REPORT
`
`Workshop on
`Information to the Public – Warning and Alarm System,
`Technical Aspects
`
`FINLAND
`2000
`
`1/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
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`
`
`Workshop on
`Information to the Public – Warning and Alarm System,
`Technical Aspects
`
`FINLAND
`2000
`
`1/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Foreword
`
`Workshop programme
`
`Welcome and introduction
`
`Presentations
`
`Future broadcast services, Jorma Laiho
`
`Addressing public through cellular networks, Mikko J. Salminen
`
`The national steering committee for public warning and
`informing the public, David Hay
`
`Aspects of using modern technologies for informing
`and warning the public, Hannu Rantanen
`
`The Swedish warning and alarm system, Hans Berged & Enrico Lundin
`
`(Supplementary) Warning and alert system (for people hard
`of hearing and deaf people), Paul Geerlings & Joop Boor
`
`Digital authority radio network in Finland, TETRA-standard,
`Peteveikko Lyly
`
`The information and warning system in the
`Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, Charles Bruck
`
`Experience after using early warning systems, Ib Bertelsen
`
`Swiss alarm system, Daniel Haefliger
`
`Results of the group work
`
`Remarks
`
`List of participants
`
`Questionnaire summary
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
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`2
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`3
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`3
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`5
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`6
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`20
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`34
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`41
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`44
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`48
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`56
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`71
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`100
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`107
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`112
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`Foreword
`
`Three workshops were organized in 2000 with the aim of providing a basis for creating
`and identifying mutual interests and joint actions at the European Community level within
`the major project "Information to the Public".
`
`The three workshops concentrated on different aspects of informing and warning the
`public:
`
`-information to the public during and after an accident (Germany)
`-accident prevention and training and informing the public when no accident
`is at hand (Sweden)
`-possibilities offered by modern technology and new innovations when
`warning and informing the public (Finland).
`
`The purpose of the Finnish workshop was to bring together experts from Member States
`of the European Community to discuss and exchange information related to public
`warning, information and alarm systems. Other objectives of the workshop were to
`evaluate the impact of new information technologies on warning and alarm systems as
`well as their influence on the public. The workshop concentrated on technical aspects and
`new innovations in warning and information systems. Discussions also centred on how to
`harmonise the signals, signs and ways of informing the public and especially how to take
`care of special groups, for example tourists, the old and people with disabilities.
`
`The workshop was organized by the Finnish Ministry of the Interior and the Emergency
`Services College and was supported by the European Commission.
`
`A questionnaire on technical systems and arrangements for warning and informing the
`public was sent to participants in advance, and the organizers produced a summary on
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`3
`
`the basis of the answers. The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out what kind of
`technical systems and arrangements are in use in Member States and what plans their
`are for developing them in the future.
`Some observations based on the questionnaire were:
`
`-public information and warning systems and methods differ between Member
`States
`-some countries have no national warning system at all
`-radio and TV are very important for informing and warning the public
`-expectations concerning the use of new technologies and applications in the
`future are high.
`
`A summary of the responses is enclosed.
`
`The organizers would like to thank all participants, speakers and all those who contributed
`to the success of the workshop as well as its financial sponsors.
`
`Workshop programme
`
`28th – 29th September 2000
`Chairmen: Mikko Jääskeläinen, Finland
`Ray East, United Kingdom
`
`Welcome and introduction
`
`The workshop was opened by Janne Koivukoski, Director of the Telecommunications
`Unit, Ministry of the Interior, Finland, and Heikki Uusitalo, Deputy Principal of the
`Emergency Services College. Both extended a warm welcome to the participants and
`stressed the importance of the workshop in creating a secure future in Europe.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`4
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`As the world becomes smaller and with increasing free movement and international
`contacts between people increasing, it is becoming necessary to harmonize the warning
`and alarm systems in use. For example, in certain situations the same acoustic and
`warning signals could be used, which would induce the same reaction everywhere. In
`future, increasing use should be made of the possibilities offered by new technology and
`media in co-operation throughout Europe, taking into account special groups, such as
`tourists, old people and people with disabilities.
`
`Reference could be made to the implementation of the European emergency number
`throughout the EU. In Finland, the 112 emergency number was introduced in 1993.
`
`Workshops of this type are excellent fora for exchanging information and experiences
`between experts from different countries and create a good basis for further work on the
`“Information to the Public” project, which is necessary for the creation of a common secure
`future.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`Presentations
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`6
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`Future broadcast services
`
`Kuopio 28.10.2000
`Jorma Laiho
`Deputy Managing Director
`Digita Oy
`FINLAND
`www.digitv.fi
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`1
`
`Digita Oy
`
`Digita is a subsidiary of Yleisradio Oy (Finnish Broadcasting
`Company). Digita, which was spun off the distribution
`technology of Yleisradio, started as an independent company
`in 1.1.1999. The ownership basis of Digita will be expanded.
`
`Digita is in charge of reliable distribution of radio and television
`programmes to all Finns. Broadcasting networks of Digita
`cover the whole country.
`
`The turnover of the company
` in the year 2000 will be about
` FIM 400 million,
` employees about 385.
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
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`7/44
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`7
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`Digita Oy
`
`Digita brings digital television and radio with all it’s
`possibilities to Finland.
`Constructing and operating the digital terrestrial
`broadcasting network is one part of this function.
`
`Transmission networks and digital information
`networks are becoming closer to each other in the
`next few years. Digita is participating in this
`development by offering its technical
`expertise and solutions.
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`3
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`Where the Finns get daily information ?
`How they are using Radio- and TV ?
`
`Radio listening 1999
`tot. 3t 10min
`
`26 %
`
`8 %
`
`8 %
`
`TV wieving 1999
`tot. 2h41min
`2 %
`
`3 %
`10 %
`
`23 %
`
`13 %
`
`1 %
`
`RDS based ALARM-
`RDS based ALARM-
`and INFO-channel
`and INFO-channel
`
`44 %
`
`20 %
`
`42 %
`
`
`
`., 2hr./dayDaily newspaper circulation is 2.3 Daily newspaper circulation is 2.3 miljmilj., 2hr./day
`
`YLE 1
`YLE S
`
`YLE 2
`Nova
`
`Radio Suomi
`Private
`
`TV 1
`"4"
`
`TV 2
`Satel.
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`MTV3
`Other
`
`4
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`8
`
`People are using mainly major TV channels and listening main radio programs but private radio
`sector is very fragmented. All important notices are using RDS-system, which is connected to Radio
`Suomi. Private stations use a simple relay system to forward very important emergency messages in
`their network. System is tested regularly and is very reliable and jamming resistant.
`
`Television - a powerful media !
`
`Daily reach of Finnish television
`1998 71% of population
`(TV1 55%, TV2 49%, MTV3 60%, Nelonen 26%)
`1999 75% of population
`(TV1 58%, TV2 53%, MTV3 64%, Nelonen 35%)
`
`Europeans watch even more television
`Multitasking
`Non active working population
`Ageing population
`(persons over 45 years prefer comfort to fashion/
`Kauppalehti 18.5.2000)
`
`The average time used for watching television per day and by
`population 10+years
`
`2:17
`
`2:21
`
`2:30
`
`2:30
`
`2:30
`
`2:41
`
`3:58
`
`2:55
`
`2:23
`
`2:33
`
`1:39 1:42
`
`1:12
`
`1994 1995
`
`1996 1997 1998 1999
`
`'3-9y
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`Source: Finnpanel Oy
`14.3.2001
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
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`'10-14y '15-24y '25-34y '35-44y '45-64y
`'65+
`Reliability
`Easiness
`Content
`
`1998
`
`1999
`
`5
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`9
`
`RDS-alarm system
`AUTHORITY MESSAGES
`BY RADIO
`= ALARM MESSAGE
`= OTHER AUTHORITY MESSAGE
`
`ALARM
`ALARM
`CENTRE
`CENTRE
`
`YLE-CENTRE
`PASILA
`
`FM-NETWORK
`
`REGIONAL
`STUDIOS
`
`RDS-
`CODE
`
`ALARM MESSAGES by TV
`= ALARM MESSAGE by TV
` and TELETEXT
`
`RDS-
`RECEIVER
`
`LOCAL
`RADIO-
`STATION
`
`ALARM
`ALARM
`CENTRE
`CENTRE
`
`YLE-CENTRE
`YLE-CENTRE
`PASILA
`PASILA
`
`TV-
`NETWORK
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`6
`
`Some other ways to get information:
`consumer electronics devices in Finland
` (still most popular is RADIO,ca. 20 milj. receivers !)
`4000000
`3500000
`3000000
`2500000
`2000000
`1500000
`1000000
`500000
`0
`1980
`
`B/W-TV
`Colour-TV
`Telephone
`MOBILE
`Cable
`Video
`PC
`Satellite
`INTERNET
`
`1994
`
`1996
`
`1998
`
`2000
`
`1982
`
`1984
`
`1986
`
`1988
`
`1990
`
`1992
`
`14.3.2001
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`KUOPIO seminar
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`7
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`10/44
`
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`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`10
`
`Nowadays their are also other very popular devices and systems available, but they are mainly for
`personal or very private use and not so important at this moment as a mass media. However, internet
`is very important on other way, people are using e-BANK systems very much.
`
`Technology trends
`
`Processor
`Performances
`x 30
`HDD Capacity
`x 100
`Commercial
`fibre transm. cap.
`x 42
`
`10000
`
`1000
`
`100
`
`10
`
`1
`
`0,1
`
`0,01
`
`1970
`
`1980
`
`1990
`
`2000
`
`2010
`
`14.3.2001
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`KUOPIO seminar
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`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`11/44
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`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`11
`
`Teknologian rajat saavuttamatta
`Some facts….
`· Moore’s law is still valid 10-15 years
`More and more capacity:
`· work stations
`· portable PC and networks
`· fully optical transmission
`· radio technology (fully wireless !)
`· Adaptive transceivers (now dual and
`triple mode mobile phones)
`· Digital signal processing and
`transmission is everywhere
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`9
`
`Signaalin tie 2005
`Some drivers….
`
`·technology
`·displays
`·RF-section (soft- radio)
`·signal processing
`·miniature size
`·deregulation
`·globalisation
`·customer needs
`·easy, portable,cheap
`·convergence
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`10
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`12/44
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`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`12
`
`Trends
`
`• Deregulation/ harmonization
`• Globalization
`• Convergence
`• Integration (mergers,”major players”)
`• Internet will be an essential part of our everyday life
`• Online and offline services/functions complement each
`other
`• Broadband connections become generalized
`• Freedom - Mobile Internet
`• Increasing rate of change
`• Hybrid services
`
`14.3.2001
`
`Information become digital...
`… and it should be reachable everywhere
`…whenever you need it
`KUOPIO seminar
`…using various receivers and tools
`
`11
`
`All information is digital...
`… and it must be available everywhere and
`anytime
`…using different terminals
`Web and e-mail boundaries...
`·Fixed lines
`·ISDN, ADSL, xDSL, fibres
`·Mobile
`·cellular networks: GSM, GPRS, WAP, UMTS
`· wireless LANs
`·Digital-TV (DVB),terrestrial, cable, satellite
`·Digital radio (DAB)
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`12
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`13/44
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`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`13
`
`Distribution channels
`
`Broadcasting,
`continuance
`
`On-demand-
`type,
`video kiosk
`
`Text and
`video…
`data
`
`Services and
`p-to-p
`communication
`
`DVB-T
`
`DVB-S
`
`DVB-T,
`DVB-C,
`DVB-S
`
`Fixed
`connections
`
`Modem,
`ISDN,
`ADSL
`
`Cellular
`Networks,
`UMTS
`
`DVB-C
`
`DAB
`
`Television:
`PC:
`Application
`lean
`lean
`specific
`backward
`forward
`receivers
`14.3.2001
`KUOPIO seminar
`= digital television paradigm!
`
`Mobile
`phones
`
`UMTS
`
`ADSL
`
`13
`
`Content
`
`Distribution
`
`Receiver
`
`DVB-T
`
`DVB-S
`
`UMTS
`
`ADSL
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`14
`
`DAB
`
`DVB-C
`
`14.3.2001
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`14/44
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`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`14
`
`Convergence in digital media
`
`Telecom
`
`Epoch
`
`PC
`
`SMS
`
`WAP
`
`UMTS
`
`Media
`Screen
`
`Internet
`MP3
`
`DVB-T
`
`CD
`DVD
`
`DAB
`
`Broadcasting
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`15
`
`Digital Television is
`the basis of
`Information Society
`
`14.3.2001
`
`How the nature of ’telephony’ is changing
`
`Delivery
`of content
`transactions
`
`State 4.
` Next generation
`wireline
`service provision
`’IP MM’
`
`State 3.
`
`Next generation
`mobile service
`provision
`’media phone’
`
`Network
`connections
`are used for:
`
`State 1.
`
`Transition 3
`Year 2000 -
`
`State 2.
`
`Transition 2
`Year 1995 -
`
`Traditional
`voice comms
`
`’Telephony’
`
`Wireless
`telephony
`for voice
`
`Transition 1
`Year 1980-
`Wireline Wireless/Mobile
` Type of Network connections
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`16
`
`14.3.2001
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
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`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`15
`
`Network Media Interfaces
`
`Complex
`interaction
`(via keyboard)
`
`On-line games
`
`Web surfing
`
`Electronic
`commerce
`
`Unified messaging
`
`Pay-per-view
`EPG
`Game shows
`Gambling
`
`TV watching
`
`Simple
`interaction
`(via remote)
`
`Passive
`
`Account viewing
`Broadcast data
`(text TV)
`
`Catalog sales
`Interactive ads
`Impulse ordering
`Simple purchases
`
`Direct response
`advertising
`
`Entertainment
`
`Information
`
`Commerce
`
`Communications
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`17
`
`Distribution platform to be used
`
`content to be delivered
`via the networks
`most suitable
`for broadcasting
`i.e. real-time sport
`and news broadcasts
`
`Content to be delivered via the
`networks most suitable for interactive
`one-to-one delivery; i.e. on-demand sales
`via telecom type of networks
`
`# of
`Users
`
`107
`
`106
`
`105
`
`104
`
`103
`
`102
`
`102
`
`103
`
`104
`
`105
`
`106
`
`# of programs
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
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`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
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`16
`
`Feature
`
`DVB-T DVB-S DVB-C DAB ADSL UMTS
`
`Broadcast
`Point-to-Point
`Capacity
`
`Urban areas
`Rural areas
`
`Regionally Ok
`Mobile
`Weather
`Crisis resistant
`
`+
`-
`+
`
`++
`++
`
`+
`+
`+
`+
`
`++
`-
`++
`
`+
`++
`
`-
`-
`-
`-
`
`+
`+
`++
`
`++
`-
`
`++
`-
`++
`+
`
`+
`-
`+
`
`+
`++
`
`+
`++
`+
`+
`
`-
`++
`++
`
`++
`+
`
`++
`-
`++
`+
`
`-
`++
`+
`
`++
`+
`
`++
`++
`+
`+
`
`Competition between different transmission routes is very hard
`but there is no clear winners.
`14.3.2001
`KUOPIO seminar
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`19
`
`TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS
`
`MUX System
`
`TV+
`
`Interact.
`Service
`Platform
`
`SI
`
`SAS
`
`SDH
`NETWORK
`
`34/155
`Mbit/s
`
`REMUX
`SPLICING
`
`Trans
`mitter
`
`Local
`Insertion
`
`National Center
`•Encoding
`•statistical multiplexing
`•DVB-subtitling
`•SI editing and insertion
`•multiplexing and scrambling
`•System management
`•Data insertion (value added services etc.)
`•network adapters
`•monitoring
`
`Regional sites
`•Local encoding
`•remultiplexing/
`local insertion
`•SI insertion
`•SFN synchronization
`•network adapters
`•monitoring
`
`Transmitter sites
`•transmitters
`•antennas
`•channel combiners
`•network adapters
`•modulators
`•simulcast analog services
`•monitoring
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
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`20
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`17/44
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`
`17
`
`New TV services
`2000 - 2002
`
`DVB Internet profile
`• ”Real” Internet services
`
`Internet Content
`
`DVB Interactive
`Broadcast
`• Return channel
`• Tailored ”interactive”
` Services
`
`DVB Enhanced
`Broadcast
`• TV services
`• No interaction or
` Local interaction
`
`2000
`14.3.2001
`
`No Interaction
`
`Information Society Services
`Interaction
`
`Weak Interaction
`
`Value-added services in a TV program
`Strong Interaction
`
`SuperText-TV
`
`EPG
`
`2001
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`2002
`
`21
`
`YLE´s Digital Public Service Proposal
`
`Individual communication needs
`
`Special Audiences
`
`Information Society Service
`
`DigiTV- and DAB-services
`
`Digital thematic channels:
`deepening and focusing
`service
`
`Basic Channels: interpretation and unity
`
`Basic Audience Segments
`
`Target- and
`peergroup
`communication
`
`14.3.2001
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`KUOPIO seminar
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`22
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
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`18/44
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`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`18
`
`Value chain - From left to right
`
`Model 12
`
`NETWORK
`
`GATEWAY
`
`Service
`A
`
`Service
`B
`
`Service
`C
`
`Content
`Provider
`
`Content
`Provider
`
`Content
`Provider
`
`Content creation,
`content ownership
`
`Service
`brokerage
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`Information
`delivery
`via multiple
`networks
`
`Customer
`equipment
`
`23
`
`Convergence: Media Screen
`
`Internet
`
`Mobile
`
`Digi-TV
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`19/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`19
`
`Media Screen - still a prototype - but a good example of convergence. New possibilities, new
`services, new infowar threats.
`
`… for further information
`
`DIGITA OY
`
`jorma.laiho@digita.fi
`
`tel +358 20 411 7200
`gsm +358 40 566 3466
`
`www.digitv.fi
`
`14.3.2001
`
`KUOPIO seminar
`
`25
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`20/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`20
`
`Addressing public through
`cellular networks
`
`Mikko J. Salminen
`Kuopio, 28.09.2000
`
`mikko.j.salminen@kolumbus.fi
`
`Cellular networks
`z Analog networks (NMT, TACS, AMPS, Netz
`C) closing down
`z GSM 900/1800/1900 global leader
`z Growth path from GSM to GPRS, EDGE
`and UMTS
`z Penetration in Finland over 70%, basically
`everybody between 15 and 65 has a
`mobile phone
`z Penetration over 100% by 2003 due to
`telematics applications
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`21/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`21
`
`Voice services
`
`zPoint-to-point phone calls
`zPoint-to-multipoint calls
`yServer based
`ySwitch based
`yTo replace closed radio systems
`yPrioritization problem
`
`Messaging services in the mobile network, such as the Short Message Service (SMS),
`play a crucial role in value added (information) services. An innovative network capability
`has recently been introduced in addition to SMS; Cell Broadcasting. Cell Broadcasting
`enables the end-user to receive different kinds of push information from different
`originators.
`CMG has developed the Cell Broadcast System. The unique service model of this system
`allows content providers to fully control real-time, location based information services,
`whereas the operator keeps full control of the network topology.
`The resulting environment offers benefits for all three parties: the content providers,
`network operators, and subscribers. The first party can work with various operators (and
`vice versa). The second is able to generate additional network traffic for very little effort or
`investment. The third gets a wide range of information services from a single source.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`22/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`22
`
`Circuit switched data services
`
`zPoint-to-point
`z9.6 kbit/s
`zHSCSD
`yn*9.6-14.4 kbit/s
`y2+2 or 1+3 today in some networks
`(28.8+28.8 or 14.4+43.2)
`y4-5 max timeslots i.e. with single radio
`
`GPRS
`zGeneral Packet Radio System
`z“Mobile IP Network”
`zBearer for WAP and internet
`applications
`z1Q/2001 probable launch
`zmax 30-40 kbit/s
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`23/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`23
`
`EDGE, UMTS
`zSame services
`zMore speed 100-384 kbit/s
`zLaunch 2002-2004
`
`Location based services
`zTracking
`yVehicles
`yPeople
`yAny valuable object
`zInfo services
`zNavigation
`zSeveral technologies
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`24/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`24
`
`Short message service (SMS)
`
`z30 messages/user/month in Finland
`zTeenagers: more SMS than call
`charges
`zPoint-to-point
`yMS-MS
`ySMSC-MS, “mass delivery” (<60 msg/s)
`yMS-SMSC-MS, information services
`ySMSC-MS-SMSC, information gathering,
`positioning
`
`Short message service (SMS)
`
`zApplications
`yPersonal communications
`yInfo services, request
`yInfo services, push
`yM2M, Machine-to-machine
`yIcons
`yRinging tones
`yBearer: WAP, File transfer
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`25/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`25
`
`Cell broadcast service
`
`Functional Concept (1)
`
`Cell Broadcast Entity
`
`Cell Broadcast Centre
`
`Mobile Network
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`26/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`26
`
`A Cell Broadcast System distributes content to mobile phones located in a certain area, as
`specified by the content provider. The smallest area an operator may address is a single
`radio cell, the largest area is the complete mobile network. The functionality of the Cell
`Broadcast System is similar to that of a Short Message Service Centre. In both cases an
`originator sends a message to the display or the memory of a mobile phone. A significant
`difference is that Short Messages are addressed to an individual phone whereas Cell
`Broadcast messages are addressed to an area; all mobile phones that have activated
`reception of the applicable type of Cell Broadcasting information will receive and present
`the message.
`Cell Broadcasting has currently been standardised for GSM only, for other mobile
`technologies standardisation of Cell Broadcasting is underway. The GSM standards define
`the following functional entities for Cell Broadcasting.
`Content providers work off line on the so-called Cell Broadcast Entity or CBE in order to
`create and maintain the messages to be broadcast. Once created, the CBE sends the
`message text, broadcast area and additional parameters such as time of broadcast to the
`Cell Broadcast Centre (CBC).
`The CBC holds the relevant information on network topology and geographical location of
`each base station (in ETSI terminology: Base Transceiver Station, BTS). The operator
`manages the CBC, and ensures that it is kept up to date with any changes of BTS location
`in the actual network.
`The CBC determines which BTSs need to broadcast the message in order to cover the
`area defined by the content provider, and instructs the Base Station Subsystem of the
`mobile network to broadcast the message, with the appropriate parameters. The BTSs
`then are loaded with the appropriae information and perform the actual broadcast.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`27/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`27
`
`Functional Concept (2)
`
`• Criterion A = Driving distance to Amsterdam is less than 30 minutes
`• Criterion B = Over 20% of the families earn more than 50 K $ per year
`• Criterion C = Over 10% of the families have 2 or more children under the age of 4
`
`Cell Broadcast Entity
`
`For content providers Cell Broadcasting is a unique way of distributing their (existing)
`information in real time to a location-specific audience. By combining geographical
`information with demographic information, the content provider can address target groups
`in a very advanced manner. Areas are selected through a powerful Geographical
`Information System, with an intuitive GUI for entry of message text and parameters.
`In the example shown in this slide, the demographic database in the Geographical
`Information System is queried using three criteria.
`
` The resulting area is then used as a broadcast area.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`28/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`28
`
`Functional Concept (3)
`
`Cell Broadcast Entity
`
`Cell Broadcast Centre
`
`+ Send
`
`Besides the broadcast area, the content provider defines message content,the Message
`Identifier (also called channel number) and several other parameters. The Message
`Identifier is used by the end user to select the broadcast information they want to receive;
`it typically corresponds to a certain type of information.
`This slide shows how the complete message definition is sent from the CBE to the Cell
`Broadcast Centre (CBC).
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`29/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`29
`
`Functional Concept (4)
`
`CBC
`
`BSC
`
`BSC
`
`BSC
`
`BSC
`
`ABC Care opens
`advanced
`daycare centre
`in Amsterdam!
`Call 0800 -19010
`for details
`
`The CBC receives the geographical definition of the broadcast area from the content
`provider, selects the relevant base stations for the area and stores the CB message until
`the specified start time arrives. Or, if the content provider has specified that broadcast
`must start as soon as possible, the CBC starts the broadcast immediately.
`The CBC transmits the broadcast message to the Base Station Controllers that control the
`base stations that need to broadcast the message. This process is automatic and
`seamless.
`The Base Station controllers then load the relevant data to the BTSs who start
`broadcasting the message accordingly.
`The Cell Broadcast system supports messages in several languages, coded in the ETSI
`Default Alphabet and UCS2, as defined in GSM specification 03.38. Cell Broadcast
`information can be broadcast in binary format as well, for handling by automated end user
`applications.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`30/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`30
`
`Service characteristics of
`Cell Broadcasting
`z Efficient distribution of information to
`large groups
`z Text and binary messages
`z End user control over available
`“channels” (Message Identifiers)
`z Location specific
`z Real time
`z Push information in defined area
`z Address the area, not the user
`z Cost-effective for high volumes
`
`Cell Broadcasting is often referred to as the mobile equivalent of Videotext. To a large
`extent, this comparison is justified:
`Like Videotext, Cell Broadcasting distributes information to a high numbers of users. The
`effort required to distribute information is completely independent of the number of users
`that (have chosen to) receive the information.
`Cell Broadcasting distributes information in the form of messages, very similar to the well
`known Short Messages. These messages can be in text as well as binary form. The length
`of a Cell Broadcast messages is between 1 and 15 pages of 82 octets (93 characters in
`the default alphabet).
`Also like Videotext, it is the end user who determines whether and if so, which information
`is presented. More than 65,000 channels (or, in ETSI terminology: Message Identifiers)
`are available, each corresponding to a specific type of information. The user activates and
`deactivates the reception of Cell Broadcast channels individually.
`Cell Broadcasting also offers a number of features that videotext cannot offer.
`Cell Broadcasting enables sending of location specific information. With an accuracy of
`individual base stations, the content provider specifies the area in which each message is
`to be broadcast.
`Cell Broadcast is more suitable for real time applications than Videotext. Not that the
`broadcast mechanism itself offers a better real time behavior, but the terminal required to
`receive Cell Broadcasting information is a terminal that the user carries with him all the
`time, whereas people do not carry TV sets.
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`31/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`31
`
`Cell Broadcast System in
`GSM and UMTS
`
`4
`
`2
`
`MS
`
`MS
`
`UE
`
`UE
`
`BTS
`
`BTS
`
`3
`
`UTRAN
`
`Node B
`
`Node B
`
`Iub
`
`BSC
`
`RNC
`
`Uu
`
`IuBC
`
`Cell
`Broadcast
`Center
`
`(CBC)
`
`CBE
`
`1
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`32/44
`
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`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`32
`
`Drivers for Cell Broadcast
`z Local emergency warnings
`z Push consumer information
`ye-coupons
`ytriggers, causing users to start calling
`yenhancement of handset MMI, user perceives
`“pull”
`yWAP push
`
`What should the handset
`receive via Cell Broadcast ?
`
`CB
`
`Positioning support info
`
`Emergency info for immediate display
`
`User info to store in handset (teletext)
`
`Traffic info for a Car-Telematic device
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`33/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`Information to the public –
`Warning and alarm system
`REPORT
`
`33
`
`What can be improved in
`handset?
`
`z 23.041: “The CBS service is analogous to the Teletex
`service offered on television, in that like Teletex, it
`permits a number of unacknowledged general CBS
`messages to be broadcast to all receivers within a
`particular region…”
`
`z Easy MMI to receive and display localized
`information
`z PUSH, where user perceives PULL on
`handset
`
`Ministry of the Interior
`Rescue Department
`P.O.Box 26
`FIN-00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO
`
`34/44
`
`DOJ EX. 1024
`
`
`
`THE NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE FOR PUBLICTWARNING AND
`INFORMING THE PUBLIC
`
`DAVID HAY
`
`The National Steering Committee for Warning and lnfonning the Public
`is a multi-agency group, set up in 21997,-established by representatives‘
`of central and local government, emergency ‘services, statutory
`undertakings, professional bodies and the media. Its creation was one of
`the by-products of a national workshop, held in 1996, which addressed
`concerns about the effectiveness and efficiency of public warning and
`information systems in the U.K.
`The broad purpose of the National Steering Committee (N.S.C.) is to
`provide an advisory body capable of reviewing existing systems, and
`coordinating the development of both improvements to existing
`methods and new systems of warning and infonning the public, and
`improving public education and awareness.
`The 1996 workshop produced numerous recommendations, and so the
`newly formed N.S.C. nominated a small task force to produce clear
`terms of reference and to identify objectives.
`Over the subsequent months, an action plan was established.
`Four working groups were created:
`
`Public Education Group
`
`Media Issues Group
`
`Sirens and Public Address Group
`
`New Technology Group
`
`These groups are all working to the following N.S.C. aim and objectives:
`
`AIM:
`To encourage improvements in the arrangements for warning members
`of the public of an imminent or actual threat to life, health or property
`and to inform them of the appropriate action to take.
`
`OBJECTIVES:
`1. To identify what exists now, any possible improvements and
`potential developments to maximise the extent of the warning;
`2. To clarify the responsibilities for initiating processes and issuing
`messages in a timely manner;
`3. To identify statutory responsibilities andlor codes of practice;
`4. To establish a mechanism to ensure that warnings and infonnation
`are transmitted by the media in a timely manner;
`5. To measure the effectiveness of the processes.
`
`35/44
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`
`
`
`
`The N.S.C. intends to produce an interim report, for wide circulation," this
`Autumn. The report will contain recommendations for further work into
`specific areas.
`‘
`‘
`
`This paper will focus on three areas of work on which the N.S.C. has
`concentrated since its creation.
`’
`
`.
`
`SCOPING PAPER:
`
`From the outset, it was recognised that there needed to be an
`understanding and appreciation, among the member organisations
`representatives on the Committee, of the scope and pote
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