I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US007861158B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Martin et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`*Dec. 28, 2010
`
`(75)
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR GATHERING,
`RECORDING AND VALIDATING
`REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPUTER
`APPLICATIONS
`Inventors: Maurice Martin, Hermosa Beach, CA
`(US); Stephen Brickley, Hermosa
`Beach, CA (US); Leon Amdour, Los
`Angeles, CA (US); Alex Kravets,
`Marina de! Rey, CA (US); Brian Fan,
`Huntington Beach, CA (US); Dominic
`Infante, Redondo Beach, CA (US);
`Stuart Larking, Redondo Beach, CA
`(US); Paul Aldama, Los Angeles, CA
`(US)
`(73) Assignee: IRISE, El Segundo, CA (US)
`( * ) Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1863 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`10/484,541
`Jul. 26, 2002
`PCT /US02/23816
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`(22) PCT Filed:
`(86) PCT No.:
`§ 371 (c)(l),
`Jan. 22, 2004
`(2), ( 4) Date:
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: W003/010684
`PCT Pub. Date: Feb. 6, 2003
`Prior Publication Data
`
`(65)
`
`Oct. 28, 2004
`US 2004/0216045 Al
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(51)
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/308,052, filed on Jul.
`26, 2001.
`Int. Cl.
`G06F 31048
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`G06F 31023
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 715/243; 717/104; 717/105;
`717/120
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 715/513,
`715/243; 717/104, 105, 120
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`Primary Examiner-Stephen S Hong
`Assistant Examiner-Wilson Tsui
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Knobbe Martens Olson &
`BearLLP
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The system includes a novel software application interactive
`representation modeling language, a software application
`(82) operative to use the modeling language to create, read
`and modify interactive representation models of the proposed
`applications, a memory (86) to store requirement data and
`interactive representation model data, a software application
`(92) operative to read and update the interactive representa(cid:173)
`tion model data across a computer network, a software appli(cid:173)
`cation (76) operative to maintain a record of the requirements
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`the proposed applications in browser readable format, a soft(cid:173)
`ware application (82) operative to allow multiple instances of
`other applications to access interactive representation data
`and requirement data residing in the memory and a software
`application (84) operative to allow an individual user's inter(cid:173)
`actions with the system to be broadcast across a networked
`system to other users.
`98 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets
`
`AXR-1001-Page 1 of 74
`
`

`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`Page 2
`
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`
`AXR-1001-Page 3 of 74
`
`

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`AXR-1001-Page 4 of 74
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`
`AXR-1001-Page 6 of 74
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 4of24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`RECEIVE
`REQUEST
`
`124
`
`128
`
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`
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`
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`
`154
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`
`156
`RETURN
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`HTML TO
`BROWSER
`
`158
`
`AXR-1001-Page 7 of 74
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 5of24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`CONSTANT
`PRIMITIVE
`
`160
`
`176
`
`PAGE
`PRIMITIVE
`
`CONTAINMENT
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`DATA FLOW
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`
`170
`
`172
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`MATH ADD
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`
`PAGE
`PRIMITIVE
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`Fig. 5
`
`DATA FLOW---.i
`
`TEXT
`PRIMITIVE
`
`AXR-1001-Page 8 of 74
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 6of24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 9 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 7of24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
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`Fig. 7
`
`145 \ EXTRACT ALL VALUES
`SUBMI'l"l"ED IN FORM
`AND PACKAGE INTO
`DATA TOKENS
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`147 \
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`149 \
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`151 \
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`AXR-1001-Page 10 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 8of24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`START
`
`200'\
`
`206
`
`CACHE
`TOKEN AT
`PRIMITIVE
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`END
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`218
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`FROM
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`
`214
`FINDALL
`- - - - - - - - - - - DATA FLOW .,.._ ___ ----1
`EXITS
`
`Fig. 8A
`
`AXR-1001-Page 11 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 9of24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`236
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`NO
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`ERROR
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`YES
`
`242
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`Fig. 8B
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`CACHE TOKEN
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`
`AXR-1001-Page 12 of 74
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`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 10 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`300\
`
`START
`
`NO
`
`314
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`
`322
`
`324
`
`326
`
`328
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`334
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`336
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`DATA FLOW
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`Fig. 9A
`
`AXR-1001-Page 13 of 74
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 11 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`END ----l RETURN
`ERROR
`
`312
`
`338
`
`DETERMINE
`ORIGIN
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`FIND ALL
`EMPTY DATA
`FLOW INPUTS
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`DETERMINE
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`360
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`354
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`ORIGIN
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`356
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`358
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`DATA FLOW
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`__ __, OUTPUT FOR i.---~ PUSH
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`
`Fig. 9B
`
`RETURN
`EMPTY
`TOKEN
`
`AXR-1001-Page 14 of 74
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`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 12 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`400_/"
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`408
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`Fig. 10
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`application that requires
`authentication. Please log in to
`begin using yoll' applications. 18
`
`AXR-1001-Page 15 of 74
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 13 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`Type:FOD
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`~To:
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`Number Of Requirements: 1
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`Markstlng Admlninisb ator requirment.
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`Fig. 12
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`Fig. 13
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`AXR-1001-Page 16 of 74
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`Sheet 14 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`512
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`AXR-1001-Page 17 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 15 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`REOUIRU.RN rs - 3.00 LIS I PAGE
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`AXR-1001-Page 18 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 16 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 19 of 74
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 17 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 20 of 74
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 18 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 21 of 74
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 19 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 22 of 74
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 20 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`Fig. 26
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`
`AXR-1001-Page 23 of 74
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 21 of 24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`Fig. 29
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`AXR-1001-Page 24 of 74
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 22 of 24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`Fig. 37
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`
`Fig. 39
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`
`AXR-1001-Page 25 of 74
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`
`Dec. 28, 2010
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`Sheet 23 of 24
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`US 7,861,158 B2
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`AXR-1001-Page 26 of 74
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 28, 2010
`
`Sheet 24 of 24
`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
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`AXR-1001-Page 27 of 74
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`

`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR GATHERING,
`RECORDING AND VALIDATING
`REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPUTER
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This is a section 371 filing of Application No. PCT/US02/
`23816 filed Jul. 26, 2002, which was published as WO
`03/010684 Al on Feb. 6, 2003 under PCT Article 21(2) in
`English, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of
`U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/308,052, filed Jul. 26,
`2001, the entireties of which are herein incorporated by ref(cid:173)
`erence.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention is directed to a system and process
`for gathering, recording and validating requirements for com(cid:173)
`puter applications in the fields of requirements analysis for
`computer application development and of computer applica(cid:173)
`tion development.
`A portion of the disclosure of this patent document con(cid:173)
`tains material which is subject to copyright protection. The
`copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduc(cid:173)
`tion by any one of the patent document or the patent disclo(cid:173)
`sure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent
`file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights
`whatsoever.
`
`INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
`
`The present invention has applicability in the field of
`design and development of computer software applications
`for businesses and other entities, particularly concerning
`large, complex systems adapted for networks, including pri(cid:173)
`vate networks as well as public networks such as the Internet.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`With the increasing complexity involved in the develop(cid:173)
`ment of computer programs that embody very sophisticated
`business logic, specification of the requirements of these pro(cid:173)
`grams before they are actually built, i.e., programmed into
`computer readable code is important to timely and cost-ef(cid:173)
`fective production of these systems.
`As organizations are forced to do more with less, the need
`to deliver such applications on-time and on-budget without
`sacrificing quality presents a bigger challenge than ever
`before. One of the major problems in these fields is system
`definition, i.e., the effective identification of accurate, com(cid:173)
`plete and unambiguous requirements for the system or appli(cid:173)
`cation. This is especially true of applications used on the
`Internet. These applications must meet requirements related
`not only to graphic design, content and usability, but also
`related to complex scenarios of user system interactions that
`are not complete and accurate requirements from outset and
`may not even be documented before starting the application
`design.
`Traditional software development falls typically into sev(cid:173)
`eral main disciplines. The first is known as the "waterfall"
`software development life cycle approach. The second 60
`approach attempts to improve the effectiveness of the water(cid:173)
`fall approach by introducing prototypes into the development
`lifecycle early in the development cycle. Each of these
`approaches is associated with significant problems.
`The waterfall approach is a development method that is
`linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct
`goals for each phase of development. Once a phase of <level-
`
`30
`
`2
`opment is completed, the development proceeds to the next
`phase and there is no turning back. This phase of development
`is analogous to the flow of water over a waterfall; it cannot
`flow back to the top of the waterfall. In the waterfall design
`approach, the requirements gathering phase typically results
`with capture of requirements on paper documents. Typically,
`the system designers generate a paper-based design from the
`paper-based requirements. The system developers then inter(cid:173)
`pret the paper-based design and convert it into executable
`10 computer code. Typically, the executable code is then deliv(cid:173)
`ered to the testers, who then evaluate the code to determine if
`the resulting computer application meets the requirements.
`While waterfall development allows for departmentaliza(cid:173)
`tion and managerial control, it does not allow for much reflec-
`15 tion or revision. Iterations of the design process require itera(cid:173)
`tions of the entire process. However, once an application is in
`the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change
`something that was not well thought out in the concept stage.
`Also, typically, problems are not discovered until system
`20 testing, and requirements must be fixed before the system is
`designed. Requirements evolution makes the development
`method unstable. Often during the design and code writing
`phases, requirements inconsistencies, missing system com(cid:173)
`ponents and unexpected development needs are discovered.
`25 Also, system performance cannot be tested until the system is
`almost coded, and under-capacity may be difficult to correct.
`For these reasons the standard waterfall model has been asso(cid:173)
`ciated with the failure or cancellation of a number of large
`systems.
`Known alternatives to the standard waterfall design
`approach include modified waterfall approaches that include
`those that start with a very rough notion of the system and
`become more detailed over time, analogous to going over
`several smaller waterfalls (spiral waterfall design); and those
`35 that include overlapping phases and sub-projects (modified
`waterfalls).
`Other known design approaches includes the staged deliv(cid:173)
`ery approach, in which the designer reviews the concept,
`requirements analysis, and architectural design phases, and
`40 then implements these phases, shows them to the customer as
`the components are completed, and then goes back to the
`previous phase( s) if needed.
`All of these waterfall type approaches suffer from the same
`or similar problems, however. The iterative approach through
`45 the phases, even when overlapped, results in static require(cid:173)
`ments being interpreted into static designs and developments.
`Because the requirements for most systems are not well
`understood in the beginning, the costs for development often
`become excessive and delivery schedules originally esti-
`50 mated must be revised. Finally, because complex systems
`typically are not well understood in terms of their actual
`implemented behaviors, it is only through actual interaction
`with the system that the system designers and business ana(cid:173)
`lysts truly begin to understand what has been built. Although
`55 the lessons learned may be valuable during waterfall imple(cid:173)
`mentations, they cannot easily be taken advantage of, due to
`the prohibitive costs of re-factoring the designs and imple(cid:173)
`mentations to reflect the new requirements that spring from
`these lessons.
`The second general approach, the prototyping of critical
`parts of the application, was developed, partly in response to
`the problems associated with the waterfall and modified
`waterfall approaches. As used herein, the term prototype, and
`its variations, in the context of the design of computer appli-
`65 cations means the use of some form or stage of application
`code, or the use of static images to represent computer screen
`display.
`
`AXR-1001-Page 28 of 74
`
`

`
`US 7,861,158 B2
`
`3
`The prototyping of critical parts, referred to sometimes
`herein as code prototyping, also was developed in response to
`awareness in the field of the invention that software product
`development tends to move along four paths: (1) ideas to
`product; (2) low technology to high technology; (3) drawings
`to code; and ( 4) appearance and behavior to performance. In
`the code prototyping approach, a prototype code is built to test
`the results of the planning phase, during which the developers
`attempt to understand the users and the users' needs and how
`those were to be addressed in the software application. The 10
`prototype code is then measured to see how the user reacts
`and understands the developers work, and is analyzed to see
`which parts of the prototype are doing well and which parts
`are not. In this prototyping approach, the prototype is actually
`code that is intended to accomplish the intended purpose of 15
`designated parts of the overall software application, and is
`therefore referred to herein as a "coded prototype."
`The prototyping approach also has been associated with
`numerous problems, foremost among them is that prototypes
`are typically written in computer languages that only pro- 20
`grammers can understand and use. Thus the prototypes are
`still developed as traditional computer programs, by pro(cid:173)
`grammers. This has several drawbacks. The first drawback is
`that business analysts, who are the people most likely to
`understand the needs and desires for the computer applica- 25
`tion, cannot develop the prototype without reliance on