
`1/1983 Liu ...............
`.348/617
`
`1/1983 Degoulet et al.
`348/598
`.....
`1/1983 Gemperle et al.
`........ 178/22.13
`1/1983 Tornmizawa et al.
`1/1983 Temime
`............. 358/22
`2/1983 Herrmann et a1.
`2/1983 Citta et al.
`............... 455/164.2
`
`
`
`
`
`................. 235/380
`
`.................. 178/3
`.............. 178/22.1
`
`RE31,182 E
`3/1983 Crager et al.
`4,375,579 A
`3/1983 Davida et al.
`4,375,650 A
`3/1983 Tiemann
`4,375,651 A
`.......... 358/191.1
`3/1983 Templin et al.
`4,377,870 A
`.............. 455/2
`3/1983 Anderson et al.
`4,378,470 A
`3/1983 Murto et al.
`................ 179/2C
`4,379,205 A
`4/1983 Wyner .........
`178/22.1
`
`4,380,027 A
`4/1983 Leventer et al.
`............. 348/467
`4,381,522 A
`4/1983 Lambert
`........................ 348/7
`4,381,562 A
`4/1983 Acampora
`4,382,256 A
`5/1983 Nagata .................. 340/825.44
`4,383,257 A
`5/1983 Giallanza et al.
`....... 340/825.47
`4,383,273 A
`5/1983 Lunn ..............
`348/725
`
`4,385,324 A
`............... 348/781
`5/1983 Shiodaet al.
`4,385,384 A
`5/1983 Rosbury et a1.
`............... 371/22
`4,386,416 A
`5/1983 Giltneret al.
`364/900
`
`4,386,436 A
`............... 455/151
`5/1983 Kocher et al.
`4,388,639 A
`6/1983 Cox et al.
`..................... 358/27
`4,388,643 A
`6/1983 Aminetzah
`.358/123
`
`4,388,644 A
`................. 358/84
`6/1983 Ishman et a1.
`4,388,645 A *
`6/1983 Cox et al.
`..................... 358/86
`4,388,664 A
`6/1983 Watanabe
`361/93.6
`
`4,389,671 A
`............... 358/124
`6/1983 Posner etal.
`4,390,898 A
`6/1983 Bond et a1.
`................. 358/119
`4,390,901 A
`6/1983 Keiser .........
`.358/147
`
`4,390,904 A
`6/1983 Johnston et al.
`............. 358/335
`4,392,135 A
`7/1983 Ohyagi
`.................. 340/825.44
`4,393,277 A
`7/1983 Besen et al.
`.
`179/2A
`
`4,393,376 A
`7/1983 Thomas ...................... 340/717
`4,393,404 A
`7/1983 Cox et al.
`................... 358/147
`4,394,687 A
`7/1983 Hutt et a1.
`358/147
`
`4,394,691 A
`7/1983 Amano et a1.
`358/194.1
`
`4,394,762 A
`7/1983 Nabeshima .......... 371/38
`
`4,395,757 A
`7/1983 Bienvenu et al.
`364/200
`
`4,396,915 A
`8/1983 Farnsworth etal.
`340/870.03
`4,396,946 A
`8/1983 Bond ..........
`380/226
`
`4,396,947 A
`.358/124
`8/1983 Cheung .
`4,398,216 A
`8/1983 Field et al.
`358/121
`
`
`4,400,587 A
`8/1983 Taylor et a1.
`179/27D
`4,400,717 A
`8/1983 Southworth et al.
`.. 358/13
`
`4,402,009 A *
`.348/169
`8/1983 Rathjens .....
`
`4,404,589 A
`. 358/86
`9/1983 Wright, Jr.
`4,405,942 A
`358/119
`9/1983 Block et al.
`
`
`4,405,946 A
`9/1983 Knight
`.....
`. 358/192.1
`4,408,345 A
`10/1983 Yashiro et a1.
`455/3
`
`4,410,911 A
`10/1983 Fieldet al.
`358/121
`
`4,410,917 A
`10/1983 Newdollet al.
`.. 360/15
`4,411,017 A
`.........
`.. 455/26
`10/1983 Talbot
`
`4,412,244 A
`. 358/22
`10/1983 Shanley,II
`4,413,281 A
`.358/147
`..
`11/1983 Thonnart
`
`4,413,339 A
`.. 371/38
`11/1983 Riggle et al
`
`4,414,516 A
`333/21A
`11/1983 Howard
`
`4,414,621 A
`..
`11/1983 Bown et al.
`364/200
`4,415,771 A * 11/1983 Martinez .....
`.455/105
`
`11/1983 Fennel et al.
`........ 455/27
`4,418,425 A
`4,419,699 A
`12/1983 Christopheret a1.
`
`12/1983 Freeman ............ 179/6.04
`4,420,656 A
`4,420,769 A
`12/1983 Novak ........................ 358/139
`4,420,833 A
`12/1983 Noirel
`4,422,093 A
`12/1983 Pargee, Jr.
`.................. 725/115
`12/1983 Rodesch etal
`4,422,105 A
`358/903
`
`.. 144/117R
`4,422,486 A
`12/1983 Maret
`1/1984 den Toonder et al.
`.
`4,424,532 A
`358/120
`.358/167
`4,424,533 A
`1/1984 Rzeszewski
`.......
`
`4,425,578 A
`1/1984 Haselwood et a1.
`.. 358/84
`
`.. 358/86
`4,425,579 A
`1/1984 Merrell ..............
`4,425,581 A
`1/1984 Schweppe etal.
`358/148
`1/1984 Sherman et al.
`.
`4,425,664 A
`375/8
`
`. 371/37
`4,426,698 A
`1/1984 Pargee, Jr.
`
`1/1984 York ...........
`. 340/310
`4,427,968 A
`.. 370/92
`4,429,385 A
`1/1984 Cichelliet al.
`
`2/1984 Cheung .......
`.358/122
`4,430,669 A *
`
`................ 370/30
`4,430,731 A
`2/1984 Gimple et al.
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`Page 5
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`US 7,860,131 B1
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`Page 6
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`4,433,207 A
`4,433,211 A
`4,433,379 A
`4,434,323 A
`4,434,436 A
`4,434,438 A
`4,434,464 A
`4,439,761 A *
`4,439,784 A
`4,439,785 A
`4,443,660 A
`4,446,519 A
`4,449,114 A
`4,449,145 A
`4,449,246 A
`4,449,247 A
`4,449,249 A
`4,450,442 A
`4,450,477 A *
`4,450,481 A
`4,450,531 A
`4,451,700 A
`4,451,701 A
`4,454,538 A
`4,454,543 A
`4,454,594 A
`4,455,570 A *
`4,456,925 A
`4,458,109 A
`4,458,268 A
`4,458,315 A
`4,460,922 A
`4,461,002 A
`4,461,032 A
`4,462,076 A
`4,462,078 A
`4,464,679 A *
`4,467,139 A
`4,467,356 A
`4,468,701 A
`4,471,163 A
`4,471,164 A
`4,471,352 A
`4,472,801 A
`4,473,068 A
`4,473,824 A
`4,475,123 A
`4,475,153 A
`4,475,189 A
`4,476,535 A
`4,476,573 A
`4,477,830 A
`RE31,735 E
`4,484,027 A
`4,484,217 A
`4,484,218 A
`4,484,328 A
`4,486,773 A
`4,486,853 A
`4,488,179 A
`4,488,289 A
`4,489,220 A
`4,489,316 A
`4,491,945 A
`4,491,983 A
`4,492,820 A *
`4,494,142 A
`4,494,156 A
`4,494,230 A
`4,495,623 A
`4,495,654 A
`4,496,171 A
`4,496,975 A
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`
`
`........................ 178/22.09
`2/1984 Best
`2/1984 McCalmont et a1.
`...... 179/1.5 S
`2/1984 Schenk et a1.
`............... 364/200
`2/1984 Levine etal.
`. 178/22.17
`
`2/1984 Kleykamp et a1.
`.......... 358/118
`................ 358/167
`2/1984 Rzeszewski
`..
`2/1984 Suzuki etal.
`364/200
`
`3/1984 Fleming et a1.
`............. 348/468
`............. 725/25
`3/1984 Furukawa et a1.
`.358/120
`3/1984 Leonard ........
`
`4/1984 DeLong ................... 178/22.04
`5/1984 Thomas ...................... 364/200
`5/1984 Fascenda et a1.
`. 340/988
`
`5/1984 Ciciora ....................... 358/147
`5/1984 Seiler et a1.
`.................... 455/9
`5/1984 Waschka, Jr.
`455/9
`
`5/1984 Price