SG24-4662-00
`
`Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON)
`Implementation Guide
`
`July 1996
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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
`
`Page A
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`

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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
`
`Page B
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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
`
`Page B
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`

`
`IBML
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`International Technical Support Organization
`
`SG24-4662-00
`
`Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON)
`Implementation Guide
`
`July 1996
`
`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
`
`Page i
`
`

`
`Take Note!
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`Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in
`Chapter 9, “Special Notices” on page 251.
`
`First Edition (July 1996)
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`This edition applies to the Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON) environment as announced on June 16, 1992.
`
` Warning
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`This book is based on a pre-GA version of a product and may not apply when the product becomes generally
`available.
`It is recommended that, when the product becomes generally available, you destroy all copies of
`this version of the book that you have in your possession.
`
`Comments may be addressed to:
`IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization
`Dept. HYJ Mail Station P099
`522 South Road
`Poughkeepsie, New York 12601-5400
`
` Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1996. All rights reserved.
`Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is
`subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
`
`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
`
`Page ii
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`(cid:211)
`

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`Contents
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`Preface
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`How This Redbook Is Organized
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`The Team That Wrote This Redbook
`Comments Welcome
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`ix
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`Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Chapter 1.
`1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`Chapter 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`Chapter 3. System/370 Architecture and Implementation
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`3.1 Introduction to the S/370 I/O Interface
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`3.1.1 Information Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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`3.1.2 Types of Channels
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`3.2 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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`Chapter 4. Fiber Optic Technology .
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`4.1 Optical Fiber Advantages
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`4.2 Optical Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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`4.3 Propagation of Light in an Optical Fiber
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`4.4 Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
`4.5 Transmission Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
`4.5.1 Single-Mode Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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`4.5.2 Multi-Mode Fiber
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`4.6 Refractive Index Profile
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`4.6.1 Step Index
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`4.7 Dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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`4.8 Light Sources and Detectors
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`4.8.1 Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
`4.8.2 Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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`4.9 Fiber Optic Standards
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`4.9.1 Fiber Channel Standard
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`4.9.2 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
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`4.9.3 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
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`4.9.4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
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`4.9.5 Fiber Distributed Date Interface (FDDI)
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`Chapter 5. ESCON I/O Architecture
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`5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
`5.1.1 Physical Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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`5.1.2 Data Transmission and Encoding, Protocols, and Logical Paths
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`5.2.1 Link Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
`5.2.2 Port States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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`5.3 Link Transmission and Reception
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`5.3.1 Sequences and Frames
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`5.3.3 Link-Level Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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`5.3.4 Logical Paths and I/O Operations
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`5.3.5 Maximum versus Effective Data Rate
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` Copyright IBM Corp. 1996
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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
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`Page iii
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`5.3.6 Effect of Distance on Data Rate
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`Chapter 6. ESCON I/O Architecture Implementation
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`6.1 ESCON Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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`6.1.1 ESCON Capable Host Processors
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`6.1.2 Host Processor Mode of Operation
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`6.1.3 ESCON Channel Software
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`6.1.4 ESCON Channels Operating in Conversion Mode
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`6.1.5 ESCON Channels on ES/3090J and ES/3090-9000T Processors
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`6.1.6 ESCON Channels on IBM 9221 Processors
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`6.1.7 ESCON Channels on IBM 9121 Processors
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`6.1.8 ESCON Channels on IBM 9021 Processors
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`6.1.9 ESCON Channels on 9672 Processors
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`6.1.10 IOCP Definitions for Channel Hardware
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`6.1.11 ESCON Channel Configuration Guidelines
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`6.2 ESCON Multiple Image Facility
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`6.2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
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`6.2.2 Requirements
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`6.2.4 Value
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`6.2.6 Performance
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`6.2.7 General Consolidation Guidelines
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`6.3 IBM 9032 and 9033 ESCON Directors
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`6.3.1 9033 Models 001 and 004
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`6.3.2 9032 Models 002 and 003
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`6.3.3 Model 1 Physical Components
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`6.3.4 Model 2 Physical Components
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`6.3.5 Model 3 Physical Components
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`6.3.6 Model 4 Physical Components
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`6.3.7 ESCD Functional Components
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`6.3.8 ESCD Port Attributes
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`6.3.9 ESCON Director Models 1 and Model 4 Addresses
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`6.3.10 ESCON Director Model 2 Addresses
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`6.3.11 ESCON Director Model 3 Addresses
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`6.3.12 Matrix Display
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`6.3.13 ESCON Director Main Menu
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`6.3.15 IOCP Example
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`6.3.16 Software Support and Requirements
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`6.3.17 Distance Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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`6.3.18 Chaining ESCON Directors
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`6.3.19 ESCD Configuration Guidelines
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`6.4 ESCON Channel-to-Channel Connection
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`6.4.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
`6.4.2 CTC Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
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`6.4.3 ESCON CTC Configuration Guidelines
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`6.4.4 ESCON CTC Basic Mode
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`6.4.5 ESCON CTC Software Support
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`6.4.6 ESCON CTC IOCP Rules
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`6.4.7 ESCON CTC IOCP Examples
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`6.5 IBM 3990 Storage Subsystem
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`6.5.1 Nonsynchronous I/O and Extended Count Key Data
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`6.5.2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
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`Page iv
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`6.5.3 IBM 3990 Logical Paths
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`6.5.4 IBM 3990 Model 6
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`6.5.5 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
`6.5.6 CKD Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
`6.5.7 ESCON Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
`6.5.8 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
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`6.5.9 Software Requirements
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`6.6 IBM RAMAC Array Subsystem .
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`6.6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
`6.6.2 Model Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
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`6.6.3 ESCON Connectivity
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`6.7 IBM 9340 Storage Subsystem
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`6.7.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
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`6.7.2 ESCON Connectivity
`6.7.3 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
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`6.7.4 Software Requirements
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`6.8 IBM 3490 and 3490E ESCON Magnetic Tape Subsystem .
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`6.8.1 3490/3490E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
`6.8.2 3590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
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`6.8.3 3490 Logical Paths
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`6.8.4 3590 Logical Paths
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`6.8.5 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
`6.8.6 ESCON Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
`6.8.7 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
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`6.8.8 Software Requirements - 3490/3490E
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`6.8.9 Software Requirements - 3590
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`6.9 IBM 3494 Tape Library Dataserver
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`6.9.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
`6.9.2 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
`6.9.3 ESCON Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
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`6.9.4 Software Requirements
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`6.10 IBM 3495 Magnetic Tape Library
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`6.10.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
`6.10.2 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
`6.10.3 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
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`6.11 IBM 3745 Communication Controller
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`6.11.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
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`6.11.2 IBM 3745 Logical Paths
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`6.11.3 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
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`6.11.4 ESCON Distances
`6.11.5 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
`6.11.6 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
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`6.12 IBM 3174 Establishment Controller Models 12L/22L
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`6.12.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
`6.12.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
`6.12.3 Product Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
`6.12.4 Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
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`6.12.5 Customization
`6.12.6 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
`6.12.7 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
`6.12.8 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
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`6.13 IBM 3172 Interconnect Controller
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`6.13.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
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`6.13.2 The 3172 Model 1
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`6.13.3 The 3172 Model 2
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`Contents
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`v
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`NETAPP, INC. EXHIBIT 1008
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`Page v
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`6.13.4 3172 Model 1 and 2 Comparisons
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`6.13.5 3172 Model 3
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`6.13.6 Remote Channel-to-Channel Communication
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`6.14 IBM 9034 ESCON Converter Model 1
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`6.14.2 Distance
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`6.14.3 Switching a 9034 Attached Device
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`6.14.5 IOCP Example
`6.14.6 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
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`6.15 IBM 9035 ESCON Converter Model 2
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`6.15.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
`6.15.2 Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
`6.15.3 Distance Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
`6.15.4 IOCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
`6.15.5 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
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`6.16 IBM 9036 ESCON Remote Channel Extender
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`6.16.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
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`6.16.2 9036 Models 001 & 002
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`6.16.3 9036 Model 003
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`6.16.4 9036 Model 004
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`6.16.5 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
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`6.17 IBM 9037 Sysplex Timer
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`6.17.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
`6.17.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
`6.17.3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
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`7.1 ESCON Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
`7.2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
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`7.3 Control Unit Adapter (FC2756)
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`7.3.1 Connectivity
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`7.3.2 Machine Dependencies
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`7.3.3 Software Requirements
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`7.3.4 Application Exploitation
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`7.3.5 Configuration Summary
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`7.4 Channel Emulator (FC2754)
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`7.4.1 Supported Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
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`7.4.2 Supported Devices
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`7.4.3 Software Support
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`7.5 IBM 3995 Optical Library Dataserver
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`7.5.2 IBM 3995 Model 133
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`7.5.3 Software Support for the IBM 3995 Model 133
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`7.5.4 IBM 3995 Model 153
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`7.5.5 Software Support for the IBM 3995 Model 153
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`7.6 IBM 3900 Advanced Function Printer
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`7.6.2 The IBM 3900 Advanced Function Printer
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`7.6.3 The IBM 3900 Advanced Function Duplex Printing System
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`7.6.4 The IBM 3900 Advanced Function Wide Duplex Printing System .
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`7.6.5 The IBM 3900 High Resolution Duplex Printing System
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`7.7 IBM ESCON Manager
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`7.7.2 ESCON Manager V1R3
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` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
`7.7.3 Requirements
`7.7.4 VM Guest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
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`Chapter 8. ESCON Configuration Planning
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`8.1 General Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
`8.2 Logical Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
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`8.2.1 ESCON Channels
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`8.2.2 Processors
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`8.2.3 IBM 9032 and 9033 ESCON Directors
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`8.2.4 IBM 9034 and 9035 ESCON Converters
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`8.2.5 ESCON CTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
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`8.2.7 IBM 9340 Storage Subsystem .
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`8.2.8 IBM 3490/3490E/3590 and 3494/3495
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`8.2.9 IBM 3172 Interconnect Controller
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`8.2.10 IBM 3174 Models 12L/22L
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`8.2.11 IBM 3745 Communication Controller
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`8.2.12 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
`8.3 Physical Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
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`Chapter 9. Special Notices
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`Chapter 10. Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
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`10.1 International Technical Support Organization Publications
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`How To Get ITSO Redbooks
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`How IBM Employees Can Get ITSO Redbooks
`How Customers Can Get ITSO Redbooks
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`Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
`
`Contents
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`
`Preface
`
`Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON) is the most significant change to large
`systems I/O channel architecture in 25 years. This redbook describes ESCON
`architecture, and provides information on ESCON configuration planning,
`migration, and coexistence with conventional channel (OEMI) architecture.
`
`The redbook discusses the limitations of OEMI architecture and illustrates how
`ESCON resolves them. Through the use of fiber optic technology and a radically
`different connection topology, and innovations such as ESCON Directors, ESCON
`Repeater/ Converter, and ESCON Manager, former limitations in processing
`speed, switching and reconfiguration, and distances of attachment are overcome.
`
`In addition, this redbook refers to IBM control units, devices, and interconnection
`components, and describes how to define these to the I/O subsystems of S/390
`processors.
`
`This publication will be of significant value in helping configuration planners,
`system programmers and system operators understand, implement, and
`maintain configurations based on the ESCON architecture.
`
`How This Redbook Is Organized
`This redbook contains 267 pages.
`
`It is organized as follows:
`
`• Chapter 1, “Introduction” summarizes the functional enhancements provided
`by Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON).
`
`• Chapter 2, “Terminology” helps to understand the terms of connection
`elements used for physical installation.
`
`• Chapter 3, “System/370 Architecture and Implementation” was included to
`provide the reader with some basic understanding of the System/370 I/O
`interface.
`
`• Chapter 4, “Fiber Optic Technology” provides background information on
`LED and laser fiber optic terms.
`
`• Chapter 5, “ESCON I/O Architecture” describes the new I/O interface, based
`on fiber optics, the protocols being used, the addressing scheme, the
`dynamic switch capability, and the transmission of data, to provide an overall
`understanding of the data flow within the ESCON network.
`
`• Chapter 6, “ESCON I/O Architecture Implementation” gives descriptions,
`configuration guidelines, and usage recommendations for those products,
`announced during September 1990, that support the ESCON I/O interface.
`
`• Chapter 8, “ESCON Configuration Planning” helps to review the planning or
`installation process of the ESCON products.
`
` Copyright IBM Corp. 1996
`
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`
`The Team That Wrote This Redbook
`This redbook was produced by a team of specialists from around the world
`working at the International Technical Support Organization Poughkeepsie
`Center.
`
`Gene Pate
`
`Lewis Lau
`
`ITSO Poughkeepsie
`
`IBM China/Hong Kong
`
`Robert McCluskey
`
`IBM United Kingdom
`
`Paul Gittins
`
`IBM United Kingdom
`
`Comments Welcome
`We want our redbooks to be as helpful as possible. Should you have any
`comments about this or other redbooks, please send us a note at the following
`address:
`
` redbook@vnet.ibm.com
`
`Your comments are important to us!
`
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`Chapter 1.
`
`Introduction
`
`The Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON) is the most significant change to
`the I/O area of data processing since the original parallel Original Equipment
`Manufacturer Interface (OEMI) was introduced more than 25 years ago.
`
`1.1 Overview
`
`The following is a summary of ESCON announcements since September 5, 1990.
`Full details are found in the appropriate sections of this document and in the
`related publications listed in the Preface.
`
`1.1.1.1 New ESA/390 and New I/O Interface
`ESCON is an integral part of the Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 (ESA/390).
`ESCON replaces the previous /360 and /370 parallel OEMI with the ESCON I/O
`interface supporting new media, and providing new interface protocols.
`Replacing the previous bus-and-tag cables and their multiple data and control
`lines, ESCON provides bi-directional serial bit transmission, in which the
`communication protocol is implemented through sequences of special characters
`and through formatted frames of characters.
`
`1.1.1.2 Fiber Optics
`In contrast to the previous copper cables used in the parallel OEMI, ESCON
`utilizes fiber optic cables for data transmission. These cables are 100 times
`lighter than the old bus-and-tag cables, have substantially reduced bulk, have
`fewer pin connections (and are therefore more reliable), have less loss and
`distortion, and are free from signal skew.
`
`1.1.1.3 Topology
`ESCON introduces a new topology of control unit and channel attachment.
`ESCON control units and channels are attached in a switched point-to-point
`arrangement. The switching capabilities allow multiple connections between
`channels and control units without requiring permanent physical connections.
`The point-to-point connections allow physical changes to the I/O configuration
`concurrently with normal operations.
`
`1.1.1.4 ESCON Directors
`To implement the switching function of ESCON, a new class of devices was
`introduced. These devices, called directors, connect channels and control units
`only for the duration of an I/O operation. They are non-blocking, can switch
`millions of connections per second, and are the centerpiece of the ESCON
`topology. Apart from dynamic switching, the ESCON directors can also be used
`for static switching of † single user† control units among different system images.
`
`1.1.1.5 ESCON Repeater/Converter
`To allow ESCON to more easily access the common carrier trunk fiber network,
`the ESCON Repeater/Converter was introduced. This new device gives the
`common carrier the ability to monitor usage of the fiber link and also collect
`error statistics. These signal repeater/converters can also be used outside of
`the common carrier environment in place of ESCON directors where there is
`only a requirement for one or two fiber links to a destination.
`
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`1.1.1.6 ESCON Manager
`To manage the new ESCON configuration, a new program product, the ESCON
`Manager, was introduced. The ESCON Manager provides an easy-to-use
`interface that can be automated.
`It offers protection from possible disruptive
`changes, offers integrity through safe switching, can manage multiple systems,
`and is available for both MVS/ESA and VM/ESA operating system platforms.
`
`1.1.1.7 ESCON CTC
`ESCON also introduces an effective and price competitive replacement for
`previous channel-to-channel hardware. With ESCON channels, a user can
`communicate at channel speed between processors without requiring extra
`hardware.
`
`1.1.1.8 Distance
`In appropriately
`Extended distances of attachment are possible with ESCON.
`configured systems, control units and processors are located up to 60 km from
`each other and still retain all the characteristics of control units and processors
`attached at much closer distances. This extended distance is exploited to
`provide new applications and solutions for problems of escalating real estate
`prices, securing remote I/O, disaster recovery, hot backup sites, and so on.
`
`1.1.1.9 ESCON Capable Processors
`A whole new processor family, the ES/9000, was announced with ESCON. All
`processors in this family, from the smallest to the largest, can support and
`exploit all the new facilities offered by ESCON. Some processor models of older
`families were either enhanced (ES/3090-9000 Model T) or retrofitted, such as the
`ES/3090 Model J, to use and support ESCON.
`
`MVS/ESA, VM/ESA, VSE/ESA, TPF, and the ESA versions of ACF/VTAM and DFP
`provide the software support for an ESCON environment.
`
`1.1.1.10 ESCON Control Units
`Many control units have been announced with ESCON attachment support.
`Some of the control units already available at ESCON announcement time can be
`upgraded to ESCON. These include:
`
`• 3990 Models 2 and 3
`• 3490
`• 3172 Model 1
`
`1.1.1.11 Converters
`Two protocol converters were introduced to ease migration from the parallel
`OEMI to ESCON. They perform opposite functions, one converting parallel OEMI
`to ESCON protocol, the other doing the reverse. These converters are migration
`devices and cannot exploit the full functions of ESCON.
`
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`Chapter 2. Terminology
`
`This section describes ESCON fiber optic terms.
`
`Since fiber optic cabling is new to many users of IBM equipment, it is important
`to understand the terms that are used when cabling an ESCON environment.
`Figure 1 shows the placement of the elements in a fiber optic network. These
`elements are used to physically realize the connections in an ESCON
`environment and to reflect the considerations involved in logical planning for
`connectivity, availability and performance in order to develop the target
`configuration.
`
`Refer also to Chapter 8, “ESCON Configuration Planning” on page 241.
`
`Figure 1. Fiber Optic Cable
`
`2.1.1.1 Transmitter
`Transmitters are not shown in Figure 1, but there is a transmitter in the channel,
`and one in the control unit. The transmitter converts electrical signals to light
`pulses, sent by a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser.
`
` Copyright IBM Corp. 1996
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`
`2.1.1.2 Jumper Cable
`The jumper cable has the same function as the pair of cables that make up a
`parallel channel cable. There are two fibers, one to carry data in one direction,
`a