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`0.‘ WITTENSTROM. »
`CASTING APPARATUS.
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`Patented May 5, 1885.
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`Page 1 of 5
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`‘(No Model.)
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`No. 317,063.
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`2' Sheets-4Sheet; 2.
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`O._WITTENSTROM.
`CASTING APPARATUS.
`PatentedMay 5, 1885.
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`Page 2 of 5
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`UNITED ' STATES PATENT OFFICE.
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`CARL WITTENSTRtlM, OF STOGKHOLM, SWEDEN.
`
`‘ CASTING ‘APPARATUS.
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`SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,063, dated May 5, 1885.
`Application ?led April15, 1884. (No model.)
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`“To all whom it may concern:
`Be it known that I, CARL WITrENs'rRoi/r,
`engineer, a subject of the King of Sweden,-re
`siding at Stockholm, in the Kingdom of
`Sweden, have invented a new and useful Im
`provement in Casting Apparatus, of which
`the following is a speci?cation.
`In casting great numbers of small castings
`from crucibles, when the ironlis very soft or
`poor in carbon, the metal will soon become
`10
`thick, and ?nally solidi?ed, if the‘ crucibles
`contain more than thirty pounds to be poured
`out in from ten to twenty molds, It is all the
`same if the metal is taken from a Siemens
`Martin furnace, and will have to be kept some
`time in a common large ladle, as the casting
`cannot be made directly from the furnace, be
`cause then the‘metal would have to remain too
`long in the furnace, whereby it would produce
`porous, unsound castings. I To obtain good re
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`sults, especially in casting wrought-iron or
`soft steel, the metal should be poured when at
`the right temperature, and quickly and stead
`ily, with an even, full jet, and the jet of metal
`should be protected from oxidation as it is
`poured. To get over all these difficulties and
`to avoid too large a plant of molds, and at the
`same time shorten the pouring period, I have
`devised the casting apparatus herein de-_
`scribed.
`In this invention the proper temperature
`and ?uidity of the metal are maintained dur
`ing the entire‘ pouring period by providing
`the ladle or its lid with a large gas-burner or
`other suitable heating device, whereby the
`temperature of the metal in the ladle may be
`maintained.‘ This gas or other ?ame thus di
`rected into the ladle also serves to protect the
`jet of molten metal from oxidation, as the
`?ame issues out from the lip or mouth of the
`,40
`ladle and surrounds the jet of metal, so as to
`‘ protect it from oxidation. In order to pour
`the metal in a steady, even, full jet, I make
`the tipping-axis of the ladle to coincide with
`the edge of the lip, so that the tipping of the
`ladle does not change the position or direction
`of the jet. The molds are preferably grouped
`on a turn-table or movable support, so that
`they may be quickly brought in succession uns ~
`der the jet, and the turn-table is mounted
`upon wheels, so that it also may be quickly re
`moved. In place ‘of mounting the plant of '
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`molds upon a turn-table, the ladle itself may
`be swung in a crane, so as to be moved in suc
`=~Asin my invention 55
`cession over the molds.
`the gas-burner serves to maintain the‘ tem
`perature and ?uidity of the metal while it is
`being poured from the ladle, I am enabled to ‘
`receive the metal from several crucibles and .
`pour it out without any difficulty, and by using 60
`several such apparatus it will also be possible
`to make small castings of the entire charge of ‘
`a Siemens-Martin furnace, which is impossible
`with any other ladle known to me.
`In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is ‘65‘
`a front View of such a casting apparatus in
`tended to be suspended in a crane, and thus ,
`Fig. 2 is a side I
`be movable over the molds.
`view, and Fig. 3 a plan of the ladle. vFig. 4
`is a side view of a stationary casting appara- 7o
`tus, as also of awagon with a revolving upper
`part or table, to which themolds are attached,
`or on which they are placed. Fig. 5 shows
`the apparatus and wagon in plan.
`This casting apparatus is so constructed 75-"
`that the tipping-axle of the ladle coincides
`with the edge of the lip, by which the ad
`vantage is attained that the jet does not change
`position during casting, and makes it easy to
`pour right into the gate of the mold,which'is 80
`a great advantage, as-before mentioned. Fur
`thermore, these castingladles are covered with ‘
`a lid, in which a large gas-burner is inserted.
`One arrangement of this ‘burner is shown in
`section in Fig.‘ 6. The object of i this burner 85
`is to heat the ladle by a gas-?ame before the
`casting operation, if desirable, and to keep
`the metal ?uidduring the whole pouring pe
`riod, and to prevent any cold iron from adher- '
`ing to the lip of the ladle, and,?nally, to pro- 9o
`tect the running metal from being‘ oxidized,
`because the ?ame escapes ‘over the lip‘ to
`gether with the metal and'surrounds [the lat
`ter. If, ‘for reasons of economy,coke or other
`solid fuel is to be used for heating the ladle 95
`before the casting,air only is admitted through
`the burner to keep up the combustion of this
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`fuel.
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`Figs. 1, 2, and 3 illustratethe movable cast- ,
`ing apparatus, and therein A is the casting
`IOO
`ladle proper, covered with the lid 13, both made
`of thin iron plates lined with ?re-clay. Both
`the lid and the ladle have‘?anges c c, which
`unite as shown, and form a hinge at d, for guid- .
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`ing the~ lid when opened for ?lling the ladle
`with molten metal. The lid may be opened
`by means of a loose key threaded over the
`lugs e on the lid.
`5
`f is the gas-burner in the upper part of the
`lid, to which gas and air (blast) are conducted
`through ?exible tubes attached to the pipes g
`and h. To completely mix the gas and air
`they are compelled to pass through a perfo
`rated ?re-brick, t’, ?tted into the lower part of
`IO
`the burner. (See Fig.6.) The ?ame and pro
`ducts of combustion from this burner escape,
`after heating the ladle and the metal, through
`the mouth k, formed by lips bulged out half in
`the ladle and half in the lid.
`The ladleA, whichis hinged upon pivots
`located at Z Z, is supported by two triangular
`iron frames, at a, united at the back upon a
`level with the pivots by the connecting-piece
`0, on which the ladle rests with the lugs 19 p.
`The frame-work is held together at the top by
`a bolt or shaft, (1, passing also through a loop,
`7', for the crane-hook s, and between the shanks
`of this loop a chain-wheel, t, is mounted. On
`the same shaft q, outside the frame-work, is
`mounted a worm-wheel, a, in which the worm
`1; gears. The axle of this worm is carried in
`bearings attached to one of the frames m, and
`is provided with the hand-wheel m. By turn
`ing this handwheel :0, the worm o, the worm
`wheel a, and the chain-wheel t are put in ro
`tation,and the chain y, ?xed to the bottom of
`the ladle A and to the chain-wheel t, is rolled
`up on the latter, whereby the ladle is tipped
`with ease and precision.
`The ?exible tubes through which the gas
`and the air are conducted to the pipes g and
`h follow the movements of the crane-postand
`the gib, and to avoid ruptures the pipes g h
`are articulated at z. The ?exible tubes are
`provided with common regulating cocks or
`valves; but these, as well as the way in which
`the tubes are carried along the crane, are not
`shown in the drawings.
`In the stationary apparatus, Figs. 4 and 5,
`the ladle A, with its lid B and burner f, is of
`the same construction as that just described.
`Gas and air are led separately through the
`pipes 51 g g g and h ih It I; and mingle to
`gether in the ascending pipe a’, whence they,
`passing through the pipe 5’, enter the burner
`in the upper part of the lid. The pipes g h
`are provided with joints at c’ d’, to permit the
`oscillation of the lid in opening, and similar
`joints are also provided therein at e’ f’, to per
`mit the tipping of the ladle in pouring. The
`supply of gas and air is regulated by cocks or
`valves. (Not shown in the drawings.) The tip
`ping of the ladle is effected here by means of
`a similar hand-wheel, w, worm c, and worm
`wheel tr, in connection with two chain-wheels,
`t t, and two chains, 3/ y, fastened to the lower
`part of the ladle.
`g’ g’ are counter-weights on the chains to
`equalize the weight of the ladle.
`The lid may be opened by means of a loose
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`key ?tting on a bolt, h’, ?xed in the T-piece
`of the pipe a’.
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`The ladle, which rests directly on the pipes
`g h, to which it is attached by four screw
`threaded hooks and nuts, Ii’ 2'’, is, together with
`all its parts, mounted on a frame-work of gas
`pipes, standing in sockets 7c’, ?xed to the bed
`plate l’.
`The wagon for the molds is made of cast
`iron and mounted on wheels 12’, and movable
`along rails or on the ?oor. The upper part,
`0’, of the wagon is revolving, forming a sort of
`turn-table, upon the circumference of which
`the molds may be attached in the same way
`as described and shown in my UnitedlStates
`Patent N 0. 250,865, of December 13, 1881.
`Such a mold is to be seen in the drawings at
`m’. The number of molds that can be used
`depends on the size of the turn-table. The
`85
`turn-table rests with a projecting circular rib,
`p’, on the under side on four wheels, q’, mounted
`in the frame r’ of the wagon, as seen in the
`drawings; but this arrangement can, of course,
`be varied.
`'
`\Vhat I claim is—
`1. The combination, in a casting apparatus,
`of a turn-table, having a series of molds
`,mounted thereon, with a covered tilting ladle
`having its pouring-mouth coincident with its
`tipping-axis, and provided with connections
`supplying gas and air to the interior above the
`level of the metal, so that the ?ame produced
`within the vessel will issue at its pouring
`mouth as the pouring is being done, substan
`tially as speci?ed.
`2. A covered casting ladle or vessel closed
`with the exception. of its pouring lip or mouth,
`both cover and ladle being arranged to be
`capable of tilting together, and having con
`nections for the supply of gas and air to the
`interior above thelevel of the metal, and hav
`ing its pouring lip or mouth located near the
`top of the vessel-—that is to say, about the level
`of the metal when the pouring is being done
`so that the ?ame produced within the vessel
`will also issue at the pouring lip or mouth,
`substantially as speci?ed.
`3. A casting ladle or vessel closed with the
`exception of its pouring lip or mouth, and hav
`ing connections supplying gas and air to the
`interior above the level of the metal, produc
`ing a ?ame within the vessel, which issues at
`the pouring lip or mouth as its only exit, sub
`stantially as speci?ed.
`4- A covered casting ladle or vessel, both
`cover and ladle being arranged to be capable
`of tilting together, having its pouring lip or
`mouth located at about the level of the metal
`as the same is being poured, and provided
`with connectionssupplying gas and air to the
`interior above the level of the metal, so that
`the ?ame produced within the vessel will issue
`at the pouring lip or mouth as the pouring is
`being done to protect the stream of molten
`metal, substantially as speci?ed.
`5. The combination of the ladle A and its
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`7. The combination of a supporting-frame
`lid B, hinged thereto, the burner ffproject-
`ing through said lid, and the air and gas pipes with a covered tilting ladle, hinged thereto by
`g h, communicating with said burner, substan- pivots Z Z, and ‘having a pouring-lip coinci
`tially as speci?ed.
`dent with said pivots, chain y, wheel as, worm- 15
`6. A covered tilting ladle or vessel having wheel u, and worm o, for tilting said ladle, _
`its pouring lip or mouth coincident with its substantially as speci?ed.
`__
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`. tipping-axis, and provided with connections >
`‘
`CARL WITTENSTROM.
`for supplying gas and air to the interior above
`Witnesses:
`I
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`the level of the metal, so that the'?ame pro-
`I ALBERT NlLssoN,
`~10 duced within the vvessel will issue at its pour-
`J. F. BAOKLUND,
`ing-mouth, substantially as speci?ed.
`Both of Stockholm.
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`if,
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`Page 5 of 5