April 18, 1967
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`E. H. WILEY
`PHOTOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SYSTEM AND LAMP
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`3,314,331
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`Filed April 29, 1965
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`lnvenrtov'.
`ET'nmeCtCt H. WiLeH
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`HIS A=~l3¢t T‘TWSH
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`Page 1 of 4
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`PHILIPS EXHIBIT 2009
`WAC v. PHILIPS
`IPR2016-01455
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`

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`United States Patent C) "
`lC€
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`re
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`3,314,331
`Patented Apr. 18, 1967
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`3,314,331
`PHOTOGRAPHIC PROJECTION SYSTEM
`AND LAMP
`Emmett H. Wiley, Chesterland, Ohio, assignor to General
`Electric Company, a corporation of New York
`Filed Apr. 29, 1955, Ser. No. 451,874
`11 Claims. (Cl. 88-24)
`This invention relates to photographic projection sys
`tems useful, for example, in movie projectors, and to a
`novel lamp unit especially useful in the system.
`In portable movie projector systems, it has been the
`practice to employ a lamp comprising 'a tubular bulb con
`taining a ?lament and having a base at one end thereof
`for mounting in a suitable socket. In many systems, a
`spherical re?ector behind the lamp re?ects the re'arwardly
`directed light back upon the ?lament, and condensing
`lenses at the front of the lamp concentrate the light upon
`the aperture in the ?lm gate. After passing through the
`?lm at said aperture, the light then passes through pro
`jection lenses for enlargement of the ?lm image. In re
`cent years, in some cases a shallow elliptical condensing
`re?ector has been incorporated within the lamp bulb to
`concentrate the light directly upon the ?lm aperture. _
`In the prior art systems, the lamp ?lament was mounted
`as accurately as possible with respect to the base of the
`lamp, and the lamp socket was mounted in the projector
`in as accurate a relation as possible to the ?lm aperture,
`as were also the condensing lenses and re?ector. How
`ever, the lamp ?lament and the condensing mirror, when
`used, was located an appreciable distance from the lamp
`base and from the socket which was also located an appre
`ciable distance from the ?lm aperture, both vertically
`and laterally. Thereby, slight inaccuracies in the loca
`tion of any of the cooperating elements were multiplied
`by virtue of the relatively large distances or spacings.
`This is especially true of 8 mm. movie systems employing
`a lamp with an enclosed condensing re?ector. Also, if
`the locating surfaces are placed at greater spacings in
`order to minimize angular positional errors, the size of
`the base-socket combination increases which is contrary
`to the needs of a portable device.
`It is therefore an object of the present invention to pro
`vide a projection system which affords a very high degree
`of accuracy of placement of the light source relative to
`the ?lm aperture as well as a very high degree of utiliza
`tion of the light and a very compact or small unit.
`In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the
`objectives are achieved by means of a novel lamp unit
`comprising a light-concentrating re?ector having an annu
`lar ?ange at its mouth or rim and which has ?xedly
`mounted therein a light source which is located in accu
`rate predetermined relationship to the focus of the re?ec
`tor and to its ?ange, together with support or holder
`means including an annular seating shoulder which is
`located in a ?xed predetermined relationship to the ?lm
`aperture and which supports the lamp unit by engage
`ment of the said ?ange on the re?ector of-the lamp unit
`with said seating shoulder. Intermediate reference points
`are eliminated, the lamp unit is mounted in close prox
`imity to the lens aperture, and a high degree of utiliza
`tion of the light and a minimal system size is attained.
`Further features and advantages of the invention will
`appear from the following detailed description and from
`the drawing wherein:
`FIG. 1 is an elevation, in part diagrammatic, of a
`movie projector system in accordance with the invention,
`and showing the lamp unit and its support in full size;
`FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged side and top views; in sec
`tion, of a lamp unit comprising the invention;
`FIG. 4 is a front view of the lamp unit;
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`FIG. 5 is a rear view of the base portion of the FIG.
`2 unit;
`FIG. 6 is an elevation, from the front, of the lamp
`supporting structure shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section of portions
`of the lamp unit and the supporting structure;
`FIGS. 8 and 9 are a side elevation, in section,and a
`rear view of a modi?ed lamp unit;v and
`FIG. 10 is a side elevation, in section, of another form
`of lamp unit.
`Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawing, there are illustrated
`the elements of an optical system for a portable motion
`picture projector, wherein the ?lm gate is represented
`at 1 with its ?lm aperture 2, and the projection lens at 3,
`the illumination being supplied by a lamp unit 4 carried
`by a support member 5. The lamp unit comprises a re
`?ector portion 6, preferably of ellipsoidal shape, having
`a light source 7 at its near focus ]‘1 for concentrating a
`beam of light upon a ?lm in the aperture 2 and toward
`the far focus )2. The re?ector 6 has an annular ?ange
`8 (see also FIG. 2) by which the lamp unit is supported
`against an annular seating shoulder 9 in the support
`member 5.
`Referring to FIGS. 2 to 5, the lamp unit shown therein
`comprises the glass base re?ector 6 having a collar por
`tion 10 at the margin of an opening at its apex and to
`which is attached a base member 11 which may be of a
`ceramic insulating material and in which is mounted a
`light bulb 12 containing a ?lamentary light source 7.
`The light bulb 12 preferably comprises a bulb 13 which
`30
`, may be of fused silica (quartz) or a material consisting
`essentially of fused silica, such as that known as Vycor,
`having at one end thereof a ?attened pinch seal 14. The
`?lament 7 is preferably a coiled-coil of tungsten wire
`having single coiled leg portions 15 which extend into the
`pinch seal 14 where they are welded to extremely thin
`‘foil portions ‘16 of rigid molybdenum lead wires 17 which
`have their ends enclosed in and welded to hollow metal
`pin members 18. The bulb 13 is tipped off at its front
`end 19 after being ?lled with an inert gas, such as nitro
`gen, and a quantity of halogen, preferably iodine, al
`though compounds of bromine may be used such as hy
`drogen bromide. The lamp thereby operates with the
`now well-known halogen regenerative cycle whereby the
`bulb walls are maintained clean and free from blacken
`ing, for example in accordance with the broader aspects
`of the teachings of Patent 2,883,571 to Fridrich and
`Wiley. By way of example, the ?lament 7 may now be de
`signed to consume 150 watts at 21 volts for a life of about
`15 hours in a bulb 13 having a maximum outside diam
`eter of approximately % inch. The use of such rela
`tively high voltage in a miniature size light bulb is made
`possible by adaptation of the halogen regenerative cycle
`principle. The small ‘bulb size avoids obstruction of light
`re?ected from the re?ector 6 and which would ohterwise
`have to pass through a large ‘bulb a second time.
`The glass base re?ector ‘6 may be coated on its inner
`surface with a suitable re?ecting coating 20, preferably
`a known type of multiple layer interference ?lm which
`is highly re?ective of visible light and highly transmissive
`of heat or infrared radiations.
`The base member 11 has a main body portion 21 pref
`erably of hollow rectangular form (FIG. 5) having an
`annular open front end 22 abutting the margin or collar
`The back end of the base.
`10 of the re?ector opening.
`member is closed by an end Wall 23 having a pair of
`spaced apertures 24 through which extend the pins 18.
`At the front end of the ‘base there are a pair of forwardly
`protruding arcuate lip portions ‘25 (FIGS. 3 and 4) 'which
`preferably ?t fairly snugly in the base aperture to gen
`erally center the base therein. The light bulb 12 and
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`3,314,331
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`base 11 are ?xedly united with the re?ector 6 by a quan
`tity of cement 26. A small amount of the cement is
`applied to the front face of the annular front end 22 of
`the base to be between said face and the abutting face of
`the re?ector collar 10. The major quantity of the cement
`may be injected into the body of the base through a
`small central aperture 27 in the end ‘wall 23 to embed
`the pinch portion 14 of the light bulb therein and to ?ow
`around the base lips 25 inside the re?ector collar 10,
`whereby to ?rmly unite the lamp and ‘base to the re
`?ector. Before the cement sets hard, the light bulb 12 is
`adjusted in all directions (the pins 18 ?tting loosely in
`the base apertures 24) to optically locate the ?lament
`7 at the near focus f1 of the re?ector 6, the re?ector
`?ange 8 being accurately located with respect to said
`focus f1 and, therefore, also with respect to the ?lament
`7. The small compact size of the lamp unit will be ap
`preciated when it is noted that, in a preferred form, the
`maximum diameter of the ?ange 8 is approximately 2
`inches.
`The particular design of the holder shown in FIGS. 1,
`6 and 7 is merely illustrative of support means for holding
`the lamp assembly by its rim in exact predetermined
`relationship to the ?lm aperture 2, and wherein the lamp
`unit is quickly removable. The said holder comprises
`an upstanding sheet metal plate portion 28 having there
`in an aperture 29 which is bounded by the shoulder por
`tion 9. The ?ange 8 of the lamp unit 4 is held against
`the shoulder 9 in part by an arcuate sheet metal strip
`30 attached to the plate portion 28 in position to be coex
`tensive with part of the shoulder portion 9 (FIGS. 6 and
`7) and form a channel .for receiving part of the ?ange 8.
`At its other side, the ?ange 8 is held against shoulder
`9 by a movable clip member 31 which is pivoted at
`its bottom on a pin 32 in plate 28. The clip 31 is
`Jent to a U-shape (FIG. 7) with the edge of one side
`:urved as shown at 33 to clear the shoulder 9, and
`he other side curved as shown at 34 to clear the main
`Jody portion of the re?ector 6 but overlie the re?ec
`.or ?ange 8. Thus, with the clip 31 swung out, as
`:hown in broken lines in FIG. 6, the lamp unit 4 is in
`;erted to bring the re?ector ?ange 8 against the shoulder
`i and under the strip 30, and the clip 31 is then moved
`0 the closed position shown in full lines to thereby se
`:urely clamp the lamp ?ange as illustrated in FIG. 7.
`)uring insertion of the lamp unit into the holder, it is
`)riented or indexed angularly by placing the base mem
`ter 11 with its narrow side or lateral dimension between
`he prong ends 35 of an indexing strip member 36 which
`xtends upwardly from the base plate portion 37 of the
`.older 5. The lamp ?lament 7 is thereby oriented to the
`esired vertical position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
`Current may be supplied to the lamp ?lament by a suit
`ble connector member 38 which is clipped to the pins 18
`nd carries current supply conductors 39.
`In the lamp unit 411 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, parts
`orresponding to those of the lamp unit shown in FIGS.
`to 5 are similarly marked with the ‘addition of the letter
`2”. In this case, the base portion 11a, including its
`ollow rectangular body portion 21a and end wall 23a,
`formed of glass as a unitary part of the re?ector por
`on 6a. The light bulb 12a has a portion of its pinch
`:al 14a embedded in cement 26a in the body portion of
`ie base member 11a with its pin terminals 18a extending
`trough apertures 24a in the end wall 231: of the base
`ember, and with its ?lament 7a located in exact prede
`rmined relationship to the focus of re?ector 6a and to
`e ?ange 8a at the re?ector rim or mouth. The lamp
`l is interchangeable with the lamp 4 in the support
`ember 5 of FIGS. 1, 6 and 7.
`The lamp 4b shown in FIG. 10 is illustrative of a
`aled beam type unit where in the glass base re?ector 6b
`[S a cover glass 40 fusion sealed thereto to constitute
`e lamp bulb which is evacuated and ?lled with a suit
`>le inert gas such as nitrogen. The bulb 61;, 49b con
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`tains the ?lament 7b which is mounted on and between
`suitable‘ pin terminals 18b sealed through the re?ector 6b.
`The ?ange 8b at the rim of the re?ector 6b is accurately
`formed relative to the location of the ?lament 7b and
`the re?ector focus to provide for accurate location of
`the lamp in the support or holder structure 5 of FIGS.
`1, 6 and 7. In such a lamp it might be preferable to have
`the seating plane at the back side of the ?ange 8b rather
`than at the front side as is the case with the ?ange 8 in
`FIGS. 1 and 2.
`It will be evident that the lamp unit 4 illustrated in
`FIG. 1 is held ?rmly and with a high degree of accuracy
`relative to the ?lm gate 1 and aperture 2 by virtue of the
`engagement of the lamp ?ange 8 with the seating shoulder
`9 of the support member 5, said shoulder 9 being located
`in a plane parallel to, and a predetermined distance from,
`the plane of the ?lm gate 1 and aperture 2, and with
`the axis of said shoulder 9 and the axis of the re?ector 6
`coincident with the optical axis A of the projection sys
`tem. The location of the light source or ?lament 7 of the
`light bulb 12 is well within the relatively deep re?ector 6,
`thereby furtherjcontributing to a high degree of utilization
`of the light for concentration upon the ?lm ‘aperture 2.
`It will further be evident that various modi?cations,
`changes and omissions may be made in details of the
`structures illustrated herein without departing from the
`spirit and scope of the invention ‘as set forth in the append
`ed claims.
`What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters
`Patent of the United States is:
`1. In a photographic projection system including means
`providing a ?lm aperture, a projection lens in front of
`said aperture and light projecting means behind said
`aperture for concentrating a beam of light therethrough,
`said light projecting means comprising a compact lamp
`unit including a concave light-concentrating re?ector fac
`ing said aperture and having an annular ?ange at its
`rim and an opening at its apex, a base member attached .
`?xedly to the back of said re?ector at the margin of said
`opening, said base member having opposite ?at sides de
`?ning a narrow lateral base dimension, a light source
`comprising an unbased compact miniature lamp bulb con
`taining a tungsten ?lament and supported in said base
`with its ?lament located in said re?ector in ?xed prede
`termined accurate relationship to the focus thereof and
`to the said ?ange, said bulb containing a halogen for
`operation of a tungsten-halogen regenerative cycle which
`maintains said compact bulb free from blackening, con
`tact members at the rear of said base electrically con
`nected to the ?lament of said lamp bulb, support means
`including an annular seating shoulder portion located in
`?xed predetermined accurate relationship to said ?lm
`aperture and engageable with the said ?ange on said re
`?ector, means holding said re?ector ?ange securely against
`said seating shoulder with said re?ector and light source
`in accurate predetermined relationship to said ?lm aper
`ture, and indexing means carried by said supporting
`means and engaging the said ?at sides of said base mem
`ber to orient the lamp unit in a predetermined angular
`position. 7
`2. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said base
`member includes a major portion of generally rectangular
`cross section the narrow ?at sides of which de?ne said
`narrow lateral base dimension.
`3. In a photographic projection system including means
`providing a ?lm aperture, a projection lens in front of said
`aperture and light projecting means behind said aperture
`for concentrating a beam of light therethrough, said
`light projecting means comprising a compact lamp unit
`including a concave light-concentrating re?ector of glass
`having thereon a multiple layer interference ?lm which
`re?ects light and transmits heat, said re?ector facing said
`aperture and having an annular ?ange at its rim and an
`opening at its apex, a base member attached ?xedly to
`the back of said re?ector at the margin of said opening,
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`said base member having opposite ?at sides de?ning a
`narrow lateral base dimension, a light source comprising
`an unbased compact miniature lamp bulb containing a
`tungsten ?lament and supported ?xedly in said base with
`its ?lament located in said re?ector in ?xed predetermined
`accurate relationship to the focus thereof and to the said
`?ange, said bulb containing a halogen for operation of a
`tungsten-halogen regenerative cycle which maintains said
`compact bulb free from blackening, contact members at
`the rear of said base electrically connected to the ?lament
`of said lamp bulb, support means including an annular
`seating shoulder portion located in ?xed predetermined
`accurate relationship to said ?lm aperture and engageable
`with the said ?ange on said re?ector, means holding said
`re?ector ?ange securely against said seating shoulder
`with said re?ector and light source in accurate predeter
`mined relationship to said ?lm aperture, and indexing
`means carried by said supporting means and engaging the
`said flat sides of said base member to orient the lamp unit
`in a predetermined angular position.
`4. A system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said base
`member includes a major portion of generally rectangular
`cross section the narrow ?at sides of which de?ne said
`narrow lateral base dimension.
`5. An electric incandescent projection lamp of compact
`size for photographic projection systems comprising a con
`cave light-concentrating re?ector portion having an annu
`lar ?ange at its rim and an opening at its apex, an
`insulating base portion ?xedly united to the back of the
`re?ector portion at the margin of said opening and having
`a closed back end with a pair of spaced apertures there
`through, said base member having opposite ?at sides
`de?ning a narrow lateral base dimension for orienting the
`lamp angularly in an indexing member, a comp act minia
`ture sealed electric lamp bulb containing a tungsten ?la
`ment connected to lead-in wires extending through a pinch
`seal end portion of the bulb which extends into said base
`portion, said lead-in wires terminating in pin portions
`extending through respective said apertures in the end of
`said base portion, said bulb containing a halogen for oper
`ation of a tungsten-halogen regenerative cycle which
`maintains said compact bulb free from blackening, and
`a quantity of cement in said base portion, said pinch seal
`end portion of the bulb being ?xedly embedded in said
`cement with the ?lament in said bulb located in a ?xed
`predetermined relationship to the focus of said re?ector
`and to the ?ange thereon.
`6. A lamp as set forth in claim 5 wherein said base
`member includes a major portion of generally rectangular
`cross section the narrow ?at sides of which de?ne said
`narrow lateral base dimension.
`7. An electric incandescent projection lamp of com
`pact size for photographic projection systems comprising
`a concave light-concentrating glass base re?ector member
`with a re?ecting coating on its inner surface and having
`an annular ?ange at its rim and an opening at its apex,
`a hollow rectangular insulating base member adapted for
`engagement of its narrow lateral dimension in an index
`ing means for angular orientation of the lamp, said base
`having an annular open end abutting the margin of the
`opening in said re?ector and having a closed back end
`with a pair of spaced apertures therethrough, a compact
`miniature sealed electric lamp bulb containing a tungsten
`?lament connected to lead-in wires extending through a
`pinch seal end portion of the bulb which extends into
`said base member, said lead-in wires terminating in pin
`portions which extend through respective said apertures
`in the end of said base member, said bulb containing a
`halogen for operation of a tungsten-halogen regenerative
`cycle which maintains said compact bulb free from black
`ening, and a quanity of cement in said base member and
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`uniting said base member with said re?ector member,
`said pinch seal end portion of the bulb being ?xedly
`embedded in said cement with the ?lament in said bulb
`located in a ?xed predetermined relationship to the focus
`of said re?ector and to the ?ange thereon.
`8. A lamp as set forth in claim 7 wherein said re?ecting
`coating is a multiple layer interference ?lm which re?ects
`light and transmits heat.
`7
`9. An electric incandescent projection lamp of compact
`size for photographic projection systems comprising a
`concave light-concentrating glass base re?ector member
`with a re?ecting coating on its inner surface and having
`an opening at its apex with a unitary ‘hollow glass base
`portion extending rearwardly from the margin of said
`' opening and having a closed back end with a pair of
`spaced apertures therethrough, said base portion 'Leing
`generally rectangular in cross section and adapted for
`engagement of its narrow lateral dimension in an indexing
`means for angular orientation of the lamp, a compact
`miniature sealed electric lamp bulb containing a tungsten
`?lament connected to lead-in wires extending through a
`pinch seal portion of the bulb which extends into said
`base portion, said lead-in wires terminating in pin por
`tions extending through respective said apertures in the
`end of said base portion, said bulb containing a halogen
`for operation of a tungsten-halogen regenerative cycle
`which maintains said compact bulb free from blackening
`and a quantity of cement in said base portion, said pinch
`seal end portion of the bulb being ?xedly embedded in
`said cement with the ?lament in said bulb located in a
`?xed predetermined relationship to the focus of said
`re?ector and to the flange thereon.
`19. A lamp as set forth in claim 9 wherein said re?ect
`ing coating is a multiple layer interference ?lm which.
`re?ects light and transmits heat.
`11. An electric incandescent projection lamp, com
`prising a concave light-concentrating glass base re?ector
`member with a re?ecting coating on its inner surface and
`having an annular ?ange at its rim and an opening at its
`apex, a hollow rectangular insulating base member having
`an annular open end abutting the margin of the opening
`in said re?ector and having a closed back end with a
`pair of spaced apertures therethrough, a sealed electric
`lamp bulb containing a ?lament connected to lead-in
`wires extending through a pinch seal end portion of the
`bulb which extends into said base member, said lead-in
`wires termintaing in pin portions which extend through
`respective said apertures in the end of said base member,
`and a quantity of cement in said base member ‘and uniting
`said base member with said re?ector member, said pinch
`seal end portion of the bulb being ?xedly embedded in
`said cement with the ?lament in said bulb located in a
`?xed predetermined relationship to the focus of said re
`?ector and to the ?ange thereon, said base member having
`lip portions projecting forwardly from its annular open
`end into the opening in said re?ector and anchored there
`in by a portion of said cement.
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`References ‘Cited by the Examiner
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`7/1928 Pund ____________ __ 313—318
`1,675,380
`2/1935 Roper et al. _______ __ 240——41
`1,992,041
`9/1945 Kingslake et al. _____ __ 88—24
`2,384,624
`1/1953 Lamb ___________ __ 313-—318
`2,627,048
`2/ 1962 Cooper __________ __ 313-222
`3,022,438
`4/1965 Anton _____________ __ 88——24
`3,178,996
`5/1966 Preschel et al ______ __ 313——113
`3,249,789
`5/1966 Dayton et a1 _______ __ 3l,3—113
`3,250,939
`NORTON ANSI-1BR, Primary Examiner.
`R. M. SHEER, Assistant Examiner,
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