No. 727,495,
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`E. N. TODI).
`GLOBE,
`APPLICATION FILED 00T, 7, 1902,
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`PATENTED MAY 5, 1908.
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`°Witvicesco
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`&. J. &
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`thig NORRIS PETERS Co., PHOTO-LITHo., washing.TON. D. C.
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`No. 727,495.
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`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
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`Patented May 5, 1903.
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`EDMUND N. TODD, OF SHORTHILLS, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO NEWARIK
`CHEMICAL COMPANY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF
`NEW JEFSEY.
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`G LO B E.
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`above defects; and it consists in providing
`an ordinary clear-glass globe or bulb with a
`transparent coating in which is disseminated
`minute particles of an opaque substance, so
`that the coating presents to the eye a uniform
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`texture.
`The coating I have found best suited to the
`purpose is composed of a cellulosic solution
`having suspended and uniformly dissemi
`nated therein an insoluble powder or pig
`ment, such as zinc-white. The cellulosic so
`lution I employ is a solution of pyroxylin;
`but other cellulosic solutions may be used.
`For making a solution of pyroxylin any of the
`well-known solvents may be employed—such
`as, for example, amyl acetate, methyl alco
`hol, acetic ether, acetone, &c. With these
`solvents any of the well-known diluents may
`be used—such as, for example, benzin, fusel
`oil, amyl alcohol, &c.
`With the pyroxylin
`camphor may be used. Camphor is well
`known as a latent solvent for pyroxylin and
`when used in a coating has a very beneficial
`effect in serving to render the same more
`flexible or yieldable to strains suffered under
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`changes of temperature.
`Instead of preparing a pyroxylin solution
`I may redissolve transparent scrap celluloid
`in a suitable solvent and use the solution so
`obtained for my purpose.
`I give the following illustrative formula for
`a coating for a lamp globe or bulb.: one pound
`pyroxylin, one gallon amylacetate, one-fourth
`gallon naphtha, (76°,) one ounce camphor,
`one-fourth pound zinc-white.
`The above ingredients are thoroughly and
`uniformly incorporated and the globes, bulbs,
`&c., are dipped therein or coated therewith
`in any convenient manner. They are then
`supported in any suitable place which will
`admit of a ready evaporation of the solvent
`and insure the setting of the coating. The coat
`ing so produced presents to the eye an opaque
`uniform pearly-white appearance; but when
`the luminous body is viewed therethrough.
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`it is seen that the light - rays pass freely
`through, while at the same time the luminous
`body itself is perfectly obscured from the eye.
`The minute particles of zinc-white dispersed
`throughout the coating being opaque obscure
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`I Go
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`SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 727,495, dated May 5, 1903.
`Application filed October 7, 1902, Serial No. 126,363, (No model.)
`To al?, whomº, it frvay concern:
`Beit known that I, EDMUND N. TODD, a citi
`zen of the United States, residing at Short
`hills, Essex county, in the State of New Jer
`sey, have invented a new and useful Improve
`ment in Globes or Bulbs for Lamps, &c., of
`which the following is a specification.
`My invention relates to globes, bulbs, chim
`neys, &c., for lamps and other sources of
`light, and has for its object to provide a globe
`or bulb which shall effectually screen the lu
`minous filament, flame, arc, or other source
`of light from the eye, while permitting the
`passage and diffusion therethrough of all or
`nearly all of the emitted light-rays.
`In the accompanying drawings I have illus
`trated, as well as the nature of the case per
`mits, the features of my invention.
`Figure 1 of the drawings represents a lamp
`globe or bulb having my improved coating
`thereon. Fig. 2 represents, on a magnified
`and exaggerated scale, a portion of the sur
`face of said globe or bulb. Fig. 3 is a mag
`nified and exaggerated section view of a por
`tion of the globe.
`It is known to me that many attempts have
`heretofore been made to provide globes and
`bulbs of a character to secure the above
`stated results; but, so far as I am aware, such
`attempts have attained imperfect and unsat
`isfactory results by reason of the fact that
`while the luminous body has been effectually
`screened from the eye a very large proportion
`of the illuminating power of the light has at
`the same time been destroyed. Among the
`expedients resorted to for obtaining the ob
`scuration of the light-giving body and the
`diffusion of the light may be mentioned that
`of providing globes, bulbs, &c., of porcelain,
`frosted glass, stained or colored glass, also of
`coating clear-glass globes, &c., with trans
`parent color solutions. In the case of porce
`laim, frosted and colored glass globes, &c., it
`has been found that by their use about sixty
`per cent. of the illuminating power of the
`light was destroyed and that in the case of
`clear-glass globes, &c., coated with transpar
`ent color solutions about twenty per cent. of
`the light was destroyed.
`My invention is designed to remedy the
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`727,495
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`By my invention I have provided a cheap
`and efficient means for improving illumina
`tion by obtaining a much greater amount of
`light from a given source without impairing
`the softness and diffusion of light obtained
`by the usual means.
`Having thus described my invention, what
`I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by
`Tetters Patent, is—
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`1. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of a transparent body portion resist
`ant to atmospheric influences and having dis
`persed and disseminated therethrough finely
`divided opaque particles.
`2. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent, non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of transparent cellulosic material hav
`ing dispersed and disseminated therethrough
`finely-divided opaque particles.
`3. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent, non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of transparent pyroxylin having dis
`persed and disseminated therethrough finely
`divided opaque particles.
`4. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent, non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of transparent pyroxylin having dis
`persed and disseminated therethrough finely
`divided opaque particles insoluble in the sol
`vents of pyroxylin.
`5. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent, non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of transparent pyroxylin having dis
`persed and disseminated therethrough finely
`divided particles of zinc-white.
`6. A light globe, bulb, &c., having a trans
`lucent, non-transparent coating thereon con
`sisting of transparent pyroxylin and camphor
`having dispersed and disseminated there
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`through finely-divided particles of zinc-white.
`EDMUND N. TODID.
`Witnesses:
`J. GREEN,
`H. C. WORKMAN.
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`the luminous body itself; but the light-rays
`pass freely through the transparent pyroxylin
`between the interstices of the zinc-white par
`ticles.
`In Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, 1 repre
`sents the glass wall of the globe or bulb, 2
`represents the transparent portion of the coat
`ing, and 3 represents the opaque particles.
`With the above coating Isecure ninety per
`cent. more illumination from the same source
`of light than when globes or bulbs of porce
`lain, frosted glass, or colored glass, &c., are
`employed. My coating is translucent to the
`highest degree, while being non-transparent.
`In addition to the features of advantage
`possessed by my invention as above pointed
`out it has a further advantage in that the
`coating of the bulb or lamp is resistant to at
`mospheric influences and is weatherproof.
`These advantages admit of lamp bulbs, globes,
`&c., being used out of doors and also admit
`of their being cleaned or washed when used
`indoors. The cellulosic medium which I em
`ploy is not affected by water. The opaque
`particles carried thereby are retained upon
`the bulb or globe and do not rub off in han
`dling.
`I am aware that lamp - bulbs have been
`coated with colored solutions of pyroxylin or
`celluloid; but my invention is distinguished
`therefrom in that I do not employ a colored
`Solution. I employ a pigment or obscuring
`substance which is insoluble in the pyroxylin
`Solution, so that the latter is maintained clear,
`transparent, and uncolored, thus permitting
`free passage of the light-rays.
`My invention is particularly adapted for
`use in connection with bulbs for incandes
`cent electric lights. This form of illumina
`tion is extensively used for lighting interiors
`and for obtaining artistic lighting effects.
`The concentrated brilliance of the filament
`is, however, very objectionable and causes
`much discomfort and fatigue to the eye, be
`sides being unsuited to artistic illumination.
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