A
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`
`Attorney Docket No. I C01104.70115.US
`
`First Named Inventor or Application Identifier
`
`UTILITY
`PATENT APPLICATION C01104.70115.US
`TRANSMITTAL
`
`Express Mail Label No.
`
`EL 954755976 US
`
`(Only for new nonprovisional applications
`under 37 CFR 1.53(b})
`
`Date of Deposit
`
`December 19, 2002
`
`APPLICATION ELEMENTS
`See MPEP chapter 600 concerning utility patent application contents
`
`ADDRESS Box Patent Application
`Commissioner for Patents
`TO:
`Washington, DC 20231
`
`1. 0 Fee Transmittal Form
`(Submit an original, and a duplicate for fee
`processing)
`
`2. 0 Applicant claims small entity status.
`See 37 CFR 1.27.
`
`3.
`
`IZI Specification -Total pages- 76
`
`71 - pages description
`
`1 - pages abstract
`4 - pages claims
`
`20- Total claims
`
`4.
`
`l21l Drawing(s) (35 USC 113)
`
`69- Total sheets
`
`8. D CD-ROM or CD-R, in duplicate, large table or
`Computer Program (Appendix)
`
`9. 0 Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence
`Submission (if applicable, all necessary)
`
`a.
`b.
`
`C.
`copies
`
`0 Computer Readable Form (CRF)
`0 Specification Sequence listing on:
`i.O CD-ROM or CD-R (2 copies); or
`ii.
`0 paper (identical to computer copy)
`0 Statement verifying identity of above
`
`ACCOMPANYING APPLICATION PARTS
`
`o Informal l21l Formal
`
`69- Total drawings
`
`10. 0 Assignment Papers/cover sheet &
`documents(s)
`
`- Total pages
`
`5. D Oath or Declara~ion
`a. 0 Newly executed (original or copy)
`b. 0 Copy from a prior application (37 CFR 1.63(d))
`(for continuation/divisional with Box 19
`completed)
`[Note Box 6 below)
`0 DELETION OF INVENTOR(S}
`Signed statement attached deleting
`inventor(s) named in the prior application,
`see 37 CFR 1.63(d)(2) and 1.33(b).
`
`i.
`
`6. 0
`
`Incorporation by Reference
`(usable if Box 5b is checked)
`The entire disclosure of the prior application,
`from which a copy of the oath or declaration is
`supplied under Box 5b, is considered as
`being part of the disclosure of the
`accompanying application and is hereby
`incorporated by reference therein. See 19.
`
`7. 0 Application Data Sheet, See 37 CFR 1. 76
`
`11. 0
`
`37 CFR 3. 73(b) Statement
`(when there is an assignee)
`0
`Power of Attorney
`
`12. D English Translation of Document (if
`applicable)
`
`13. 0
`
`Information Disclosure Statement/PT0-1449
`0 Copies of IDS Citations
`
`14. 0
`
`Preliminary Amendment
`
`15. IZI Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503)
`(Should be specifically itemized)
`
`16. D Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`(if foreign priority is claimed)
`
`17. D Request and Certification Under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 122(b )(2)(B)(ii)
`
`
`
`Page 1 of 149
`
`PHILIPS EXHIBIT 2016
`WAC v. PHILIPS
`IPR2016-01455
`
`

`
`Attorney Docket No. C01104.70115.US
`
`Page 2 of4
`
`18. [gJ Other: This Patent Application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119{e) of U.S. Provisional
`Application Serial No. 60/341,898, filed December 19, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for LED Lighting."
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 of each of the following U.S. Provisional
`Applications, as at least one of the U.S. Non-provisional Applications listed below in paragraph 19 similarly is
`entitled to the benefit of at least one of the following Provisional Applications:
`Serial No. 60/071,281, filed December 17, 1997, entitled "Digitally Controlled light Emitting Diodes Systems
`and Methods";
`Serial No. 60/068,792, filed December 24, 1997, entitled "Multi-Color Intelligent Lighting";
`Serial No. 60/078,861, filed March 20, 1998, entitled "Digital Lighting Systems";
`Serial No. 60/079,285, filed March 25, 1998, entitled "System and Method for Controlled Illumination";
`Serial No. 60/090,920, filed June 26, 1998, entitled "Methods for Software Driven Generation of Multiple
`Simultaneous High Speed Pulse Width Modulated Signals";
`Serial No. 60/166,533, filed November 18, 1999, entitled "Designing Lights with LED Spectrum;"
`Serial No. 60/201,140, filed May 2, 2000, entitled "Systems and Methods for Modulating Illumination
`Conditions;"
`Serial No. 60/156,672, filed September 29, 1999, entitled "Systems and Methods for Calibrating Light Output
`by Light Emitting Diodes;"
`Serial No. 60/322,765, filed September 17, 2001, entitled "Light Emitting Diode Illumination Systems and
`Methods;"
`Serial No. 60/329,202, filed October 12, 2001, entitled "Light E-mitting Diode Illumination Systems and
`Methods;"
`Serial No. 60/341,476, filed October 30, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for LED Lighting;"
`Serial No. 60/335,679, filed October 23, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for Programmed LED Devices;"
`Serial No. 60/353,569, filed February 1, 2002, entitled "LED Systems and Methods;"
`Serial No. 60/199,333, filed April 24, 2000, entitled "Autonomous Color Changing Accessory;"
`Serial No. 60/211,417, filed June 14,2000, entitled LED-Based Consumer Products;"
`Serial No. 60/243,250, filed October 25, 2000, entitled "Illumination of liquids;"
`Serial No. 60/296,377, filed June 6, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for Controlling Lighting Systems;"
`Serial No. 60/297,828, filed June 13, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for Controlling Lighting Systems;"
`and
`Serial No. 60/290,101, filed May 10, 2001, entitled "Lighting Synchronization Without a Newtork."
`
`667681.1
`
`
`
`Page 2 of 149
`
`

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`::::~H .;ti
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`
`Hi
`
`Attorney Docket No. C011 04. 70115.US
`
`Page 3 of4
`
`If a CONTINUING APPLICATION, check app~opriate box and supply the requisite information below and
`19.
`in the body of the application, or a preliminary amendment, or in an Application Data Sheet under 37
`CFR 1.76:
`
`0 Continuation D Divisional
`
`l8J Continuation-in-part (CIP).
`
`This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. Non-provisional
`Application Serial No. 09/971,367, filed October4, 2001, entitled "Multicolored LED Lighting Method and
`Apparatus," which is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional Application Serial No. 09/669,121, filed September
`25, 2000, entitled "Multicolored LED Lighting Method and Apparatus," which is a continuation of U.S. Serial No.
`09/425,770, filed October 22, 1999, now Patent No. 6,150,774, which is a continuation of U.S. Serial No.
`081920,156, filed August 26, 1997, now Patent No. 6,016,038.
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35ll.S.C. §120 as a continuation-in-part {CIP) of the following
`U.S. Non-provisional Applications:
`Serial No. 09/215,624, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Smart Light Bulb";
`Serial No. 09/213,607, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Systems and Methods for Sensor-Responsive
`Illumination";
`Serial No. 09/213,581, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Kinetic Illumination";
`Serial No. 09/213,540, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Data Delivery Track";
`Serial No. 09/333,739, filed June 15, 1999, entitled "Diffuse Illumination Systems and Methods"; and
`Serial No. 09/815,418, filed March 22, 2001, entitled "Lighting Entertainment System", which is a continuation
`of U.S. Serial No. 09/213,548, filed December 17, 1998, now Patent No.6, 166,496.
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation-in-part (CIP) of the following
`U.S. Non-provisional Applications:
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/870,193, filed May 30, 2001. entitled "Methods and Apparatus for
`Controlling Devices in a Networked Lighting System;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/344,699, filed June 25. 1999, entitled "Method for Software Driven
`Generation of Multiple Simultaneous High Speed Pulse Width Modulated Signals;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/805,368, filed March 13, 2001, entitled "Light-Emitting Diode Based
`Products;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/663,969, filed September 19, 2000, entitled "Universal Lighting Network
`Methods and Systems;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/716,819, filed November 20, 2000, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`Generating and Modulating Illumination Conditions;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/675,419, filed September 29, 2000, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`Calibrating Light Output by Light-Emitting Diodes;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/870,418, filed May 30, 2001, entitled "A Method and Apparatus for
`Authoring and Playing Back Lighting Sequences;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/045,629, filed October 25, 2001, entitled "Methods and Apparatus tor
`Controlling Illumination;"
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/245,786, filed September 17, 2002, entitled "Light Emitting Diode Based
`Products"; and
`U.S. Patent ~pplication Serial No.t1 0/245, 788; filed September 17, 2002. entitled "Methods and Apparatus for
`Generating and Modulating White Light Illumination Conditions."
`
`For CONTINUATION OR DIVISIONAL APPS only: The entire disclosure of the prior application, from
`which an oath or declaration is supplied under Box 5b, is considered a part of the disclosure of the
`accompanying continuation or divisional application and is hereby incorporated by reference. The
`incorporation can only be relied upon when a portion has been inadvertently omitted from the
`submitted application parts.
`
`667681.1
`
`\
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 149
`
`

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`.;it
`;..r. ...
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`n;
`
`Attorney Docket No. C01104.70115.US
`
`Page 4 of4
`
`20. CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`Correspondence address below
`
`CUSTOMER NUMBER:
`
`11111111111111111 111111111111111111
`23628
`
`OR
`
`ATTORNEY'S NAME
`
`Joseph Teja, Jr., Reg. No. 45,157
`
`FIRM NAME
`
`Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks, P.C.
`
`ADDRESS
`
`600 Atlantic Avenue
`
`CITY
`
`COUNTRY
`
`Boston
`
`USA
`
`STATE
`
`MA
`
`ZIP
`
`02210
`
`TELEPHONE
`
`(617) 72()..3500 FAX
`
`(617) 720-2441
`
`21. SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT, ATTORNEY, OR AGENT REQUIRED
`
`NAME
`
`SIGNATURE
`
`DATE
`
`Jo~eph Teja, Jr., Reg. No. 45,157
`
`r~Ht) h '
`l/ ;l/;7/d ~ v
`,
`'·
`
`667681.1
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 149
`
`

`
`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`CONTROLLED LIGHTING METHODS AND APPARATUS
`
`Cross-references to Related Applications
`
`5
`
`This Patent Application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S.
`
`Provisional Application Serial No. 60/341,898, filed December 19,2001, entitled
`
`"Systems and Methods for LED Lighting."
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation(cid:173)
`
`in-part (CIP) of U.S. Non-provisional Application Serial No. 09/971 ,367, filed October
`
`10
`
`4, 200 l, entitled "Multicolored LED Lighting Method and Apparatus",
`
`which is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional Application Serial No. 09/669,121, filed
`
`September 25, 2000, entitled "Multicolored LED Lighting Method and Apparatus",
`
`which is a continuation of U.S. Serial No. 09/425,770, filed October 22, 1999, now
`
`Patent No. 6, 150,774, which is a continuation of U.S. Serial No. 08/920,156, filed
`
`15
`
`August 26, 1997, now Patent No. 6,016,038.
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation(cid:173)
`
`in-part (CIP) ofthe following U.S. Non-provisional Applications:
`
`Serial No. 09/215,624, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Smart Light Bulb";
`
`Serial No. 09/213,607, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Systems and Methods
`
`20
`
`for Sensor-Responsive Illumination";
`
`Serial No. 09/213,581, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Kinetic Illumination";
`
`Serial No. 09/213,540, filed December 17, 1998, entitled "Data Delivery Track";
`
`Serial No. 09/333,739, filed June 15, 1999, entitled "Diffuse Illumination
`
`Systems and Methods"; and
`
`25
`
`Serial No. 09/815,418, filed March 22, 200 I, entitled "Lighting Entertainment
`
`System", which is a continuation of U.S. Serial No. 09/213,548, filed December 17,
`
`1998, now Patent No. 6, 166,496.
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation(cid:173)
`
`in-part (CIP) ofthe following U.S. Non-provisional Applications:
`
`30
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/870,193, filed May 30, 2001, entitled
`
`"Methods and Apparatus for Controlling Devices in a Networked Lighting System;"
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/344,699, filed June 25, 1999, entitled
`
`
`
`Page 5 of 149
`
`

`
`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`2
`
`"Method for Software Driven Generation ofMultiple Simultaneous High Speed Pulse
`
`Width Modulated Signals;"
`
`,
`
`1;,'-'
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/805,368, filed March 13, 2001, entitled
`
`"Light-Emitting Diode Based Products;"
`
`5
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/663,969, filed September 19, 2000, entitled
`
`"Universal Lighting Network Methods and Systems;"
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/716,819, filed November 20, 2000, entitled
`
`"Systems and Methods for Generating and Modulating lllumination Conditions;"
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/675,419, filed September 29,2000, entitled
`
`10
`
`"Systems and Methods for Calibrating Light Output by Light-Emitting Diodes;"
`
`U.~. Patent Application Serial No. 09/870,418, filed May 30,2001, entitled "A
`
`Method and Apparatus for Authoring and Playing Back Lighting Sequences;"
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/045,629, filed October 25, 2001, entitled
`
`"Methods and Apparatus for Controlling Illumination;"
`
`15
`
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/245,786, filed September 17, 2002, entitled
`
`"Light Emitting Diode Based Products"; and
`
`.
`~ ,-
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/245,788, filed September 17, 2002, entitled
`
`"Methods and Apparatus for Generating and Modulating White Light Illumination
`
`Conditions."
`
`20
`
`This application also claims the benefit under 35 U .S.C. § 120 of each of the
`
`following U.S. Provisional Applications, as at least one ofthe above-identified U.S.
`
`Non-provisional Applications similarly is entitled to the benefit of at least one of the
`
`following Provisional Applications:
`
`Serial No. 60/071,281, filed December 17, 1997, entitled "Digitally Controlled
`
`25
`
`Light Emitting Diodes Systems and Methods";
`
`Serial No. 60/068,792, filed December 24, 1997, entitled "Multi-Color InteiJigent
`
`Lighting";
`
`Serial No. 60/078,861, filed March 20, 1998, entitled "Digital Lighting Systems";
`
`Serial No. 60/079,285, filed March 25, 1998, entitled "System and Method for
`
`30
`
`Controlled Illumination";
`
`
`
`Page 6 of 149
`
`

`
`CO ll04.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`3
`
`Serial No. 60/090,920, filed June 26, 1998, entitled "Methods for Softwa~e
`Driven Generation of Multiple Simultaneous High Speed Pulse Width Modulated
`
`Signals";
`
`Serial No. 60/166,533, filed November 18, 1999, entitled "Designing Lights with
`
`5
`
`LED Spectrum;"
`
`Serial No. 60/20 I, 140, filed May 2, 2000, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`
`Modulating Illumination Conditions;"
`
`Serial No. 60/156,672, filed September 29, 1999, entitled "Systems and Methods
`
`for Calibrating Light Output by Light Emitting Diodes;"
`
`10
`
`Serial No. 60/322,765, filed September 17,2001, entitled "Light Emitting Diode
`
`Illumination Systems and Methods;"
`
`Serial No. 60/329,202, filed October 12, 2001, entitled "Light Emitting Diode
`
`Illumination Systems and Methods;"
`
`Serial No. 60/341,476, filed October 30, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`
`15
`
`LED Lighting;"
`
`Serial No. 60/335,679, filed October 23, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`
`Programmed LED Devices;"
`
`Serial No. 60/353,569, filed February 1, 2002, entitled "LED Systems and
`
`Methods;"
`
`20
`
`Serial No. 60/199,333, filed April 24, 2000, entitled "Autonomous Color
`
`Changing Accessory;"
`
`Serial No. 60/211,417, filed June 14, 2000, entitled LED-Based Consumer
`
`Products;"
`
`Serial No. 60/243,250, filed October 25, 2000, entitled "Illumination of Liquids;"
`
`25
`
`Serial No. 60/296,377, filed June 6, 2001, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`
`Controlling Lighting Systems;"
`
`Serial No. 60/297,828, filed June 13, 200 I, entitled "Systems and Methods for
`
`Controlling Lighting Systems;" and
`
`Serial No. 60/290, I 01, filed May I 0, 2001, entitled "Lighting Synchronization
`
`30 Without a Newtork."
`
`Each ofthe foregoing applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
`
`
`
`Page 7 of 149
`
`

`
`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`4
`
`Background
`
`Methods and systems for providing color-controlled illumination are known to
`
`those of skill in the art, including those identified in patents and patent applications
`
`incorporated by reference herein. Such methods and systems can benefit from improved
`
`5
`
`control over illumination, including control enabled by different combinations of light
`
`sources, different control protocols, optical facilities, software programs, lighting system
`
`configurations, and other improvements.
`
`Summary
`
`10
`
`Provided herein are methods and systems for providing controlled lighting,
`
`including methods and systems for providing both white and non-white colored lighting,
`
`including color temperature controlled lighting.
`
`Methods and systems disclosed herein include optical facilities for modifying
`
`15
`
`light from a lighting unit, such as an LED-based lighting unit, including variable optical
`
`facilities and fixed optical facilities.
`
`Also provided are methods and systems for using multi-color lighting units in a
`
`variety of commercial applications.
`
`20
`
`Also provided are methods and systems for lighting control, including methods to
`
`assist lighting designers and installers to improve the quality of lighting in environments.
`
`Also provided are intelligent dimmers, switches, sockets and fixtures, as well as
`
`2s
`
`facilities for programming and using them.
`
`Also provided are various sensor-feedback applications of lighting technology,
`
`including sensor-feedback involving light sensors and forward voltage sensors. Also
`
`provided are lighting methods and systems that operate on time-based parameters.
`
`30
`
`Methods and systems disclosed herein include methods and systems for a lighting
`
`system that includes a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of red, green,
`
`
`
`Page 8 of 149
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`''H H''-'f! ;•~;;~~
`... n .. ti.I ... , >I>Y~l~
`
`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`5
`
`blue, amber, white, orange and UV LEDs, a controller for controlling the color of light
`
`coming from the LEDs, a sensor for sensing at least one of the color and the color
`
`temperature ofthe light coming from the LEDs and a feedback loop for adjusting the
`
`color of light coming from the LEDs based on input from the sensor.
`
`Methods and systems disclosed herein include a lighting system that includes a
`
`plurality ofLEDs selected from the group consisting of red, green, blue, amber, white,
`
`orange and UV LEDs, a controller for controlling the color of light coming from the
`
`LEOs and a variable optical facility for modifYing the light coming from the LEDs in
`
`10
`
`response to actuation by a user.
`
`Methods and systems disclosed herein include a lighting system that includes a
`
`plurality ofLEDs selected from the group consisting of red, green, blue, amber, white,
`
`orange and UV LEDs, a controller for controlling the color of light coming from the
`
`15
`
`LEDs, an optical facility for modifying the light coming from the LEOs and
`
`an actuator for actuating a change in the optical facility.
`
`Methods and systems further include a method of providing illumination,
`
`including providing a plurality ofLEDs selected from the group consisting of red, green,
`
`20
`
`blue, amber, white, orange and UV LEDs, controlling the color of light coming from the
`
`LEOs, sensing' at least one ofthe color and the color temperature of the light coming
`
`from the LEOs and using a feedback loop to adjusting the color of light coming from the
`
`LEDs based on input from the sensor.
`
`25
`
`Methods and systems also includes a method of providing illumination that
`
`includes providing light from a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of
`
`red, green, blue, amber, white, orange and UV LEDs, controlling at least one ofthe color
`
`and color temperature oflight coming from the LEOs, providing an optical facility for
`
`modifying the light coming from the LEDs and actuating a change in the optical facility
`
`30
`
`to change the modification of the light corning from the LEDs.
`
`
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`Page 9 of 149
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`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
`
`6
`
`The optical facility can be a fluid-filled lens, a MEMs device, a digital mirror or
`
`other optical facility.
`
`Methods and systems can also include a method of lighting a motion picture
`
`environment, including providing a camera, providing a processor to control the camera,
`
`providing a lighting system, the lighting system including a plurality of LEOs selected
`
`from the group consisting of red, green, blue, amber, white, orange and UV LEOs and
`
`using the processor to simultaneously control the camera and the lighting system.
`
`10
`
`Methods and systems include a method of providing control to a lighting system,
`
`including providing a lighting control facility for a lighting system that includes a
`
`processor and a plurality of LEOs, and providing a facility for requiring user
`
`authorization in order to allow a user to change the lighting condition generated by the
`
`lighting system.
`
`15
`
`Methods and systems include a method of providing a settable light, including
`
`providing a lighting unit, the lighting unit including a plurality of LEOs selected from the
`
`group consisting of red, green, blue, amber, white, orange and UV LEOs, providing a
`
`scale, the scale representing at least one of a plurality of color temperatures, a plurality of
`
`20
`
`colors, and a plurality of intensities of light output from the lighting unit, and providing
`
`an interface, the interface allowing the user to set the light output from the lighting unit
`
`by setting the interface on a setting of the scale corresponding to th~t light output.
`
`Methods and systems also include a configuring the scale to show a range of
`
`25
`
`color temperatures of white light.
`
`Methods and systems also include a method of providing lighting control,
`
`including providing a socket for a lighting unit, the socket including a processor and
`
`memory for storing and processing lighting control signals for a lighting unit that is
`
`Jo
`
`adapted to be placed in the socket. Such methods and systems also include a method
`
`wherein the socket further comprises a communications facility for receiving a lighting
`
`control signal from an external signal source.
`
`
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`Page 10 of 149
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`667527.1
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`7
`
`As used herein for purposes of the present disclosure, the term "LED" should be
`
`understood to include any light emitting diode or other type of carrier injection I
`
`junction-based system that is capable of generating radiation in response to an electric
`
`5
`
`signal. Thus, the term LED includes, but is not limited to, various semiconductor-based
`
`structures that emit light in response to current, light emitting polymers, light-emitting
`
`strips, electro-luminescent strips, and the like.
`
`In particular, the term LED refers to light emitting diodes of all types (including
`
`10
`
`semi-conductor and organic light emitting diodes) that may be configured to generate
`
`radiation in one or more of the infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, and various
`
`portions of the visible spectrum (generally including radiation wavelengths from
`
`approximately 400 nanometers to approximately 700 nanometers). Some examples of
`
`LEDs include, but are not limited to, various types of infrared LEDs, ultraviolet LEDs,
`
`t5
`
`red LEDs, blue LEDs, green LEDs, yellow LEDs, amber LEDs, orange LEDs, and white
`
`LEDs (discussed further below). It also should be appreciated that LEDs may be
`
`configured to generate radiation having various bandwidths for a given spectrum (e.g.,
`
`narrow bandwidth, broad bandwidth).
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`20
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`For example, one implementation of an LED configured to generate essentially
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`white light (e.g., a white LED) may include a number of dies which respectively emit
`
`different spectrums of luminescence that, in combination, mix to form essentially white
`
`light. In another implementation, a white light LED may be associated with a phosphor
`
`material that converts luminescence having a first spectrum to a different second
`
`25
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`spectrum. In one example of this implementation, luminescence having a relatively short
`
`wavelength and narrow bandwidth spectrum "pumps" the phosphor material, which in
`
`turn radiates longer wavelength radiation having a somewhat broader spectrum.
`
`It should also be understood that the term LED does not limit the physical and/or
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`Jo
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`electrical package type of an LED. For example, as discussed above, an LED may refer
`
`to a single light emitting device having multiple dies that are configured to respectively
`
`emit different spectrums of radiation (e.g., that may or may not be individually
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`controllable). Also, an LED may be associated with a phosphor that is considered as an
`
`integral part ofthe LED (e.g., some types ofwhite LEDs). In general, the tenn LED
`
`may refer to packaged LEDs, non-packaged LEDs, surface mount LEDs, chip-on-board
`
`LEDs, radial package LEDs, power package LEDs, LEDs including some type of
`
`s
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`encasement and/or optical element (e.g., a diffusing lens), etc.
`
`The term "light source" should be understood to refer to any one or more of a
`
`variety of radiation sources, including, but not limited to, LED-based sources as defined
`
`above, incandescent sources (e.g., filament lamps, halogen lamps), fluorescent sources,
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`10
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`phosphorescent sources, high-intensity discharge sources (e.g., sodium vapor, mercury
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`vapor, and metal halide lamps), lasers, other types of luminescent sources, electro(cid:173)
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`lumiscent sources, pyro-luminescent sources (e.g., flames), candle-luminescent sources
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`(e.g., gas mantles, carbon arc radiation sources), photo-luminescent sources (e.g.,
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`gaseous discharge sources), cathode luminescent sources using electronic satiation,
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`ts
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`galvano-luminescent sources, crystallo-luminescent sources, kine-luminescent sources,
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`thermo-luminescent sources, triboluminescent sources, sonoluminescent sources,
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`radioluminescent sources, and luminescent polymers.
`
`A given light source may be configured to generate electromagnetic radiation
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`20
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`within the visible spectrum, outsi9e the visible spectrum, or a combination of both.
`
`Hence, the terms "light" and "radiation" are used interchangeably herein. Additionally, a
`
`light source may include as an integral component one or more filters (e.g., color filters),
`
`lenses, or other optical components. Also, it should be understood that light sources may
`
`be configured for a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, indication
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`2s
`
`and/or illumination. An "illumination source" is a light source that is particularly
`
`configured to generate radiation having a sufficient intensity to effectively illuminate an
`
`interior orexterior space.
`
`The term "spectrum" should be understood to refer to any one or more
`
`30
`
`frequencies (or wavelengths) of radiation produced by one or more light sources.
`
`Accordingly, the term "spectrum" refers to frequencies (or wavelengths) not only in the
`
`visible range, but also frequencies (or wavelengths) in the infrared, ultraviolet, and other
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`areas of the overall electromagnetic spectrum. Also, a given spectrum may have a
`
`relatively narrow bandwidth (essentially few frequency or wavelength components) or a
`
`relatively wide bandwidth (several frequency or wavelength components having various
`
`relative strengths). It should also be appreciated that a given spectrum may be the result
`
`of a mixing oftwo or more other spectrums (e.g., mixing radiation respectively emitted
`
`from multiple light sources).
`
`For purposes of this disclosure, the term "color" is used interchangeably with the
`
`term "spectrum." However, the term "color" generally is used to refer primarily to a
`
`10
`
`property of radiation that is perceivable by an observer (although this usage is not
`
`intended to limit the scope of this term). Accordingly, the terms "different colors"
`
`implicitly refer to different spectrums having different wavelength components and/or
`
`bandwidths. It also should be appreciated that the term "color" may be used in
`
`conne~tion with both white and non-white light.
`
`15
`
`The term "color temperature" generally is used herein in connection with white
`
`light, although this usage is not intended to limit the scope of this term. Color
`
`temperature essentially refers to a particular color content or shade (e.g., reddish, bluish)
`
`of white light. The color temperature of a given radiation sample conventionally is
`
`20
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`characterized according to the temperature in degrees Kelvin (K) of a black body radiator
`
`that radiates essentially the same spectrum as the radiation sample in question. The color
`
`temperature of white light generally falls within a range of from approximately 700
`
`degrees K (generally considered the first visible to the human eye) to over 10,000
`
`degrees K.
`
`25
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`Lower color temperatures generally indicate white light having a more significant
`
`red component or a "warmer feel," while higher color temperatures generally indicate
`
`white light having a more significant blue component or a "cooler feel." By way of
`
`example, a wood burning fire has a color temperature of approximately 1,800 degrees K,
`
`30
`
`a conventional incandescent bulb has a color temperature of approximately 2848 degrees
`
`K, early morning daylight has a color temperature of approximately 3,000 degrees K,
`
`and overcast midday skies have a color temperature of approximately 10,000 degrees K.
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`
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`10
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`A color image viewed under white light having a color temperature of approximately
`
`3,000 degree K has a relatively reddish tone, whereas the same color image viewed under
`
`white light having a color temperature of approximately I 0,000 degrees K has a
`
`relatively bluish tone.
`
`5
`
`The terms "lighting unit" and "lighting fixture" are used interchangeably herein
`
`to refer to an apparatus including one or more light sources of same or different types. A
`
`given lighting unit may have any one of a variety of mounting arrangements for the light
`
`source(s), enclosure/housing arrangements and shapes, and/or electrical and mechanical
`
`10
`
`connection configurations. Additionally, a given lighting unit optionally may be
`
`associated with (e.g., include, be coupled to and/or packaged together with) various other
`
`components (e.g., control circuitry) relating to the operation ofthe light source(s). An
`
`"LED-based lighting unit" refers to a lighting unit that includes one or more LED-based
`
`I ight sources as discussed above, alone or in combination with other non LED-based
`
`15
`
`light sources.
`
`The terms "processor" or "controller" are used herein interchangeably to
`
`describe various apparatus relating to the operation of one or more light sources. A
`
`processor or controller can be implemented in numerous ways, such as with dedicated
`
`20
`
`hardware, using one or more microprocessors that are programmed using software (e.g.,
`
`microcode or firmware) to perform the various functions discussed herein, or as a
`
`combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and programmed
`
`microprocessors and associated circuitry to perform other functions.
`
`25
`
`In various implementations, a processor or controller may be associated with one
`
`or more storage media (generically referred to herein as "memory," e.g., volatile and
`
`non-volatile computer memory such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, floppy
`
`disks, compact disks, optical disks, magnetic tape, etc.). In some implementations, the
`
`storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or
`
`Jo more processors and/or controllers, perform at least some of the functions discussed
`
`herein. Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or controller or may be
`
`transportable, such that the one or more programs stored thereon can be loaded into a
`
`
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`Page 14 of 149
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`C01104.70115.US
`667527.1
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`11
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`processor or controller so as to implement various aspects of the present invention
`
`discussed herein. The terms "program" or "computer program" are used herein in a
`
`generic sense to refer to any type of computer code (e.g., software or microcode) that can
`
`be employed to program one or more processors or controllers, including by retrieval of
`
`stored sequences of instructions.
`
`The term "addressable" is used herein to refer to a device (e.g., a light