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`IPR2017-00152
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`Page 1
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`ALISON – Ex. 1028
`Alison v. Aspen
`IPR2017-00152
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`:5.U.
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`EmUG3R.E.
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`Copyright ©1994-2001 Britannica.com Inc.
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`International Standard Book Number o-85229-771-8
`Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica.
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`advanced ceramics: Spray roasting
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`Page 1 of 1
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`advanced ceramics: Spray roasting
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`Spray roasting
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`Spray roasting involves spray atomization of solutions of water—soluble salts into a heated chamber. The
`temperature and transit time are adjusted so as to accomplish rapid evaporation and oxidation. The result is a
`high—purity powder with fine particle size. A modification of spray roasting, known as rapid thermal
`decomposition of solutions (RTDS), can yield nano-size oxide powders——that is, particles measured in
`nanometres (one—billionth ofa metre).
`
`The sol-gel route
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`An increasingly popular method for producing ceramic powders is sol-gel processing. Stable dispersions, or
`sols, of small particles (less than 0.1 micrometre) are formed from precursor chemicals such as metal
`alkoxides or other metalorganics. By partial evaporation of the liquid or addition of a suitable initiator, a
`polymer-like, three-dimensional bonding tak_es place within the sol to form a gelatinous network, or gel. The
`gel can then be dehydrated and calcined to obtain a fine, intimately mixed ceramic powder.
`
`Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopadia Britannica, Inc.
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`file :///C:/Pr0gram%20Files%2()(x86)/Britannica/2001/cache/intb_77#A.htrnl
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`advanced ceramics: The Pechini process
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`advanced ceramics: The Pechini process
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`Tape casting
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`Tape casting is another process that was originally used with traditional ceramics but has achieved a high level
`of sophistication for advanced ceramics. In particular, tape—casting methods are used to make substrates for
`integrated circuits and the multilayer structures used in both integrated—circuit packages and multilayer
`capacitors. Figure 1
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`is a schematic diagram of a common tape—casting method called doctor blading. In this
`process a ceramic powder slurry, containing an organic solvent such as ethanol and various
`other additives (e.g., polymer binder), is continuously cast onto a moving carrier surface
`made of a smooth, "no-sticl<" material such as Teflon (trademark). A smooth knife edge
`spreads the slurry to a specified thickness, the solvent is evaporated, and the tape is rolled
`onto a take-up reel for additional processing.
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`Figure 1: Steps in
`doctor blading, a
`tape—casting
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`:)r:.‘:f1eeS:rfj';1lfC'%$]dOf Two other tape—casting methods are the waterfall technique and the paper—casting process.
`ceramic...
`In the waterfall technique a conveyor belt carries a flat surface through a continuous,
`recirculated waterfall of slurry. This method-—which is commonly employed to coat candy
`with chocolate-—has also been used to form thin-film dielectrics for capacitors as well as thick-film porous
`electrodes for fuel cells. The paper—casting process involves dipping a continuous paper tape into a ceramic
`powder slurry. The Coated paper is dried and rolled onto take-up reels. In subsequent firing operations the
`paper is burned away, leaving the ceramic structure.
`
`Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.
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`fi1e:///C:/Prograrn%20Fi1es%20(x86)/Britannica/2001 /cache/info_1 ()6_.htm1
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`10/28/2016
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`advanced ceramics: The Pechini process
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`Page 1 of 1
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`advanced ceramics: The Pechini process
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`homogenizing
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`Figure 1: Steps in doctor blading, a tape—casting process employed in the production of ceramic films. Ceramic
`powder and solvent are mixed to form a slurry, which is treated with various additives and binders,
`homogenized, and then pumped directly to atape-casting machine. There the slurry is continuously cast onto
`the surface of a moving carrier film. The edge of a smooth knife, generally called a doctor blade, spreads the
`slurry onto the carrier film at a specified thickness, thereby generating aflexible tape. Heat lamps gently
`evaporate the solvent, and the dry tape is peeled away from the carrier film and rolled onto a take-up reel for
`additional processing.
`
`Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
`
`Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
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`fi1e:///C:/Prograrn%20Fi1es%20(x86)/Britannica/2001/cache/info_ 1 07_.htm1
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`10/28/2016
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`Page 10
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