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`IBM DICTIONARY
`
`OF COMPUTING
`
`Compiled and edited by
`GEORGE MCDANIEL
`
`MCGRAW-HILL, INC.
`
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`

`
`Limitation of Liability
`While the Editor and Publisher of this book have made reasonable efforts to
`ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, nei-
`ther the Editor nor the Publisher shall have any liability with respect to loss or
`damage caused or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information con-
`tained herein.
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
`the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data
`base or retrieval system, without the prior written perrnisssion of the pub-
`lisher.
`
`1234567890 DOC/DOC 99876543
`
`ISBN 0-O7-031488—8 (HC)
`ISBN 0-O7-031489-6 (PBK)
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Daniel A. Gonneau and the
`production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`Tenth Edition (August 1993)
`This is a major revision of the IBM Dictionary of Computing, SC20-1699-8,
`which is made obsolete by this edition. Changes are made periodically to the
`information provided herein.
`It is possible that this material may contain reference to, or information about,
`IBM products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are
`not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be
`construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products, pro-
`gramming, or services in your country. Comments may be addressed to IBM
`Corporation, Department E37/656, P. O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park,
`NC 27709.
`
`International Edition
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. Exclusive
`rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be
`re-exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw—Hill. The
`International Edition is not available in North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-113383-6.
`
`This book is printed on acid-free paper.
`
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`buffer invalidation
`
`tion A station on a binary synchronous
`
`mmunication adapter In the IBM 8100
`System,
`a hardware
`feature
`that
`is
`to transfer data and commands
`3 processor and a device using binary syn-
`ommunication or start~stop transmissions.
`’S communication adapter
`is available for
`to a communication port on an 8101
`and Input/Output Unit, an 8130 Processor, or
`
`communication control In the IBM 8100
`on System, the logic that allows system con-
`o a variety of devices using start-stop or
`synchronous communication facilities.
`
`cc In the Print Management Facility, the area in
`
`the process is repeated until all pairs have been exam-
`ined and all items are in the proper sequence. Synon-
`ymous with sifting sort.
`
`bucket One or more fields in which the result of an
`operation is kept. See also accumulator, buffer.
`
`buckslip A short message that can be sent with a doc-
`ument to give instructions to the receiver.
`
`buffer (1) A routine or storage used to compensate
`for a difference in rate of flow of data, or time of
`occurrence of events, when transferring data from one
`device to another. (A)
`(2) An isolating circuit used
`to prevent a driven circuit from influencing the driving
`circuit. (A)
`(3) To allocate and schedule the use of
`buffers. (A)
`(4) A portion of storage used to hold
`input or output data temporarily. See Figure 20.
`
`,2 cubic curve In computer graphics, a cubic
`;;_i__e approximation to a set of four control points
`g the property such that slope and curvature are
`
`' ,-’_*‘Btu British thermal unit.
`
`BTU Basic transmission unit.
`
`bubble
`computer,
`personal
`a
`memory in the form of an expansion board that oper-
`Ztrties as if it were either a hard disk drive or a diskette
`
`bubble memory (1) A magnetic storage that uses
`cylmdrically shaped magnetized areas in thin film that
`are movable, nonvolatile, and changeable.
`(T)
`(2) A storage device in which data are stored by
`polarizing small areas within a film of magnetizable
`
`bubble sort A sort in which the first two items to be
`sorted are examined and exchanged if necessary to
`place them in the specified order;
`the second item is
`then compared with the third (exchanging them if
`required), the third is compared with the fourth, and
`
`Input/Output
`Device
`
`
`
`Input/Output
`Device
`
`Figure 20. Buffer
`
`buffer delay In ACF/TCAM, a delay specified for a
`buffered station to allow the hardware buffer to be
`emptied before it receives another message block.
`
`buffer depletion In the network control program, a
`condition resulting when all buffers in the pool of
`available buffers have been allocated, and none is
`available for holding additional data.
`
`buffered input The ability to enter new items or
`function instructions into the machine before current
`operations are completed. (T)
`
`buffered output area In a 3790 program, the area in
`which the output data stream is accumulated for the
`terminal device.
`It is part of a work area shared by
`the source area and is unrelated to the defined buffers.
`See also source area.
`
`buffer fields In the creation of a new form, the fields
`in which the data will be typed.
`
`buffer group In VTAM, a group of buffers associated
`with one or more contiguous,
`related entries in a
`buffer list. The buffers may be located in discontig—
`uous areas of storage and may be combined into one
`or more request units.
`
`buffer invalidation In a System/370 multiprocessing
`configuration,
`communication
`between
`processing
`units to ensure that all real storage references by both
`processing units access the most recently stored data.
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`

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`transaction processing system
`
`[701]
`
`transfer checl
`
`action routing facility utilizes the SNA transactior
`program conversational capability to facilitate a con-
`versation between the transaction program and a relay
`transaction controlled by the transaction processing
`system at which the initiating terminal is located.
`
`transaction services In DPCX, the part of application
`services that aids a program in creating and storing the
`results of operator transactions.
`
`includes
`transaction services layer The layer that
`service transaction programs and provides configura-
`tion services, directory services, management services,
`session services, and topology and routing services.
`
`transaction type A value that identifies the work to
`be performed on a document.
`
`that can transmit and
`transceiver (1) Any terminal
`receive traffic.
`(2) ln AS/400 communications,
`the
`device that connects
`the transceiver cable to the
`Ethernet coaxial cable.
`The transceiver is used to
`transmit and receive data.
`
`the cable and
`transceiver cable In communications,
`its connectors that connects the input/output adapter to
`the transceiver.
`
`transcribe To copy data from one data medium to
`another, converting them as necessary for acceptance
`by the receiving medium.
`(T)
`
`transcript In AIX remote communications, a file that
`contains a record of commands entered on the remote
`system and the response of the remote system to those
`commands.
`
`transcription machine A machine designed solely to
`reproduce speech recorded by a dictation machine so
`that a written record can be produced. (I)
`
`transducer A device for converting energy from one
`form to another. (A)
`
`transfer (1) To send data from one place and receive
`the data at another place. (I)
`(A) Synonymous with
`move.
`(2) In word processing,
`the movement of
`selected recorded text from one element of a recording
`medium to another.
`(T)
`(3) To read data from aux-
`iliary storage or from an input device into processor
`storage or from processor storage to auxiliary storage
`or to an output device.
`(4) Deprecated term for jump.
`(5) See binary-image transfer, block transfer, periph-
`eral transfer, radial transfer.
`
`Note: A transfer usually does not erase data from the
`original location.
`
`transfer check A check on the accuracy of a data
`transfer. (A)
`
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`support real-time, transaction driven applications. The
`specialized architecture of TPF is intended to optimize
`system efficiency, reliability, and responsiveness for
`data communication and database processing.
`TPF
`provides real-time inquiry and update to a large, cen-
`tralized database, where message length is relatively
`short in both directions, and response time is generally
`tess
`than three seconds.
`Formerly known as
`the
`Airline
`Control
`Program/Transaction
`Processing
`Facility (ACP/TPF).
`
`transaction processing system (1) A system that
`supervises the sharing of resources for processing mul-
`fiple transactions concurrently. Transaction processing
`systems are designed to support
`interactive applica-
`tions in which requests submitted by people at termi-
`na1s are processed as
`soon as
`they are received.
`Results are returned to the requester in a relatively
`'3, period of time.
`(2) An IMS/VS system in a
`- ultisystem environment accepting transactions from a
`nt-end system, calls application programs for trans-
`‘on processing,
`and routes
`all
`replies back to
`t-end system for response to terminal.
`See also
`need system,
`front-end system, pseudo-front-end
`III.
`
`‘»:<
`
`.
`
`program (1) In DPPX, an application
`,;13m executed in response to a transaction request.
`A program that processes transactions in an SNA
`ork.
`There are two kinds of transaction pro-
`.~
`application transaction programs and service
`tion programs.
`See also conversation.
`(3) In
`, a program that performs services related to
`o essing of a transaction. One or more trans-
`programs may operate within a VTAM applica-
`v.- gram that
`is using the VTAM application
`'I interface (API).
`In that situation, the trans-
`program would request services from the appli-
`. program, using protocols defined by that
`‘n program.
`The application program,
`in
`=
`Id request services from the VTAM program
`_ g the APPCCMD macroinstruction.
`(4) In
`I-, 400
`system,
`a
`user-supplied
`application
`.for processing data received by the AS/400
`,m a finance device.
`
`
`
`I record A record in a transaction data set
`one or more executions of a program that is
`- erate transaction records.
`
`-
`
`I record header Identification and control
`< at the beginning of the first block of a
`-lbcord.
`
`facility that
`a
`routing In CICS/VS,
`— "‘ S Of terminals controlled by a CICS/VS
`i
`' eS$ing system to initiate transactions
`saction programs controlled by other
`' 988mg systems. The CICS/VS trans-
`
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