asWIUSIDII
`u:5——-
`YBIILK
`EICIWV
`E
`
`(E9
`
`NATIONAL
`lNS'I'lIllMEN'I'S®
`The Soflware is the Instrument 03
`
`August 1993 Edifion
`Far! Number 320534-07
`
`DEFS 00031588
`
`ABB Inc.
`
`EXHIBIT 1012
`
`Page 1 of 460
`
`RA v. AMS
`Ex. 1024
`
`

`
` LabV|EW®
`for Windows
`
`' User Manual
`DADDDDDDD
`
`© Copyright 1992, 1993 National Instruments Corporation.
`All Rights Reserved.
`
`'
`
`Pan Number 320534-01
`August 1993
`
`DEFS 00031589
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`
`National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
`6504 Bridge Point Parkway
`'
`Austin. TX 78730-5039
`
`(512) 794-0100
`(800) 433-3488 (toll-free U.S. and Canada)
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`
`Branch Offices:
`
`'
`
`Australia 03 879 9422, Austria 0662 435986, Belgium 02 757 00 20, Canada (Ontario) 519 622 9310, Canada
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`
`Italy 02 48301892, Japan 03 3788 1921, Netherlands 01720 45761, Norway 03 846866, Spain 91 640 0085, Sweden
`08 730 49 70, Switzerland 056 27 00 20, U.K. 0635 523545
`
`DEFS 00031590
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`
`Limited VVarranty
`
`The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute
`programming instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from
`date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its
`option, repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National
`Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period. National Instruments does
`not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free.
`
`A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly
`marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work.
`National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered
`by warranty.
`
`National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate. The document has
`
`been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors
`exist, National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this
`document without prior notice to holders of this edition. The reader -should consult National
`Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages
`arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it.
`
`EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN , NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES,
`EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF
`MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT
`TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF
`NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID
`BY THE CUSTOIVIER. NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES
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`RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS, USE OF PRODUCTS , OR INCIDENTAL OR
`CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. This
`limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether
`in contract or tort, including negligence. Any action against National Instruments must be brought
`within one year after the cause of action accrues. National Instruments shall not be liable for any
`delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty provided herein
`does not cover damages, defects, malfunctions, or service failures caused by owner's failure to
`follow the National Instruments installation, operation, or maintenance instructions; owner's
`modification of the product; owner's abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or surges,
`fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
`
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`Copyright I
`
`Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form,
`electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval
`system, or translating, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of National Instruments
`Corporation.
`
`LabVIEW® is a trademark of National Instruments Corporation.
`
`Trademarks
`
`Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.
`
`Warning Regarding Medical and Clinical Use
`of National Instruments Products
`
`National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a
`level of reliability suitable for use in treatment and diagnosis of humans. Applications of National
`Instruments products involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental
`injury caused by product failure, or by errors on the part of the user or application designer. Any use
`or application of National Instruments products for or involving medical or clinical treatment must
`be performed by properly trained and qualified medical personnel, and all traditional medical
`safeguards, equipment, and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent
`serious injury or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments Products are
`being used. National Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of
`established process, procedure, or equipment used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety
`in medical or clinical treatment.
`
`DEFS 00031592
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`S.._lHCtn0C
`
`
`
`
`
`\..,,H.._.,.......w.,”..r......3.......u_.._.,....L...............4....u.4«..._u.4.n..‘v,....m
`
`03:33
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`49513000SFED
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`
`Contents
`
`About This Manual ............................................................. ..xvii
`
`Organization of This Manual ................................................ ..xvii
`LabVIEW Basics ........................................................... ..xvii
`
`Front Panel Objects ........................................................ .. xviii
`
`Block Diagram Programming ........................................ .. xviii
`Appendices, Glossary, and Index.
`................................. .. xix
`Conventions Used in This Manual
`................................ .. xix
`
`Customer Communication .................................................... .. xx
`
`LabVIEW Basics—Chapters 1 through 3
`
`Chapter 1
`Introduction to LabVIEW ............................................... ..1-1
`
`What Is LabVIEW? ............................................................... ..1-1
`How Does LabVIEW Work? .... ..~. ......................................... ..1-1
`
`Front Panel ..................................................................... .. 1-3
`
`Block Diagram ............................................................... .. 1-4
`Icon and Connector ........................................................ .. 1-5
`
`Introduction to the LabVIEW Development System ............ .. 1-6
`Using LabVlEVV Menus ................................................ .. 1-6
`
`Diagram and Panel Windows ........................................ .. 1—8
`Edit and Run Modes ...................................................... .. 1-8
`Tools .............................................................................. .. 1-9
`
`Help Window ................................................................. .. 1-9
`Printing Vls .................................................................... ..1-10
`Previewing a VI ...................................................... .. 1-13
`
`Enhancing Printouts with Transparency and
`Decorations/Bitmaps. ..................................................... .. 1-13
`Saving Vls ..................................................................... .. 1-14
`Save Options ........................................................... .. l-14
`Revert
`..................................................................... .. 1-15
`
`VI Libraries ............................................................ ..1-15
`
`Accessing Your VI Library from
`the Functions Menu ................................................ .. 1-17
`
`Edit VI Library Dialog ........................................... .. 1-18
`Confl gurin g LabVIEW .................................................. .. 1-20
`I-low Preferences Are Stored .................................. ..1-2]‘
`
`©Nan'onal Instruments Corporation
`
`'
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`Contents
`
`Memory and Disk Preferences ............................... .. 1 -21
`Path Preferences ..................................................... ..1-23
`
`1 -24
`Library, Temporary, and Default Directories
`VI Search Path ..................................
`............. ..].-25
`
`. Display Preferences ................................................ ..l-27
`Miscellaneous Preferences ..................................... .. 1-28
`
`Chapter 2
`Editing VIs .............................................................................. ..2-1
`Creating Objects .................................................................... ..2-l
`
`............................................... ..2-5
`Selecting Objects ................
`Moving Objects ..................................................................... .. 2-6
`Duplicating Objects ........................................... ..; ................ ..2-6
`Copying Objects between Vls or
`. from Other Applications ................................................ .. 2-7
`Deleting Objects .................................................................... ..2-7
`
`Labeling Objects ................................................................... .. 2-7
`Creating Labels .............................................................. .. 2-8
`Changing Font, Style, Size, and Color of Text .............. .. 2-9
`
`Resizing Objects ................................................................... ..2-14
`Resizing Labels .............................................................. .. 2-15
`Creating Descriptions ............................................................ .. 2-15
`Coloring Objects ................................................................... .. 2-16
`Aligning and Distributing Objects ........................................ ..2-18
`Aligning Objects ............................................................ ..2-18
`
`Distributing Objects ....................................................... .. 2-19
`Moving Objects To Front, To Back, Forward,
`and Backward ........................................................................ .. 2-20
`
`Documenting Vls with the Get Info... Option ...................... .. 2-21
`Icon and Connector ............................................................... .. 2-22
`
`Creating the Icon ............................................................ .. 2-22
`Defining the Connector Terminal Pattern ............................. .. 2-24
`Selecting and Modifying Terminal Patterns .................. .. 2-26
`Assigning Terminals to Controls and Indicators ........... .. 2-26
`
`Deleting Connections ..................................................... .. 2-28
`Confirming Connections ........................................ .. 2-29
`
`Chapter 3
`Executing Vls ......................................................................... ..3—l
`Operating Vls ........................................................................ .. 3-]
`Running a VI .................................................................. ..3-2
`Stopping a VI ................................................................. ..3_-3
`Running a VI Repeatedly ............................................... ..3-3
`Printing Programmatically ............................................. ..3-3
`
`LabV]EWfor Windows User Manual
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`'
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`©National Instruments Corporation
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`Contents
`
`Front Panel Datalogging ................................................ .. 3-4 _
`Programmatic Data Retrieval
`........................... .f. .......... .. 3-6
`Debugging Executable VIs ................................................... .. 3-7
`Correcting a VI Range Error .......................................... .. 3-7
`
`Recognizing Undefined Data ......................................... .. 3-8
`Debugging Techniques for Executable Vls ................... .. 3-9
`LabVIEW Debugging Features ..................................... .. 3- 1 2
`Single-Stepping through a VI ................................. .. 3-12
`Highlighting Execution .......................................... .. 3-12
`Using the Probe ...................................................... ..3-14
`Setting Breakpoints ................................................ .. 3-15
`Warnings for Overlapping Objects
`.......................... .. 3-16
`
`Front Panel Objects—Chapters 4 through 10
`
`Chapter 4
`Introduction to Front Panel Objects ............................ ..4-1
`Building the Front Panel ....................................................... ..4-1 I
`Importing Graphics from Other Programs ..................... .. 4-2
`Common Front Panel Control and Indicator Options ......4-2
`Dialog Controls .............................................................. ..4-4
`Custom Controls and Type Definitions ................................ .. 4-6
`Creating a Custom Control
`................................................... ..4-6
`Applying Changes from a Custom Control
`................... ..4-7
`Saving a Custom Control ............................................... ..4-9
`
`Using a Custom Control ................................................ ..4-9
`Adding a Custom Control to the Controls Menu ........... ..4-9
`Making an Icon .............................................................. ..4-10
`Custom Controls are Independent from Source File ..... ..4-10
`Customize Mode ................................................................... .. 4-10
`Independent Parts ........................................................... .. 4-1 1
`The Control Editor Parts Window ................................. ..4-12
`
`Pop-up Menus for Different Parts in Customize Mode ...4-13
`Cosmetic Parts ............................................................... .. 4-14
`Cosmetic Parts with More than One Picture .......... ..4-15
`
`Cosmetic Parts with Independent Pictures ............. ..4-16
`Text Parts ....................................................................... ..4-18
`
`Scale Parts ...................................................................... ..4-19
`
`Controls as Parts ...................... ..; ................................... ..4-19
`
`Adding Cosmetic Parts to a Custom Control ................. ..4-21
`
`Type Definitions .................................................................. 4-21
`Type Definition: Data types must match ....................... ..4-22
`Strict Type Definition: Everything must match ............. ..4-22
`Making a Type Definition ............................................. ..4-22
`Using a Type Definition ................................................ ..4-23
`
`©NaIional Instruments Corporation
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`Automatic Updating ....................................................... ..4—24
`Searching for a Type Definition .................................... ..4—24
`Cluster Type Definitions ................................................ .. 4-24
`
`Chapter 5
`Numeric Controls and Indicators ................................. ..5-1
`
`............................... ..5-2
`Digital Controls and Indicators ............
`Digital Numeric Options ................................................ .. 5-3
`Displaying Integers in Other Radixes ..................... .. 5-3
`Changing the Representation of Numeric Values ....5-4
`Setting the Range Options of Numeric Controls
`5
`and Indicators ................................................................. .. 5-5
`
`Numeric Range Checking ....................................... .. 5-7
`Changing the Format and Precision of Digital Displays .5-9
`Slide Numeric Controls and Indicators ................................. .. 5-11
`
`Slide Scale ................................................ .._. .................. ..5-13
`Changing Scale Limits ........................................... ..5-14
`Text Scale ............................................................... ..5-15
`
`Filled and Multivalued Slides ........................................ ..5-17
`
`The Rotary Numerics ................................ ., .......................... .. 5-19
`
`Ring Controls ........................................................................ ..5-2]
`Enumerations .......................................................... .; ............ ..5—23
`
`Color Box ...............................
`
`............................................. .. 5-24
`
`Color Ramp ........................................................................... .. 5-26
`Units ...................................................................................... ..5—28
`
`Entering Units ................................................................ ..5-32
`
`Units have Stricter Type Checking ................................ .. 5-33
`Polymorphic Units ......................................................... .. 5-35
`
`Chapter 6
`Boolean Controls and Indicators ................................ ..‘...6-1
`
`Creating and Operating Boolean Controls and Indicators .... ..6-1
`Configuring Boolean Controls and Indicators ...................... ..6-3
`Labeling Booleans ........
`............................................... ..6-3
`Stopping on a Boolean Value ................................... .§.....6—4
`Boolean Range Checking .....................................
`6-4
`Configuring the Mechanical Action of Boolean Controls 6-5
`Customizing a Boolean with Imported Pictures ............ ..6—6
`
`Chapter 7
`String and Table Controls and Indicators ................. ..7-1
`Using String Controls and Indicators .................................... ..7-1
`Options for String Controls and Indicators ........................... ..7-2
`Using the Scrollbar with String Controls and Indicators .7-2
`
`LabVIEWf0r Windows User Manual
`
`@National Instruments Corporation
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`Contents
`
`Entering and Viewing Nondisplayable Characters ........ ..7-3
`Using the Table ....... .., ............................................
`............. ..7-5
`
`Chapter 8
`Array and Cluster Controls and Indicators ...............8—1
`Arrays .................................................................................... .. 8-1
`Creating Array Controls ................................................ .. 8-4
`Setting the Array Dimension .................................. .. 8-7
`Interpreting the Array Index Display ..................... .. 8-8
`Displaying an Array in Single—Element or
`_'
`Tabular Form .......................................................... .. 8-9
`
`Operating Arrays ........................................................... .. 8-11
`Setting the Default Size and Values of an Array
`8-11
`Finding the Size of an Array .................................. .. 8-13
`Moving or Resizing the Array ................................ .. 8-13
`Selecting Array Cells .............................................. .. 8- 1 3
`LabVIEW Arrays and Arrays in Other Systems ............ .. 8-15
`Clusters ................................................................................. ..8-18
`
`Creating Clusters ........................................................... .. 8-19
`
`........ .. 8-19
`Operating and Configuring Cluster Elements ......
`Setting Cluster Default Values ............................... .. 8-20
`Setting the Order of Cluster Elements .................... .. 8-20
`Moving or Resizing the Cluster .............................. .. 8-21
`Assembling Clusters ...................................................... .. 8-23
`Bundle Function ..................................................... .. 8-23
`
`Bundle by Name Function ...................................... .. 8-24
`
`Array To Cluster Function ...................................... .. 8-27
`Disassembling Cluster Elements ................................... .. 8-28
`Unbundle Function .........
`...................................... .. 8-28
`
`Unbundle by Name Function .................................. .. 8-29
`Cluster To Array Function ...................................... .. 8-31
`Replacing Cluster Elements ........................................... .. 8-32
`
`Chapter 9
`Graph and Chart Indicators ........................................... ..9—1
`Waveform and XY Graphs ................................................... ..9—l
`Creating a Single-Plot Graph ......................................... .. 9-2
`Waveform Graph Data Types ................................. ..9-2
`
`XY Graph Data Types ............................................ .. 9-4
`Creating a Multiplot Graph ............................................ ..9—5
`Waveform Graph Data Types ................................. .. 9-5
`XY Graph Data Types ............................................ .. 9-10
`Graph Options ................................................................ ..9—l2
`Scale Options .......................................................... .. 9- 14
`
`© National Instruments Corporation
`
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`Using the Legend .................................................... .. 9- 1 5
`Using the Palette ..................................................... ..9-16
`Waveform Chart .............
`................................................. ..9-17
`
`Waveform Chart Data Types ......................................... .. 9-18
`
`Waveform Chart Options ............................................... ..9—20
`Chart Update Modes ............................................... .. 9-21
`Stacked versus Overlaid Plots ................................ ..9-23
`
`Intensity Chart ....................................................................... ..9-25
`Intensity Chart Options .................................................. ..9-26
`Defining the Color Mapping .................................. .. 9-28
`
`Intensity Graph ...................................................................... .. 9-29
`Intensity Graph Data Type ............................................. .. 9-29
`Intensity Graph Options ................................................. .. 9-30
`Graph Cursors .........................................
`............................ .. 9-31
`
`Chapter 10
`Path Controls and Refnums ............................................ .. 10-1
`
`Using Path Controls and Indicators ...................................... .. 10-1
`Refnums ................................................................................. . .10-2
`
`Block Diagram Programming—Chapters 11 through 19
`
`Chapter 11
`Introduction to the Block Diagram ............................... .. 11-1
`Block Diagram ..................................................................... .. 11-1
`Terminals ........................................................ .; ............. .. 11-1
`Control and Indicator Terminals ........................................... .; 11-2
`
`User-Defined and Universal Constants .................. .. 11-4
`Nodes ............................................................................. .. 1 1-8
`
`Functions ................................................................ .. 11-9
`SubVI Nodes .......................................................... .. 11-11
`
`Structures ................................................................ .. 1 1-13
`
`Online Help for Constants, Functions,
`and SubVI Nodes ........................................................... .. 11-14
`
`Chapter 12
`Wiring the Block Diagram ............................................... .. 12-1
`Basic Wiring Techniques ...................................................... .. 12-1
`Wire Stretching .............................................................. .. 12-5
`Selecting, Moving, and Deleting Wires ......................... ..12-5
`Wiring to Off-Screen Areas ........................................... .. 12-8
`Duplicating Sections of the Block Diagram .................. .. 12-9
`Replacing and Inserting Block Diagram Objects .................. .. 12-9
`Solving Wiring Problems ...................................................... .. 12-10
`
`LabVIEWfor Windows User Manual
`
`‘
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`© National Instruments Corporation
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`Contents
`
`Common Reasons for Bad Wires .................................. .. 12-10
`
`Faulty Connections ................................................. ..12-10
`Wire Type, Dimension, Unit,
`or Element Conflict ......................................... .. 12-11
`
`Multiple Wire Sources .................................... .. 12-12
`No Wire Source ............................................... .. 12-12
`
`Loose Ends ...................................................... .. 12-13
`Wire Stubs ....................................................... .. 12-13
`
`Wire Cycle ...................................................... .. 12-14
`File Refnum Type Conflict
`............................. .. 12-14
`
`Wiring Situations to Avoid ............................................ ..12-14
`Wire Loops ............................................................. .. 12-14
`Hidden Wire Segments ........................................... .. 12-15
`Wiring Underneath Objects .................................... .. 12-16
`Problems in Wiring Structures ....................................... .. 12-17
`Assigning More Than One Value to
`a Sequence Local .................................................... ..12-17
`Failing to Wire a Tunnel in All Cases of
`a Case Structure ...................................................... ..12-17
`
`Overlapping Tunnels .............................................. .. 12-18
`Wiring from Multiple Frames of
`a Sequence Structure .............................................. .. 12-19
`Wiring Underneath Rather Than through
`21 Structure ............................................................... .. 12-20
`
`Debugging Techniques for Nonexecutable VIs ............. .. 12-21
`Fixing a Broken VI ................................................. .. 12-21
`
`Chapter 13
`Structures ................................................................................ .. 13-1
`For Loop and While Loop Structures .3.................................. .. 13-2
`For Loop ........................................................................ .. 13-2
`While Loop .................................................................... ..13-3
`Placing Objects inside Structures .................................. .. 13-3
`Tenninals Inside Loops ................................................ .._. 13-4
`Auto-Indexing ................................................................ .. 13-5
`Using Auto-Indexing to Set the For Loop Count
`1 3-6
`Using Auto-Indexing with While Loops ............... ..-.13-7
`Executing a For Loop Zero Times ................................. .. 13-7
`Shift Registers ...... ., ........................................................ .. 13-8
`Case and Sequence Structures .............................................. .. 13-10
`Case Structure ................................................................ ..13-11
`
`Sequence Structure ........................................................ .. 13-13
`Editing Case and Sequence Structures .......................... .. 1 3-15
`Moving between Subdiagrams ...................................... .. 13-15
`Adding Subdiagrams ..................................................... .. 13-16
`
`©National Instruments Corporation
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`Deleting Subdiagrams .................................................... .. 13-18
`Reorderin g Subdiagrams ............................................... .. 13-19
`
`Chapter 14
`The Formula Node ............................................................... .. 14-1
`Formula Node Functions ....................................................... .. 14-4 '
`
`Chapter 15
`Attribute Nodes ..................................................................... ..15-1
`
`Creating Attribute Nodes ...................................................... .. 15-1
`Using Attribute Nodes .......................................................... .. 15-5 '
`
`Attribute Help .‘............................................................... .. 15-7
`Examples ........................................................................ .. 15-7
`Setting the Strings of a Ring Control
`..................... ..15-7
`Selectively Presenting the User with Options ........ .. 15-8
`Reading Cursors Programmatically ........................ .. 15-9
`Available Attributes .............................................................. .. 15-10
`
`Base Attributes ............................................................... .. 15-10
`
`Attributes for Digital Numeric Controls
`and Color Numeric Controls .......................................... .. 15-10
`
`Attributes for Rotary, Slide and Fill Controls ............... .. 15-ll
`Attributes for Rings ....................................................... .. 15-12
`
`......................... .. 15-13
`Attributes for the Color Ramp ............
`Attributes for Booleans .................................................. .. 15-14
`
`Attributes for Strings ..................................................... .. 15-15
`Attributes for Tables ...................................................... .. 15-15
`
`Attributes for Paths ........................................................ .. 15-] 7
`
`Attributes for Arrays ...................................................... .. 15-17
`Attributes for Clusters .................................
`................. .. 15-17
`Attributes for the Waveform Chart ................................ .. 15-18
`
`Attributes for the Waveform Graph ............................... .. l5-20
`Attributes for the XY Graph .............. .{. ......................... .. 15-21
`Attributes for the Intensity Chart ................................... ..l5—2l
`Attributes for the Intensity Graph .................................. .. 15-22
`Attributes for Refnums ..............................................
`15-22
`
`Chapter 16
`............... .. 16-1
`Global and Local Variables ............................
`Global Variables .................................................................... . 16-]
`
`Local Variables .........................
`
`.......................................... .. 16-3
`
`Chapter 17
`File VIs ...................................................................................... .. 17-1
`
`File V1 Descriptions .............................................................. .. 17-2
`
`LabVIEWfor Windows User Manual
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`Contents
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`Write Characters To File ............................................... .. 17-2
`Read Characters From File ............................................ .. 17-3
`Read Lines From File .................................................... .. 17-4
`
`Write To Spreadsheet File ............................................. .. 17-5
`Read From Spreadsheet File .......................................... .. 17-6
`Write To 116 File ........................................................... .. 17-7
`Read From 116 File .......................................... .; ............ .. 17-8
`
`Write To SGL File ......................................................... .. 17-9
`
`Read From SGL File ...................................................... .. 17-10
`
`Open/Create/Replace File .............................................. .. 17-1 1
`Open File+ .............
`...................................................... .. 17-13
`Write Fi1e+ (string) ........................................................ .. 17-15
`Read File+ (string) ......................................................... ..17-16
`Write File+ [I16] ............................................................ .. 17-18
`Read File+ [I16] ............................................................. .. 17-19
`
`Write Fi1e+ [SGL] .......................................................... .. 17-21
`
`.......................................................... .. 17-22
`Read File+ [SGL]
`Close File+ ....................................................................
`17-24
`
`Chapter 18
`......................................... .. 18-1
`Error Handler VIs ....................
`Error Handling ................................