pt-0
`
`1.::-Hrnm--nuu..;....-_..4..~
`3DOIO’t_n.:sr:n:n-'."-'-u3::mi’
`
`.3‘en51-+4;
`
`E E 1 2 1
`
`trough \'trof, 'troth. by bakers often 'tr6\ n, pl trou hs \'trofs, 'trovz;
`‘truths, 'tro(1h)z; 'tr5z\ |_'ME, fr. OE (rag; akin to 0 G tmg trough, op;
`tréow tree, wood — more at TREE]
`ef. 12c)
`1 a : a. long shallow of.
`ten V-shaped receptacle for the chi
`'ng water or feed of domestic an.
`imals b : any of various domestic or industrial containers 2 a : a
`conduit, drain. or channel for water: esp : a gutter along the eaves of 3
`building 11 : a long and narrow or shallow charmel or depression (3,
`between waves or hills); em : a long but shallow depression in the bed
`of the sea —- compare TRENCH 3 : the minimum point of a completg
`cycle of a periodic function: as a : an elongated area of low baromet.
`rlc pressure h : the low point in abusiness cycle
`trounce \'traun(t)s\ vt trounced; trounc-Ing [origin unknown] (1863)
`: to thrash or punish severely'._esp : to defeat decisively
`‘troupe \'tri.'1p\ n [F. fr. MF —_'- more at moor] (1776) : comrgm,
`moor; esp : a group of theatrical performers
`‘troupe vi trouped; troup-Ing (1851) : to travel in a troupe; also : tn
`perform as a member of a theatrical troupe '
`-'
`troup-er \'tril-par\ n (1890) _1 : a member of a troupe; esp : Aaron 2
`: a person who deals with and“persists through difficulty or hardship
`without complaint (you're a re ~ to wait so long)
`trou-pi-at \‘tr11-pé-al\ r: [F tmupiale, fr. troupe; _fr. its living in flocks]
`(1825) : a large brightly colored oriole (lcrenu xcterus) of Central and
`So. America; also : an of various related birds (family Icteridae)
`ltrou-ser \'trau-zar\ n alter. of earlier trause, fr. ScGael rribbhas] (1631)
`: ’1>AI~r1‘ 1 ——- usu. used in pl.
`'
`'
`‘trouser ad)‘ (ca. 1771)
`1 : of, relating to, or designed for trousers (~
`pockets) 2 : of or relating to a male dramatic role played by a woman
`trouser suit 2: (1939) chiefly Brit : rnmsmr
`trous-seau \'tr-ii-(.)s6, tru—'\ n, pl trous-seaux \-(.)s6z, -'s6z\ or trous-
`seaus [[7, fr. OF, dim. of trauma bundle, fr. trousser to truss] (1817)
`: the personal possessions of a bride usu. including clothes, accessories,
`and household linens and wares
`trout \'traut\ n, pl trout also trouts IME, fr. OE trflht, fr. LL tracta,
`tructa, a fish with sharp teeth. fr. Gk tra“k2‘és, lit, gnawer, fr. trégein to
`gnaw —- more at TROGLODYTE] (bef. 12c) 1.: any of various salmonid
`food and sport fishes that are mostly smaller than the typical salmons
`and are anadroruous or restricted to cool clear freshwater: a : any of
`various Old or New World fishes (genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus) -
`compare nnown rnour, RAINBOW moor b : icr-ma 2 : any of var.
`ious fishes (as the largemouth bass) held to resemble the true trouts
`trout lily n Iprob. fr. its speckled leaves] (ca. 1898) IDOGTOOTI-I vror.1=.1'
`trout—perch \'tra1'1t-.p::reh\ n (1883) : a small freshwater fish (Percapsis
`amiscomaycus of the family Percopsidae) chiefly of northern No.
`America having a scaleless head-and large eyes
`_
`trouty \'trau-té\ adj trout-I-er; -est (1676) : containing or likely to con-
`tain abundant trout (a ~ stream)
`1;-uu.vére \t1-fi—'ver\ n [F, fr. OF troveor, rroverre, fr. trover to compose,
`find, fr. VI. *tropare — more at rnouannounl (1795) : one of a school
`of poets who flourished from the 11th to the 14th centuries and who
`composed mostly narrative works (as chansons de geste and fabliaux)
`-- compare TROUBADOUR
`trove \'trov\ 7: [short for treasure trove] (1888)
`1 : mscovenv, FIND
`2 : a valuable collection : nuansuruz; also : HAUL. COLLECTION
`tro.ver \'u-6-v9r\ n LAP, finding, trover, fr. traver to find] (1594) : a
`common law action to recover the value of goods wrongfully conven-
`ed to another's own use
`trow \'tr6\ vb IME, fr. OE tréowan; akin to OE tréowe faithful, true —
`more at TRUE] (bef. 12c)
`1 obs : BELIEVE 2 archaic :'r1-LINK
`‘trow-el \'trau(-a)l\ n we tmel, fr. AF, fr. LL
`truella, fr. L trulla ladle] (13c) : any of various
`hand tools used to apply. spread, shape, or
`smooth loose or plastic material; also : a scoop=
`shaped or flat-«bladed garden tool for taking up
`and setting small plants
`‘trowel vt -eled or —elled; -el-ing or -el-lln (ca.
`1670) : to smooth. mix, or apply with or as ‘ with
`a. trowel —- trow-el-er 7:
`tray \'troi\ ad)’
`[lVl'E troye, prob. fr. Trayev,
`trowel:
`1 garden-
`France] (l5c) : expressed in troy weight
`troy weight n (l5c) : a series of units of weight egs 2 phstarerrs 3
`based on a pound of 12 ounces and an ounce of
`’b,]nk|aye,I5 '
`480 grains — see WEIGHT table
`tru-an-cy \'trLi-an(t)-sé\ n, pl -cies (1784) : an act or instance of playing
`truant : the state of being truant
`‘tru-ant \'trii-ont\ 71 [ME, Vagabond, idler, fr. AF, of Celt origin: aldn to
`Olr trdgdn wretch, trfiag wretched] (140) : one who shirks duty; exp
`1 one who stays out of school Without permission
`ztruant adj (1561)
`1 : shirklng responsibility 2 : being, resembling. or
`characteristic of atruant
`_ _ _
`_
`"truant vi (1580) : to idle away time esp. while Plilying lruant
`truant officer n (1868) : a person employed by a public-school system
`to investigate the continued absences of pupils ———- called also atten-
`dance oflicer, truancy officer
`_
`tru-ant-ry \'tril-an-tre\ n, pl -rles (15c) : rnumcr
`‘truce \'trils\ 71 [ME trewes, pl. of trewe agreement, fr. OE tréow fidelity:
`akin to OR tréowe faithful — more at TRUE] (Be)
`1 : a suspension of
`fighting esp. of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces
`: ARMISTICE, CEASB-FIRE
`2 : a respite esp. from a disagreeable or
`painful state or acfion
`_
`‘truce vb truced; true-lng vi (15c) : to make a truce ~ vt : to end wlth
`a truce
`‘truck \'trck\ vb [ME trukken, fr. AF "‘truker, *trakzr, fr. VL *troc-care,
`prob. of irnit. origin] vt (13c)
`1 : to give in exchange : SWAP 2 : to
`barter or dispose of by barter ~ vi
`1 : to exchange commodities
`e
`tngs
`:1BaAJ1_1TBR 2 : to negotiate or traffic esp. in an underhanded way : have
`‘truck )1 1553)
`1 : BARTER 2 : commodities appropriate for barter or
`for sm I trade 3 : close association or connection (will have no ~
`with crooks) 4 : payment of wages in goods instead of cash 5 H168‘
`etables grown for market 6 : heterogeneous small articles often of lit-
`3 tie value; also : Rlnanrsn
`truck n [prob. back-formaflon fr. Iruckle small wheel -— more at
`mucxtn BED] (1611)
`1 : a small wheel; specif : a small strong wheel
`for a gun carriage 2 : a small wooden cap at the top of a flagstaff or
`
`
`
`GE-1011.001
`
`1342
`
`tropopause o truck
`
`and myosin and that when combined with calcium ions permits muscu-
`lar contraction
`tro-po-pause \'tr6-pa-.poz, -us:-\ n EISV troposphere + pause] (1918)
`: the region at the top of the troposphere; also : a comparable layer of a
`celestial body
`tro-po-sphere \'tr6-pa-.sfir, 'tr5i-\ It RSV] (1909) : the lowest densest
`part of the earth's atmosphere in which most weather changes OCGU-I‘
`and temperature generally decreases rapidly with altitude and which
`extends from the earth's surface to the bottom of the stratosphere —
`tro-no-spher-ic \.tro-pa-‘stir-ik, .tr5-, -'sfer-\ ca?
`_
`‘ ‘
`_'
`tro-pa-lax-Is \.tr6-pa-'tak-sea, .t1i-\ n [NL] (1934) : a taxis in Wl'11C]1 an
`organism orients itself by the simultaneous comparison of stimuli of
`different intensity acting on separate end organs
`-tropcus adi comb form [Gk -tropes, fr. trepein to turn] : turning or
`curving in (such) a way : exhibiting (such) a tropism (anatropous)_ -_
`-tropy n combform [F -tropre, fr. Gk -tropic, fr. -tropes]
`1 : condition
`of exhibiting (such) a. behavior (allorropy) 2 : change in a (specified)
`1 way or_in response to a (specified) stimulus (thixotropy)
`_
`trot \‘trat\ 11 {ME, fr. AF, fr. rroter to trot, of Gmc origin; akin to OI-{G
`trotfo'n to tread, OE tredan] (Mo)
`1 a (1) : a. moderately fast gait of a
`quadruped (as a horse) in which the legs move in diagonal pairs
`(2) : a
`jogging gait of a human that falls between a walk and a run b : a ride
`on horseback 2 : an old woman 3 : a literal translation of a foreign
`text 4 pl : D1AR.R1-Isa — used with the
`‘trot vb trot-ted: trot-ling vi (l4c)
`1 : to ride, drive, or proceed at a trot
`the fox trotted over the knoll) 2 : to proceed briskly : HURRY ~ vt
`: to cause to go at a trot 2 : to traverse at a trot
`atrot n (1883) : TROTLINE; also : one of the short lines with hooks that
`are attached to a trotline at intervals
`Trot \'tr§t\ n (1962)
`: an adherent of Trotslcylsm :
`'1'no'rsKY‘ls'l‘,
`TRUISKYITB
`‘truth \'tritl1, 'troth, ‘troth. or with m\ 71 [ME trouth, fr. OE tréawth -
`more at morn] (Dc)
`1 : loyal or pledged faithfulness : FIDELITY
`(pledged my ~) 2 : one’s pledged word (I don't remember the details
`or, by my rv, even the gist -—Stanley Elkin); also : BETROTHAL
`fitroth vt (14c) :1=LeDce, BETROTI-I
`'
`troth-pl: ht \'trith-.plit, ‘troth-, 'tréth—\ vi (140) archaic : BETROTH
`ztroihplig t n (1513) archaic : nernornnt
`trot-Ime \'n-51-.lin\rx lprob. fr. ’trot] (1826) : SBTLINE; esp : a. compara-
`tively short setline used near shore or along streams
`trot out vi (1836)
`1 : to lead out and show the paces of (as a horse) 2
`: to bring forward for display or use (trotted out a new excuse)
`Trots-ky-ism \'trat-skE-.1-zam, ‘trot-\ n (1925) : the political, economic,
`and social principles advocated by Trotsky: esp : the theory and prac-
`tice of communism developed by or associated with Trotsky and usu.
`including adherence to the concept of worldwide revolution as op-
`posed to socialism in one country — Trots-ky-ist \-ské-ist\ n or ad)‘ —
`Trots-ky-ite \-ské-.it\ n or adj
`trot-tor \'tr:'«i-tcr\ rt 04:)
`1 : one that trots; mecif : a standardbred
`horse trained for harness racing 2 : a pig’: loot used as food
`trou-ba-dour \'tril-be-.dér, -.d1'1r\ 7: IF, fr. Old Occitan trobatlor, fr.
`rrobar to compose, fr. VL ‘Tropare, fr. L trapus trope] (ca. 1741)
`1
`: one of a class of lyric poets and poet-musicians often of knightly rank
`who flourished from the llth to the end of the 13th century chiefly in
`the south of France and the north of Italy and whose major theme was
`courtly love —— compare rnouvisnn 2 : a singer esp. of folk songs
`‘trou-ble \'tra-b:1\ vb trou-bled: trou-bllng \‘tra-b(:v-)llr|\ l‘lvl.E, fr. AF
`tmbler, fr. VL “turbulare, fr. *turbuIu.s agitated, alter. of L turbulentus
`— more at TURBULENT] vt (l3c)
`1 a : to agitate mentally or spiritual-
`ly : WORRY, DISTURB b (1) archaic : MISTREAT, orrruzss
`(2) : to pro-
`duce physical disorder in : AFFLIC1‘ (troubled by a cold) c : to put to
`exertion or inconvenience (I'm sorry to «w you) 2 : to put into con-
`fused motion (the wind troubled the sea) A-4 V!
`1 : to become mental-
`ly agitated : woxuw (refused to ~ over trllles) 2 : to make an effort
`: be at pains (did not ~ to come) —- trou-bier \-b(a-)lor\ n
`ztroublen (Be)
`1 : the quality or state of being troubled esp. mentally
`2 : public unrest or disturbance (there‘s r_~ brewing downtown) 3
`: an instance of trouble (used to disguise her frustrations and despair
`by making light of her ~.r ———C’urrent Biog.) 4 : a state or condition of
`distress, annoyance, or difficulty (in ~ with the law) (heading for ~)
`(got into financial ~): as a : a condition of physical distress or ill
`health : ALLMENT (back ~) (heart ~) b : a condition of mechanical
`malfunction (engine ~) I: : a condition of doing something badly or
`only with great difficulty (has ~ reading) (has ~ breathing)
`(I
`: pregnancy out of wedlock (got a girl in ~) 5 : an effort made
`: PAINS (took the ~ to do it right) 6 a : a cause of distress. annoy-
`ance, or inconvenience (don’t mean to be any ~) (what‘s the ~?) h
`: a negative feature : nnnwnncx (the ~ with you is you're too honest)
`(the main es» With electronic systems is the overreliance on them
`money
`———John>Perham)
`I:
`: the unhappy or sad fact (the ~ is, I need the
`troubled adj (Mo)
`1 a : CONCBRNBD, WORKED (~ feelings about the
`decision) b : exhibiting emotional or behavioral problems (a pro-
`gram for ~ youth) 2 : characterized by or indicative of trouble (our
`cw cities) (a gray and ~ sky)
`.
`trou-ble-mak-er \'tre-bcl«.mi-kar\ 7: (ca. 1914) : a person _who con-
`:1 ant
`seiiiously or unconsciously causes trouble —— trou-ble-mak-Ing \-ldIJ\
`Irou-hle-shoot \-.shi'rt\ vb -shot \~.sh£it\,- -shoot-lng {back-formation
`fr. fraubleshoater] vi (1918) : to operate or serve as atroubleshooter (is
`~ing for an electronics firm) ~ vt : to investigate or deal with in the
`role of troubleshooter (~s TV receivers) (~ 3.
`roblern)
`trou-ble-shoot-er \-.shf1-tar\ n (1905)
`1 : a sk led worker employed
`
`0 ocac on can in er paltlttrblda.ke'rsi
`
`nmachin dthil’eryan ec nca equip-
`
`ment 2 : an expert in resolving diplomatic or political disputes‘ : a me-
`diator of disputes that are at an irn asse 3 : a person skilled at solving
`or anticipating problems or diftlc ties
`trou-ble-some \-sam\ orb’ (1542)
`1 : nmrrcuur, aunmznsomz '2
`: giving trouble or anxiety : vexarrous (~ news) ——- trou-ble-some-
`ly adv -— trou-ble-some-ness n
`trou-blous \'tra-b(o-)los\ adi (l5o)
`1 : full of trouble : s'roRMY (these
`as» times) 2 : causing trouble : TROUELESOMB (inflation is a ~ mat-
`ter) —- trou-blous-ly adv — trou-blous-ness n
`
`
`
`GE-1011.001
`
`

`
` Mefriamf
`Webster’s
`Collegiate?
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
`EDITION
`
`Merriam—Webster, Inco
`Springfield, Massachusett,
`
`(1
`
`r
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`
`
`GE-1011.002
`
`GE-1011.002
`
`

`
`
`
`
`Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`._
`.
`Includes index.
`.,
`(Laminated unindexed : alk.-paper) '
`ISBN 978-0-87779-807-1
`(Jacketed hardcover unindeired : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5
`(Leatherlook vvith CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-810-1
`(Canadian)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-813-2
`(International)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-814-9
`ll English ]anguage—Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Merriam-
`Webster, Inc.
`PEl628.M36
`423—dc21
`
`Copyright © 2008 by Merria_rn~W’ebster, Incorporated
`
`
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`
`-
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster's Collegiate“ Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`2003
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam—Webster, Incorporated
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any r_neans—graphic, electronic, or
`mechanical, including photocopying, taping‘, or information storage and retrieval
`systerns—without written permission of the publisher;
`
`Made in the United States of America
`
` 1213’IT:QWV0908
`
` GE-1011.003
`
`I
`A GENUINE LIERRIAM-wniisrnn I
`The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence.‘ It is usedby a
`number of publishers and may serve rnainly to mislead an ‘unwary
`buyer.
`'
`I
`
`
` Merriam- Webster““' is the name you should "look for when you
`
`
`consider the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books.
`It carries the reputation of a company that has been publishing since '
`1831 and is your assurance "of quality and authority.
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GE-1011.003