US008090862B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`van Oldenborgh et al.
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`*Jan. 3, 2012
`
`(54) INITIATING AN ALTERNATIVE
`COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FOR
`RECEIVING STREAMING CONTENT
`
`(75) Inventors: Marc van Oldenborgh, Amsterdam
`(NL); Marijn Gnirrep, Amsterdam
`(NL)
`(73) Assignee: Nonend Inventions N.V., Bilthoven
`(NL)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis
`claimer.
`
`(21) App1.N0.: 12/797,139
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun. 9, 2010
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2011/0138068 A1
`Jun. 9, 2011
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(60) Continuation of application No. 11/617,399, ?led on
`Dec. 28, 2006, now Pat. No. 7,779,138, which is a
`division of application No. 11/287,753, ?led on Nov.
`28, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,349,983, which is a division
`ofapplication No. 09/967,600, ?led on Sep. 28, 2001,
`now Pat. No. 7,065,548.
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Feb. 16, 2001
`
`(NL) .................................... .. 1017388
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`G06F 15/16
`(52) US. Cl. ....................... .. 709/231; 709/238; 709/201
`(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 709/231,
`709/238i24l, 201, 203
`See application ?le for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,051,987 A
`9/1991 Conlon
`5,511,168 A
`4/1996 Perlman et a1.
`(Continued)
`
`CN
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner * Philip B Tran
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Finnegan, Henderson,
`Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Systems and methods are disclosed for streaming content
`over a network that enables communication between a ?rst
`consumer node, a second consumer node, and a production
`node. In one embodiment, a method includes initiating, from
`the ?rst consumer node, a ?rst connection to the second
`consumer node, and receiving one or more data packages
`corresponding to part of the content. The method also
`includes initiating, from the ?rst consumer node, a second
`connection over the network to a production node, and receiv
`ing one or more data packages corresponding to at least a part
`of the content. The method also includes making incoming
`content received from the second consumer node ready for
`processing and play-back at the ?rst consumer node, so that
`part of the content is streamed to a stream target at the ?rst
`consumer node, while another part of the content is being
`received from the production node.
`
`20 Claims, 49 Drawing Sheets
`
`every node connected
`is attached to a separate
`Input Manager object
`
`incoming media stream(s) with network into
`
`CONSUMER NODE
`
`_._. wr- network info
`
`media stream
`
`STREAM TARGET
`e.g. media player
`
`incoming request(s)
`‘ ntwstmi'lfe _____ __.
`outgoing media streem(s) with
`network into
`
`every node connected
`is attached to a separate
`Output Manager object
`
`Ex. 1001
`Apple v. Nonend
`Page 1 of 60
`
`

`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`Page 2
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`
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`Replaced by IEEE 802.15.1-2005.
`IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005 IEEE Standard for Information technol
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 3 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
`
`Sheet 1 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`FIG. 1
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 4 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
`
`Sheet 2 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
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`
`FIG. 2A
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 5 of 60
`
`

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`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 3 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`_ _ _ _ _ F
`
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`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 6 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 4 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
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`
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`LIST
`
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`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`PN
`
`CN
`LIST
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 7 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
`
`Sheet 5 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
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`LOGIC
`
`PN
`LIST
`
`CN
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`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`PN
`
`CN
`LIST
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 8 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 3, 2012
`
`Sheet 6 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`INPUT MANAGER
`
`ROUTER
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
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`'
`
`PN
`LIST
`
`CN
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`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`PN
`
`CN
`LIST
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 9 of 60
`
`

`
`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 7 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`:5 as:
`
`FIG. 2F
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 10 of 60
`
`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 8 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`NEW NODE
`
`FIG. 26
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 11 of 60
`
`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 9 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`_ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 12 of 60
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 10 0f 49
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`US 8,090,862 B2
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`_ _ _ _ _
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`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 13 of 60
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 11 0149
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`BUFFERS
`
`T Wm T U TO U
`P W0 W m RL w I
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`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 14 of 60
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
`
`Sheet 12 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
`
`ROUTER
`LOGIC
`
`LOCAL PRODUCTION
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`LOCAL CONSUMER
`CONNECTION MANAGER
`
`OUTPUT MANAGER
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`LOGIC
`
`FIG. 2K
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 15 of 60
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`US. Patent
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`Jan. 3, 2012
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`Sheet 13 0f 49
`
`US 8,090,862 B2
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`INPUT MANAGER
`
`BUFFERS
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`1
`INITIATING AN ALTERNATIVE
`COMMUNICATION CHANNEL FOR
`RECEIVING STREAMING CONTENT
`
`The present application is a continuation of, and claims
`priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/617,399, filed
`Dec. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,779,138, wl1icl1 is a
`divisional of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 11/287,753, filed on Nov. 28, 2005, now U.S. Pat.
`No. 7,349,983, which is a divisional of, and claims priority to,
`US. patent application Ser. No. 09/967,600, filed on Sep. 28,
`2001, now US. Pat. No. 7,065,548, which claims the benefit
`of priority to Application No. 1017388, filed in the Nether-
`lands on Feb. 16, 2001, all of which are incorporated herein
`by reference in their entireties.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`“
`
`The present disclosure relates to a device for either gener-
`ating or maintaining an organic network having a dynamic
`topology, a method for it and a carrier provided with software
`for it.
`It is known for instance fron1 U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,718, to
`duplicate a server in mi intemet environment to relieve the
`main server. In those cases however the entire server software
`and complete files of the server are duplicated. This first of all
`is too large a burden for the duplicate. Additionally not any
`given computer will be suitable for that purpose, let alone any
`given computer requesting information to the server (the “cli-
`ent”). Additionally it is not possible to olfer a client an
`optional transfer speed of the content in this way by an intel-
`ligent choice of the route or possible another, closer (regard-
`i11g the transfer speed) (duplicate) server.
`Additionally it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,783 to
`provide data packages with software (Java Applets) with
`which the content of the data packages or other data can be ——
`processed on the receiving computer. In this case, however,
`there is no question of communication, but of distributed
`processing. One large task is divided over several agents,
`wherein each agent carries out a part of the task and is in
`contact with the common server.
`Additionally a network (“multicast network”) ofnodes is
`known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,51 1,168 which nodes, however,
`are each part of a hierarchical system. Each node is centrally
`controlled here by means of a central node.
`In11 Oim Shehory et al., Agent Cloning: an Approach to
`Agent Mobility and ResourceAllocation, IEEE Co1nmunica-
`tions Magazine, July 1998, a multi—agent system is described
`comprising agents which can duplicate themselves on remote
`computers when overload of the agent occurs. The duplicate
`agent is hierarchically placed below the original agent. This
`requires an overhead structure. An agent is sent out to perfonn “
`a task, and reports back to its origin.
`In US. Pat. No. 6,085,240 a system ofagents is described.
`The agent devices are managed by an overlaying structure.
`Thus, the system requires an overhead structure.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is an object of the disclosed embodiments to at least
`partially remove the drawbacks mentioned explicitly or
`implicitly.
`To that end certain embodiments provide a device for either
`generating or maintaining an organic data network having a
`dynamic topology, comprising
`a data processing u11it,
`at least one data connection to a data network to which
`several devices provided with a data processing u11it are con-
`nected by means of a data connection. and
`
`2
`
`software having
`a receiving routine for receiving data packages of at least
`one transmitting device in the data network,
`a transmission routine for transmitting data packages,
`received from the transmitting device or devices in the data
`network to at least one receiving device that is connected to
`the data network, independent of the transmitting device or
`devices.
`By choosing such a device an organic data network can be
`guilt up or created in which independent devices according to
`the invention are able to provide other independent devices
`according to the invention with data so that for instance data
`that are available to a network are quickly accessible to any
`given device in a network.
`Additionally it is possible to build up a data network with-
`out hierarchy,
`in contrast to the classic networks and the
`i11ter11et. After all, when a server fails or gets overloaded very
`many computers drop out of the network. It is possible there-
`fore, using a device according to the invention, to build or
`maintain a network having a very low failure sensitivity.
`Additionally it is possible to set up a reliable “streaming”
`video or audio broadcast via the intemet or another similarly
`organised network.
`For that matter numerous applications of so—called peer—to—
`peer networks that may or may not have client/server tech-
`nology are known.
`However, an organic network having a dynamic topology
`wherein data transfer between server and client takes place
`like in the device according to the invention, is not described
`in them. In confonnity with the device according to certain
`embodiments, it is namely possible that the same peer at one
`moment acts as server having a second peer as client a11d at
`another moment acts as client of the second peer now acting
`as server, without a control being at the basis thereof. The two
`devices change role on their own initiative.
`Content as meant in the present invention relates to the data
`such as music in digital form, converted images in digital
`form, data base information, simple ascii data, but all other
`possible data as well. This is the infonnation that l1as to be
`distributed to as many devices as possible when they request
`such. For instance in i11ternet terms, streaming video or
`streaming audio can be thought of. In this case the quality of
`a data connection is particularly important. Content namely is
`generally divided into smaller data packages, that are subse-
`quently transmitted. In case of a streaming audio or video
`application the sequential order of several data packages is of
`importance because en route delaying during the transmis-
`sion of a data package results in an irregular broadcast.
`A data processing unit according to the invention first of all
`relates to a digital data processing unit, or a central processing
`unit, CPU, having ALU, a calculation u11it, such as known
`from the so -called PC or other similar computers. I11 a broader
`sense processors can be thought ofthat may among others be
`placed in mobile phones and other equipment for the (elec-
`tronic) control of internal processes.
`A data storage unit as meant according to the invention may
`be a generally known compute memory (RAM), but also a
`hard disk or another dynamic data storage medium.
`According to the invention a data network does not only
`mean a physically cabled network; it may also comprise a
`series ofdata connections that use electromagnetic waves that
`propagate through the air or an optical cable. Combinations
`are also possible. A physically cabled network may also com-
`prise a data network that uses cabling for co11ducti11g current
`(power voltage). In this text a data network is also called
`network for short.
`
`Ex. 1001
`Page 53 of 60
`
`

`
`US 8,090,862 B2
`
`3
`In this text by a connection first ofall a physical connection
`is meant, for instance a cable, optical cable, electricity cable,
`or any possible physical connection over which data packages
`can be transmitted ir1 electromagnetic form. By connection
`(sometimes called data co1n1ectio11) is also meant a wireless
`connection, such as via infrared or radio waves or otherwise.
`Preferably the software is provided with a transmission
`routine for transmitting the software together with the data
`packages independent ofthe transmitting device. 111 this way
`a new device can quickly be added in the network.
`lr1 an embodiment, the software is provided with a test
`routine for testing connections with other devices in the data
`network.
`in the same or another embodiment in a
`Additionally,
`device according to the invention the software is provided
`wi 1 a transmission routine for transmitting data packages to
`receiving devices i11 the data network devices other than the
`transmitting and receiving device sin the network ordering to
`tha end.
`n the same or another embodiment of the invention, the
`sofware comprises a conversion routine for either converting
`or transforming the data packages.
`11 the same or another embodiment of the invention, the
`sofware is provided with an evaluation routine for evaluating
`the quality of the data connections.
`n the same or another embodiment of the invention, the
`sofware is further provided with a11 inventory routine for
`ma <ing an inventory of a least a number of the other devices
`in re data network, and trying out the connection to another “
`device in the data network for transmitting andjor receiving
`when existing connections are broken off or come below a
`threshold value.
`n the same or another embodiment of the invention, the
`device is provided with a memory for storing a data network ’ '
`address of at least one other device in the data network.
`11 the same or another embodiment of the invention, the
`software is provided with a decision routine which on the
`basis ofpredetermined criteria decide to make a new connec-
`tion to either an additional device or another transmitting
`device.
`In the same or another embodiment of the invention. the
`device is provided with an enviromnent evaluation routine for
`asking for addresses of devices that are connected to the
`transmitting and/or receiving devices. In this way a device
`can operate even better autonomously in the network and
`change the topology.
`Additionally the invention relates to software, suitable for
`a device described above. Said software may for instance be ,
`placed on a data carrier such as, by way of example, a CD,
`DVD, oatomagnetic disk, tape, but also in a IC such as a
`PROM, EPROM, or directly on a produced IC.
`The present disclosure moreover relates to a method for
`setting up and maintaining an organic data network, ofwhich
`the nodes are provided with a data processing unit and soft-
`ware having
`a receiving routine for receiving data packages of at least
`one transmitting device in the data network,
`a transmission routi