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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Catalogingdn-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`
`2, Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004‘.03~—dc2l
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by HE. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at wwwmicrosoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspt'nput@micros0fi.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`Back0ffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnirnation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirecMusic,
`DirectPlay, DiIectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotrnail, l.ntelliEye,
`Intel]iMouse, Intel_liSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, Netll/Ieeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltirnateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++,“Visuai FoXPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s', Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States andfor other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the tradérnarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products,‘domain,_names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`'
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`
`

`
`uring video images‘
`d by computers that _
`nages in real time.
`evice that rotates only
`3 an electrical pulse
`“e.
`
`red to move a disk at;
`.t. See also actuator
`
`site, properties such
`icrease the amount of
`site and increase user
`
`aature built into Mac
`
`t causes modifier keys-_
`stay on” after they 21:"
`
`_
`
`lown one key while
`
`n occurrences. For exam
`
`a system by taking into
`planned events.
`
`ismission, a bit that sig
`Lrly electromechanical?
`id time for the receivin
`
`_
`idle position and,
`ad a duration of l, 1.5, or
`ms transmission. Com-'
`
`at affects the operating
`1 at risk. The operating
`
`nters have two main type
`
`and disk (l.1‘lVf§
`jry
`a. Other types of storage:
`M) and buffers.
`
`gh-speed network that pt”
`an servers and storage,
`‘s, and disaster—recove1'y '
`
`ices. A storage area network, or SAN, includes compo-
`ts such as hubs and routers that are also used in local
`' getworks (LANs), but it differs in being something of a
`-i,'j1etwork” dedicated to providing a high-speed connec-
`0 I etween storage elements and servers. Most SANS rely
`lfiber-channel connections that deliver speeds up to 1000
`P5‘ and can support up to 128 devices. SANS are imple-
`- "
`provide the scalability, speed, and manageability
`-ufied in environments that demand high data availability.
`mnyni: SAN. Also called: system area network.
`
`page device 11. An apparatus for recording computer
`" in permanent or semipermanent form. When a dis-
`ction is made between primary (main) storage devices
`agdfsecondary (auxiliary) storage devices, the former
`ers to random access memory (RAM) and the latter
`efers to disk drives and other external devices.
`
`I
`
`_ "rage location 11. The position at which a particular
`"in can be found%ither an addressed location or a
`'dentified location on a disk, tape, or similar
`
`"rage media n. The various types of physical material
`on which data bits are written and stored, such as floppy
`_ sks, hard disks, tape, and optical discs.
`storage tube n. See direct view storage tube.
`store-and-forward rt. A method of delivering transmis-
`sions in which messages are held temporarily by an inter-
`__ ediary before being sent on to their destination. Store
`
`I "to their destinations. Compare cut-through switch.
`
`ments and optional control-of-flow statements stored
`i1i1der a name and processed as a unit. They are stored in
`SQL database and can be run with one call from an
`plication.
`
`oretl program concept a. A system architecture
`scheme, credited largely to the mathematician John von
`' eumann, in which both programs and data are in direct-
`cess storage {random access memory, or RAM), thereby
`lowing code and data to be treated interchangeably. Sec:
`so von Neumann architecture.
`
`-
`
`storefront rt. See virtual storefront.
`
`“storm 11. On a network, a sudden, excessive burst of traf-
`. Storms are often responsible for network outages.
`
`:5TP n. Acronym for shielded twisted pair. A cable con-
`ting of one or more twisted pairs of wires and a sheath
`
`of foil and copper braid. The twists protect the pairs from
`interference by each other, and the shielding protects the
`pairs from interference from outside. Therefore, STP
`cable can be used for high—speed transmission over long
`distances. See also twisted-pair cable. Compare UTP.
`
`straight-line code 11. Program code that follows a direct
`sequence of statements rather than skipping ahead or
`jumping back via transfer statements such as GOTO and
`JUMP. See also GOTO statement jump instruction. Com-
`pare spaghetti code.
`
`stream1 in. Any data transmission, such as the movement
`of a file between disk and memory, that occurs in a contin-
`uous flow. Manipulating a data stream is a programming
`task. Consumers, however, are likely to encounter refer-
`ences to streams and streaming i.n connection to the Inter-
`net, which has increased reliance on stream techniques to
`enable users (even those with slower equipment) to access
`large multimedia files-«especially those containing audio
`and video components-and to display. or play them
`before all the data has been transferred.
`
`streamz vb. To transfer data continuously, beginning to
`end, in a steady flow. Many aspects of computing rely on
`the ability to stream data: file input and output, for exam-
`ple, and communications. If necessary, an application
`receiving a stream must be able to save the information to
`a buffer in order to prevent loss of data. On the Internet,
`streaming enables users to begin accessing and using a file
`before it has been transmitted in its entirety.
`
`stream cipher :1. A method for encrypting a data
`sequence of unlimited length using a key of fixed length.
`See also key (definition 3). Compare block cipher.
`
`streaming n. 1. On the Internet, the process of delivering
`information, especially multimedia sound or video, in a
`steady flow that the recipient can access as the tile is being
`transmitted. 2. In magnetic tape storage devices, a low-
`cost technique to control the motion of the tape by remov-
`ing tape buffers. Although streaming tape compromises
`startjstop performance, it achieves highly reliable storage
`and retrieval of data, and is useful when a steady supply of
`data is required by a particular application or computer.
`
`streaming buffer n. A small sound buffer that can play
`lengthy sounds because the application dynamically loads
`audio data into the buffer as it plays. For example, an
`application could use a buffer that can hold 3 seconds of
`audio data to play a 2-minute sound. A streaming buffer
`requires much less memory than a static buffer. See also
`static buffer.