PATENT APPLICATION TRANSMITTAL LETTER
`Patent Group
`Foley, Hoag & Eliot LLP
`One Post Office Square
`Boston MA 021 09-2170
`u1fo the Assistant Commissioner for Patents:
`~-'Transmitted herewith for filing under 35 U.S.C. 111 and 37 CFR 1.53 is the patent application of
`9<evin J. Dowling. Frederick M. Morgan. lhor A. Lys. Michael K. Blackwell. Alfred Ducharme. Ralph Osterhout. Colin
`?l='iepgras. George G. Mueller. Dawn Gearv
`~ntitled Light-Emitting Diode Based Products
`'Enclosed are:
`[8J 57
`pages of written description, claims and abstract.
`[8J ll
`sheets of drawings.
`0 an assignment of the invention to.
`0 executed declaration of the inventors.
`0 a certified copy of a __ application.
`0 associate power of attorney.
`0 a verified statement to establish small entity status under 37 CFR 1.9 and 1 .27.
`0 information disclosure statement and cited references.
`D preliminary amendment.
`D A check for $
`
`~ ~§srs
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`::J?!::::/~ 2
`'PO
`~
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`§§§ &
`
`•
`
`CLAIMS AS FILED
`
`NUMBER FILED
`
`~SIC FEE (37 CFR 1.16(a))
`~OTAL CLAIMS (37 CFR 1.16{c))
`
`SH
`
`ij~DEPENDENT CLAIMS (37 CFR 1.16(b ))
`wn
`MULTIPLE DEPENDENT CLAIM PRESENT
`
`RATE
`
`FEE
`
`$710
`
`x$18
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`x$80
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`$270
`
`$710.00
`
`$1,296.00
`
`$800.00
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`$270.00
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`TOTAL
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`$3,076.00
`
`If applicant has small entity status under 37 CFR 1.9 and
`1.27 then divide total fee by 2, and enter amount here.
`
`SMALL ENTITY
`
`$1,538.00
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`S Applicant claims small entity status.
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`D The Commissioner is hereby authorized to charge and
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`credit Deposit Account No. 06-1448 as described below. I
`United States Postal Service as Express Mail, postage prepaid, "Post
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`ar~ h
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`of
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`~~~'~
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`Express Mail Label: EL 719917819US
`
`;£~·~;_2001
`
`20/448515.1
`
`'
`
`Kirk A. Damman
`Reg. No. 42,461
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`Customer No: 25181
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`Docket Number (Optional)
`CKC-
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`1
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`_0
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`019
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`Page 1 of 90
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`PHILIPS EXHIBIT 2013
`WAC v. PHILIPS
`IPR2016-01455
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`

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`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`APPLICATION FOR A PATENT
`
`For
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`6
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`LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE BASED PRODUCTS
`
`Inventors:
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`Kevin J. Dowling-- Westford, MA
`
`Frederick M. Morgan -- Quincy, MA
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`lhor A. Lys --Boston, MA
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`Michael K. Blackwell -- Milton, MA
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`. i} 12
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`Alfred Ducharme- Tewksbury, MA
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`Ralph Osterhout - San Francisco, CA
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`Colin Piepgras - Salem, MA
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`George G. Mueller- Boston, MA
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`Dawn Geary -- Southborough, MA
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`18
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`Attorney Docket: CKC-019.01
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`Page 2 of 90
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`CKC-019.01
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`LIGHT -EMITTING DIODE BASED PRODUCTS
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`Cross Reference to Related Applications
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`This application claims the benefit of, and incorporates by reference, the entire disclosure
`of the following pending United States provisional patent applications:
`
`U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 60/199,333, filed AprilS, 2000; and
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`6
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`U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 60/211,417, filed June 14,2000.
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`This application is a continuation-in-part of, claims priority to, and incorporates by
`reference the entire disclosure of the following pending United States patent applications:
`
`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/215,624, filed Dec. 17, 1998;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/213,607, filed Dec. 17, 1998;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/213,189, filed Dec. 17, 1998;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/213,581, filed Dec. 17, 1998;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/213,540, filed Dec. 17, 1998;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/333,739, filed Jun. 15, 1999;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/344,699, filed Jun. 25, 1999;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/626,905, filed Jul. 27, 2000;
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/669,121, filed Sept. 25, 2000; and
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`U.S. Patent App. No. 09/742,017, filed Dec. 20,2000.
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`CKC-019.01
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`Background of The Invention
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`Lighting elements are sometimes used to illuminate a system, such as a consumer
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`product, wearable accessory, novelty item, or the like. Existing illuminated systems, however,
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`are generally only capable of exhibiting fixed illumination with one or more light sources. An
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`existing wearable accessory, for example, might utilize a single white-light bulb as an
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`illumination source, with the white-light shining through a transparent colored materiaL Such
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`accessories only exhibit an illumination of a single type (a function of the color of the transparent
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`material) or at best, by varying the intensity of the bulb output, a single-colored illumination with
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`some range of controllable brightness. Other existing systems, to provide a wider range of
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`colored illumination, may utilize a combination of differently colored bulbs. Such accessories,
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`however, remain limited to a small number of different colored states, for example, three distinct
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`illumination colors: red (red bulb illuminated); blue (blue bulb illuminated); and purple (both red
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`and blue bulbs illuminated). The ability to blend colors to produce a wide range of differing
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`tones of color is not present
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`Techniques are known for producing multi-colored lighting effects with LED's. Some
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`such techniques are shown in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,016,038, U.S. Patent Application
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`No. 09/215,624, and U.S. Patent No. 6,150,774 the teachings of which are incorporated herein by
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`18
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`reference. While these references teach systems for producing lighting effects, they do not
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`address some applications of programmable, multi-colored lighting systems.
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`For example, many toys, such as balls, may benefit from improved color illumination,
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`processing, and/or networking attributes. There are toy balls that have lighted parts or balls
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`where the entire surface appears to glow, however there is no ball available that employs
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`dynamic color changing effects. Moreover, there is no ball available that responds to data
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`CKC-019.01
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`signals provided from a remote source. As another example, ornamental devices are often lit to
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`provide enhanced decorative effects. United States Patents 6,086,222 and 5,975,717, for
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`example, disclose lighted ornamental icicles with cascading lighted effects. As a significant
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`disadvantage, these systems employ complicated wiring harnesses to achieve dynamic lighting.
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`Other examples of crude dynamic lighting may be found in consumer products ranging from
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`consumer electronics to home illumination (such as night lights) to toys to clothing, and so on.
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`Thus, there remains a need for existing products to incorporate programmable, multi(cid:173)
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`colored lighting systems to enhance user experience with sophisticated color changing effects,
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`including systems that operate autonomously and systems that are associated with wired or
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`wireless computer networks.
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`Summary Of The Invention
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`High-brightness LEDs, combined with a processor for control, can produce a variety of
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`pleasing effects for display and illumination. A system disclosed herein uses high-brightness,
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`processor-controlled LEDs in combination with diffuse materials to produce color-changing
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`effects. The systems described herein may be usefully employed to bring autonomous color-
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`changing ability and effects to a variety of consumer products and other household items. The
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`system may also include sensors so that the illumination of the LEDs might change in response
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`to environmental conditions or a user input. Additionally, the system may include an interface to
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`a network, so that the illumination of the LEDs may be controlled via the network.
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`CKC-019.01
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`Brief Description Of Drawings
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`The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be appreciated more
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`fully from the following further description thereof, with reference to the accompanying
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`drawings, wherein:
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`Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device according to the principles of the invention;
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`Figs 2A-2B are a state diagram showing operation of a device according to the principles
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`of the invention;
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`Fig. 3 shows a glow stick according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 4 shows a key chain according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 5 shows a spotlight according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 6 shows a spotlight according to the principles of the invention;
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`~:~2
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`Fig. 7 shows an Edison mount light bulb according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 8 shows an Edison mount light bulb according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 9 shows a light bulb according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 10 shows a wall socket mounted light according to the principles of the invention;
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`Fig. 11 shows a night light according to the principles of the invention; and
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`Fig. 12 shows a night light according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig. 13 shows a wall washing light according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig.14 shows a wall washing light according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig. 15 shows a light according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig, 16 shows a lighting system according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig. 17 shows a light according to the principles of the invention.
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`Fig 18 shows a light and reflector arrangement according to the principles of the
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`invention.
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`Fig. 19 shows a light and reflector arrangement according to the principles of the
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`6
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`invention.
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`Fig. 20 shows a light and reflector arrangement according to the principles of the
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`invention.
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`Fig. 21 shows a light and reflector arrangement according to the principles of the
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`invention.
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`Fig. 22 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the principles of
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`:rb
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`the invention having internal illumination circuitry;
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`Fig. 23 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the principles of
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`the invention having external illumination circuitry;
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`Fig. 24 depicts an autonomous color-changing shoe according to the principles of the
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`invention;
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`Fig. 25 depicts a device for use with color-changing icicles;
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`Figs. 26-30 depict color-changing icicles; and
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`Fig. 31 depicts a color-changing rope light.
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`Detailed Description ofthe Preferred Embodiment(s)
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`To provide an overall understanding of the invention, certain illustrative embodiments
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`will now be described, including various applications for programmable LED's. However, it
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`will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the methods and systems described
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`herein may be suitably adapted to other environments where programmable lighting may be
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`desired, and that some of the embodiments described herein may be suitable to non-LED based
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`lighting.
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`As used herein, the term "LED" means any system that is capable of receiving an
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`electrical signal and producing a color oflight in response to the signal. Thus, the term "LED"
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`should be understood to include light emitting diodes of all types, light emitting polymers,
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`semiconductor dies that produce light in response to current, organic LEDs, electro-luminescent
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`strips, silicon based structures that emit light, and other such systems. In an embodiment, an
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`~~l2
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`"LED" may refer to a single light emitting diode package having multiple semiconductor dies
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`that are individually controlled. It should also be understood that the term "LED" does not
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`restrict the package type of the LED. The term "LED" includes packaged LEDs, non-packaged
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`LEDs, surface mount LEDs, chip on board LEDs and LEDs of all other configurations. The
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`term "LED" also includes LEDs packaged or associated with phosphor wherein the phosphor
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`may convert energy from the LED to a different wavelength.
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`An LED system is one type of illumination source. As used herein "illumination source"
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`should be understood to include all illumination sources, including LED systems, as well as
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`incandescent sources, including filament lamps, pyro-luminescent sources, such as flames,
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`candle-luminescent sources, such as gas mantles and carbon arch radiation sources, as well as
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`photo-luminescent sources, including gaseous discharges, fluorescent sources, phosphorescence
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`sources, lasers, electro-luminescent sources, such as electro-luminescent lamps, light emitting
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`diodes, and cathode luminescent sources using electronic satiation, as well as miscellaneous
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`luminescent sources including galvano-luminescent sources, crystallo-luminescent sources, kine(cid:173)
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`luminescent sources, thermo-luminescent sources, triboluminescent sources, sonoluminescent
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`sources, and radio luminescent sources. Illumination sources may also include luminescent
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`polymers capable of producing primary colors.
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`The term "illuminate" should be understood to refer to the production of a frequency of
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`radiation by an illumination source with the intent to illuminate a space, environment, material,
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`object, or other subject. The term "color" should be understood to refer to any frequency of
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`radiation, or combination of different frequencies, within the visible light spectrum. The term
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`"color," as used herein, should also be understood to encompass frequencies in the infrared and
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`ultraviolet areas of the spectrum, and in other areas of the electromagnetic spectrum where
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`illumination sources may generate radiation.
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`Figure 1 is a block diagram of a device according to the principles of the invention. The
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`device may include a user interface 1, a processor 2, one or more controllers 3, one or more
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`LEDs 4, and a memory 6. In general, the processor 2 may execute a program stored in the
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`memory 6 to generate signals that control stimulation of the LEDs 4. The signals may be
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`converted by the controllers 3 into a form suitable for driving the LEDs 4, which may include
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`controlling the current, amplitude, duration, or waveform of the signals impressed on the LEDs
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`4.
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`As used herein, the term processor may refer to any system for processing electronic
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`signals. A processor may include a microprocessor, microcontroller, programmable digital
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`signal processor or other programmable device, along with external memory such as read-only
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`memory, programmable read-only memory, electronically erasable programmable read-only
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`memory, random access memory, dynamic random access memory, double data rate random
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`access memory, Rambus direct random access memory, flash memory, or any other volatile or
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`non-volatile memory for storing program instructions, program data, and program output or other
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`intermediate or final results. A processor may also, or instead, include an application specific
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`integrated circuit, a programmable gate array, programmable array logic, a programmable logic
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`device, a digital signal processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, or
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`any other device that may be configured to process electronic signals. In addition, a processor
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`may include discrete circuitry such as passive or active analog components including resistors,
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`capacitors, inductors, transistors, operational amplifiers, and so forth, as well as discrete digital
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`components such as logic components, shift registers, latches, or any other separately packaged
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`chip or other component for realizing a digital function. Any combination of the above circuits
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`and components, whether packaged discretely, as a chip, as a chipset, or as a die, may be suitably
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`adapted to use as a processor as described herein. Where a processor includes a programmable
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`device such as the microprocessor or microcontroller mentioned above, the processor may
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`further include computer executable code that controls operation of the programmable device.
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`The controller 3 may be a pulse width modulator, pulse amplitude modulator, pulse
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`displacement modulator, resistor ladder, current source, voltage source, voltage ladder, switch,
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`transistor, voltage controller, or other controller. The controller 3 generally regulates the current,
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`voltage and/or power through the LED, in response to signals received from the processor 2. In
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`an embodiment, several LEDs 4 with different spectral output may be used. Each of these colors
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`may be driven through separate controllers 3. The processor 2 and controller 3 may be
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`incorporated into one device, e.g., sharing a single semiconductor package. This device may
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`drive several LEDs 4 in series where it has sufficient power output, or the device may drive
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`single LEDs 4 with a corresponding number of outputs. By controlling the LEDs 4
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`independently, color mixing can be applied for the creation of lighting effects.
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`The memory 6 may store algorithms or control programs for controlling the LEDs 4. The
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`memory 6 may also store look-up tables, calibration data, or other values associated with the
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`control signals. The memory 6 may be a read-only memory, programmable memory,
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`programmable read-only memory, electronically erasable programmable read-only memory,
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`random access memory, dynamic random access memory, double data rate random access
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`memory, Rambus direct random access memory, flash memory, or any other volatile or non(cid:173)
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`volatile memory for storing program instructions, program data, address information, and
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`program output or other intermediate or final results. A program, for example, may store control
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`signals to operate several different colored LEDs 4.
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`A user interface 1 may also be associated with the processor 2. The user interface 1 may
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`be used to select a program from the memory 6, modify a program from the memory 6, modify a
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`program parameter from the memory 6, select an external signal for control of the LEDs 4,
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`initiate a program, or provide other user interface solutions. Several methods of color mixing
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`and pulse width modulation control are disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,016,038 "Multicolored LED
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`Lighting Method and Apparatus", the teachings of which are incorporated by reference herein.
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`The processor 2 can also be addressable to receive programming signals addressed to it.
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`The '038 patent discloses LED control through a technique known as Pulse-Width
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`Modulation (PWM). This technique can provide, through pulses of varying width, a way to
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`control the intensity of the LED's as seen by the eye. Other techniques are also available for
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`controlling the brightness of LED's and may be used with the invention. By mixing several hues
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`of LED's, many colors can be produced that span a wide gamut of the visible spectrum.
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`Additionally, by varying the relative intensity of LED's over time, a variety of color-changing
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`and intensity varying effects can be produced. Other techniques for controlling the intensity of
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`one or more LEDs are known in the art, and may be usefully employed with the systems
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`described herein. In an embodiment, the processor 2 is a Microchip PIC processor 12C672 that
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`controls LEDs through PWM, and the LEDs 4 are red, green and blue.
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`Figures 2A-2B are a state diagram of operation of a device according to the principles of
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`the invention. The terms 'mode' and 'state' are used in the following description
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`interchangeably. When the device is powered on, it may enter a first mode 8, for example, under
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`control of a program executing on the processor 2 of Fig. 1. The first mode 8 may provide a
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`color wash, in which the LEDs cycle continuously through the full color spectrum, or through
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`some portion of the color spectrum. In the first mode 8, a rate of the color wash may be
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`determined by a parameter stored, for example, in the memory 6 shown in Fig. 1A. Through a
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`user interface such as a button, dial, slider, or the like, a user may adjust the rate of the color
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`wash. Within each mode, the parameter may correspond to a different aspect of the lighting
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`effect created by the mode, or each mode may access a different parameter so that persistence is
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`maintained for a parameter during subsequent returns to that mode.
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`A second mode 9 may be accessed from the first mode 8. In the second mode 9, the
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`device may randomly select a sequence of colors, and transition from one color to the next. The
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`transitions may be faded to appear as continuous transitions, or they may be abrupt, changing in
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`a single step from one random color to the next. The parameter may correspond to a rate at
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`which these changes occur.
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`A third mode 10 may be accessed from the second mode 9. In the third mode, the device
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`may provide a static, i.e., non-changing, color. The parameter may correspond to the frequency
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`or spectral content of the color.
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`A fourth mode 11 may be accessed from the third mode 10. In the fourth mode 11, the
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`device may strobe, that is, flash on and off. The parameter may correspond to the color of the
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`strobe or the rate of the strobe. At a certain value, the parameter may correspond to other
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`lighting effects, such as a strobe that alternates red, white, and blue, or a strobe that alternates
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`green and red. Other modes, or parameters within a mode, may correspond to color changing
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`effects coordinated with a specific time of the year or an event such as Valentine's Day, St.
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`Patrick's Day, Easter, the Fourth of July, Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Hanukkah, New
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`Years or any other time, event, brand, logo, or symbol.
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`A fifth mode 12 may be accessed from the fourth mode 11. The fifth mode 12 may
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`correspond to a power-off state. In the fifth mode 12, no parameter may be provided. A next
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`transition may be to the first mode 8, or to some other mode. It will be appreciated that other
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`lighting effects are known, and may be realized as modes or states that may be used with a
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`device according to the principles of the invention.
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`A number of user interfaces may be provided for use with the device. Where, for
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`example, a two-button interface is provided, a first button may be used to transition from mode
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`to mode, while a second button may be used to control selection of a parameter within a mode.
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`In this configuration, the second button may be held in a closed position, with a parameter
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`changing incrementally until the button is released. The second button may be held, and a time
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`that the button is held (until released) may be captured by the device, with this time being used to
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`change the parameter. Or the parameter may change once each time that the second button is
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`held and released. Some combination of these techniques may be used for different modes. For
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`example, it will be appreciated that a mode having a large number of parameter values, such as a
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`million or more different colors available through color changing LEDs, individually selecting
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`each parameter value may be unduly cumbersome, and an approach permitting a user to quickly
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`cycle through parameter values by holding the button may be preferred. By contrast, a mode
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`6 with a small number of parameter values, such as five different strobe effects, may be readily
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`controlled by stepping from parameter value to parameter value each time the second button is
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`depressed.
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`A single button interface may instead be provided, where, for example, a transition
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`between mode selections and parameter selections are signaled by holding the button depressed
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`for a predetermined time, such as one or two seconds. That is, when the single button is
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`depressed, the device may transition from one mode to another mode, with a parameter
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`initialized at some predetermined value. If the button is held after it is depressed for the
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`transition, the parameter value may increment (or decrement) so that the parameter may be
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`selected within the mode. When the button is released, the parameter value may be maintained
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`at its last value.
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`The interface may include a button and an adjustable input. The button may control
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`transitions from mode to mode. The adjustable input may permit adjustment of a parameter
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`value within the mode. The adjustable input may be, for example, a dial, a slider, a knob, or any
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`other device whose physical position may be converted to a parameter value for use by the
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`device. Optionally, the adjustable input may only respond to user input if the button is held after
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`a transition between modes.
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`The interface may include two adjustable inputs. A first adjustable input may be used to
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`select a mode, and a second adjustable input may be used to select a parameter within a mode.
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`In another configuration, a single dial may be used to cycle through all modes and parameters in
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`a continuous fashion. It will be appreciated that other controls are possible, including keypads,
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`touch pads, sliders, switches, dials, linear switches, rotary switches, variable switches, thumb
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`6 wheels, dual inline package switches, or other input devices suitable for human operation.
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`In one embodiment, a mode may have a plurality of associated parameters, each
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`parameter having a parameter value. For example, in a color-changing strobe effect, a first
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`parameter may correspond to a strobe rate, and a second parameter may correspond to a rate of
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`color change. A device having multiple parameters for one or more modes may have a number
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`of corresponding controls in the user interface.
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`The user interface may include user input devices, such as the buttons and adjustable
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`controls noted above, that produce a signal or voltage to be read by the processor. They voltage
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`may be a digital signal corresponding to a high and a low digital state. If the voltage is in the
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`form of an analog voltage, an analog to digital converter (AID) may be used to convert the
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`voltage into a processor-useable digital form. The output from the AID would then supply the
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`processor with a digital signal. This may be useful for supplying signals to the lighting device
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`through sensors, transducers, networks or from other signal generators.
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`The device may track time on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or annual basis. Using
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`an internal clock for this purpose, lighting effects may be realized on a timely basis for various
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`Holidays or other events. For example, on Halloween the light may display lighting themes and
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`color shows including, for example, flickering or washing oranges. On the Fourth of July, a red,
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`white, and blue display may be provided. On December 25, green and red lighting may be
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`displayed. Other themes may be provided for New Years, Valentine's Day, birthdays, etc. As
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`another example, the device may provide different lighting effects at different times of day, or
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`for different days of the week.
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`Figure 3 shows a glow stick according to the principles of the invention. The glow stick
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`15 may include the components described above with reference to Fig. 1, and may operate
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`according to the techniques described above with reference to Figs. 2A-2B. The glow stick 15
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`may be any small, cylindrical device that may hang from a lanyard, string, chain, bracelet,
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`anklet, key chain, or necklace, for example, by a clip 20. The glow stick 15, as with many of the
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`lighting devices described herein, may also be used as a handheld device. The glow stick 15
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`may operate from a battery 30 within the glow stick 10, such as an A, AA, AAA sized battery, or
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`other battery. The battery 30 may be covered by a detachable portion 35 which hides the battery
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`from view during normal use. An illumination lens 40 may encase a plurality ofLEDs and
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`diffuse color emanating therefrom. The lens 40 may be a light-transmissive material, such as a
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`transparent material, translucent material, semitransparent material, or other material suitable for
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`this application. In general, the light-transmissive material may be any material that receives
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`light emitted from one or more LEDs and displays one or more colors that are a combination of
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`the spectra of the plurality ofLEDs. A user interface 45 may be included for providing user
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`input to control operation of the glow stick 15. In the embodiment depicted in Fig. 2, the user
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`interface 45 is a single button, however it will be appreciated that any of the interfaces discussed
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`above may suitably be adapted to the glow stick 10. The user interface 45 may be a switch,
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`button or other device that generates a signal to a processor that controls operation of the glow
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`stick 15.
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`Figure 4 shows a key chain according to the principles of the invention. The key chain
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`50 may include a light-transmissive material 51 enclosing one or more LEDs and a system such
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`as the system of Fig. 1 (not shown), a one-button user interface 52, a clip 53 suitable for
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`connecting to a chain 54, and one or more batteries 55. The key chain 50 may be similar to the
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`glow stick 15 of Fig. 2, although it may be of smaller size. To accommodate the smaller size,
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`6 more compact batteries 55 may be used. The key chain 50 may operate according to the
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`techniques described above with reference to Figs. 2A-2B.
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`Figure 5 shows a spotlight according to the principles of the invention. The spotlight 60
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`may include a system such as that depicted in Fig. 1 for controlling a plurality ofLEDs within
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`the spotlight 60, and may operate according to the techniques described above with reference to
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`Figs. 2A-2B. The spotlight 60 may include a housing 65 suitable for use with convention
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`~~~
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`,,
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`lighting fixtures, such as those used with AC spotlights, and including a light-transmissive
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`material on one end to permit LEDs to illuminate through the housing 65. The spotlight
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`configurations may be provided to illuminate an object or for general illumination for example
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`and the material may not be required. The mixing of the colors may take place in the projection
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`of the beam for example. The spotlight 60 may draw power for illumination from an external
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`power source through a connection 70, such as an Edison mount fixture, plug, hi-pin base, screw
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`base, base, Edison base, spade plug, and power outlet plug or any other adapter for adapting the
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`spotlight 60 to external power. The connection 70 may include a converter to convert received
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`power to power that is useful for the spotlight. For example, the converter may include an ACto
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`DC converter to convert one-hundred twenty Volts at sixty Hertz into a direct current at a voltage
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`of, for example, five Volts or twelve Volts. The spotlight 60 may also be powered by one or
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`more batteries 80, or a processor in the spotlight 60 may be powered by one or more batteries 80,
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`with LEDs powered by electrical power received through the connection 70. A battery case 90
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`may be integrated into the spotlight 60 to contain the one or more batteries 80.
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`The connector 70 may include any one of a variety of adapters to adapt the spotlight 60 to
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`a power source. The connector 70 may be adapted for, for example, a screw socket, socket, post
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`socket, pin socket, spade socket, wall socket, or other interface. This may be useful for
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`6
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`connecting the lighting device to AC power or DC power in existing or new installations. For
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`example, a user may want to deploy the spotlight 60 in an existing one-hundred and ten V AC
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`socket. By incorporating an interface to this style of socket into the spotlight 60, the user can
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`easily screw the new lighting device into the socket. US Patent Application No. 09/213,537,
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`entitled "Power/Data Protocol" describes techniques for transmitting data and power along the
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`same lines and then extracting the data for use in a lighting device. The methods and systems
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`disclosed therein could also be used to communicate information to the spotlight 60 of Fig. 4,
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`through the connector 70.
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`Figure 6 shows a spotlight according to the principles of the invention. The spotlight 100
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`may be similar to the spotl