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`By Bryan Pfcfienbergen Ph.D.
`
`WILEY
`
`Publishing, Inc.
`
`S|Mp|_EAIR EXHIBIT 2031
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`
`Webster’s New World” Computer Dictionary, 10th Edition
`
`Copyright © 2003 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
`
`Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
`Published simultaneously in Canada
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`

`
`193
`
`Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
`
`In a series of
`internal navigation aid
`docu-
`related World Wide Web
`ments, the hyperlinks or clickable buttons
`that provide users with a way of navigating
`through the documents without getting
`lost. If one sees a Home button on one of
`the pages in a web, for example, he or she
`can click it to return to the Web’s welcome
`
`page. This is different fiom clicking the
`browser’s Home button, which displays the
`browser’s default home page.
`
`International Business Machines
`IBM.
`
`See
`
`International Data Encryption Al-
`gorithm
`(IDEA) An
`encryption
`technique that employs a 128-bit key and is
`considered by most cryptanalysts to be the
`most secure encryption algorithm available
`today.
`
`International Organization for Stan-
`dardization See ISO.
`
`Telecommunications
`International
`Union—Telecommunications Standards
`Section See ITU- TSS.
`
`International Traflic in Arms Reg-
`ulation See ITAR.
`
`internet A group of local area networks
`(LANS) that have been connected by means
`of a common communications protocol
`and packet
`redirection devices
`called
`routers. From the user’s perspective,
`this
`group of networks seems as if it is one large
`network. Note the small “i” — many inter~
`nets exist besides the Internet, including
`many TCP/IP—based networks that are not
`linked to the Internet (the Defense Data
`Network is a case in point).
`
`and rapidly
`Internet An enormous
`growing system of linked computer net-
`Works, worldwide in scope, that facilitates
`data communication services
`such as
`remote login, file transfer, electronic mail,
`the World Wide Web, and newsgroups.
`Relying on TCP/IP, also called the Internet
`P1'0tocol suite, the Internet assigns every
`Connected computer a unique Internet
`address, also called an IP address, so that any
`
`two connected computers can locate each
`other on the network and exchange data.
`The Internet is the largest example in exis-
`tence of an internet. See Advanced Research
`Projects Agency (ARP/I), TCP/IP nezfworle,
`I/Vorld I/Vide I/I/P312
`
`(IAP) A
`Internet access provider
`company or consortium that provides high-
`speed access to the Internet to businesses,
`universities, nonprofit organizations, and
`Internet service providers (ISPS), who in
`turn provide Internet access to individuals.
`Some IAPs are also ISPS. See ISP.
`
`Internet Activities Board (IAB) An
`organization founded in 1983 that was
`charged with the development of TCP/ IP;
`its activities have been taken over by the
`Internet Architecture Board
`
`Internet address The unique, 32~bit
`address assigned to a computer that is con-
`nected to the Internet,
`represented in
`dotted decimal notation (for example,
`128.I17.38.5). Synonyrnous with
`IP
`address.
`
`Internet Architecture Board (IAB) A
`unit of the Internet Society that provides
`broad—level oversight over
`the Internet’s
`technical development and that adjudicates
`technical disputes that occur in the stan-
`dards—setting process. Among the units that
`the organization oversees are the Internet
`Engineering Task Force
`(IETF),
`the
`Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), and
`the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
`(IANA).
`
`Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
`(IANA) A unit
`of
`the
`Internet
`Architecture Board (IAB)
`that supervises
`the allocation of IP addresses, port ad-
`dresses, and other numerical standards on
`the Internet.
`
`Internet Control Message Protocol
`(ICMP) An extension to the original
`Internet Protocol
`that provides much-
`needed error and congestion control. Using
`ICMP, for example, routers can tell other
`routers that a given branch of the network
`
`3
`
`
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