-1-
`
`Smith & Nephew Ex. 1072
`IPR Petition - USP 9,295,482
`
`

`
`US 7,534,263 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`8/1999 Valentini eta1.
`.......... .. 435/395
`10/1999 Masini
`606/86
`
`10/1999 Luckman e131.
`............ N 606/88
`10/1999 Liu etal.
`.................. .. 424/486
`
`12/1999 Burkinshaw etal.
`..
`606/66
`................. .. 623/11
`4/2000 Stoneeta1.
`7/2000 Balian etal.
`.............. .. 128/898
`
`...... .. 623/20
`7/2000 Letotetal.
`7/2000
`623/14,12
`8/2000
`...................... .. 606/88
`3/2000
`N 623/16.11
`9/2000
`623/14,12
`10/2000 Ateshian etal. ............. .. 623/18
`10/2000 Lee etal.
`...... ..
`623/16.11
`12/2000 Amstutz ................ .. 623/22.11
`12/2000 Aouni-Ateshian etal.
`703/11
`2/2001 Masini
`...................... .. 606/86
`3/2001 Peterson etal.
`424/574
`3/2001 MacMahon . . . . .
`. . . . . .. 606/87
`3/2001 Afriatetal.
`..
`623/20.27
`3/2001 Fe11e1a1,
`623/20,29
`4/2001 Grande etal.
`.... .. 424/423
`4/2001 sawhneyet 31,
`424/426
`4/2001 Hargreaves e131.
`600/410
`6/2001 Schwartz etal.
`623/23.72
`8/2001 Lee etal.
`............... .. 623/23.61
`3/2001 Rueger e131.
`..... .. 606/151
`9/2001 Vibe-Hansen etal.
`10/2001 Peterson etal.
`........... .. 424/486
`12/2001 Hardwick etal.
`..
`. 623/23.72
`2/2002 Pappas ................... .. 606/96
`2/2002 Krakovitsetal.
`..
`623/20.21
`3/2002 Spector
`........... ..
`623/18.11
`3/2002 Torrie etal. ..
`...... .. 606/96
`4/2002 Overaker ............. .. 606/72
`4/2002 Hangody eta1.
`....... .. 623/20.18
`4/2002 Vibe-Hansen etal.
`..... .. 606/151
`5/2002 Schmotzer ............. .. 623/23.35
`8/2002 Halvorsen eta1.
`..
`.... .. 435/377
`9/2002 Felt et al.
`......... ..
`623/17.12
`9/2002 Asculaj e131, N
`.... N 424/484
`10/2002 Ateshian etal.
`.... .. 700/117
`10/2002 Schwartz etal.
`. 623/23.72
`11/2002 Williamson ............. .. 606/90
`11/2002 Hoogeveen etal.
`324/309
`1/2003 Schusteretal.
`600/407
`2/2003 Tallarida etal.
`...... .. 606/71
`5/2003 Fell etal.
`...... ..
`623/14.12
`5/2003 Pelletieretal.
`.
`.... .. 600/410
`6/2003 Robie etal. ........... .. 606/88
`9/2003 s1m0ne1a1,
`623/17,19
`10/2003 we1ke1e1a1,
`.... N 606/192
`11/2003 Felt et al.
`623/20.16
`1/2004 Ek ..................... .. 600/587
`3/2004 Carjgnan et 31,
`623/20,35
`6/2005 Carignan eta1.
`623/20.35
`7/2005 R01s10n ..... N
`N 623/20,3
`3/2006 D0nge1a1, N
`606/80
`6/2006 Rosa etal. ............ .. 606/88
`9/2006 Lionbergeretal.
`606/88
`10/2005 Enghe1a1,
`, , , , , , , , ,
`, , , N 606/79
`10/2005 Zheng et 31,
`.
`600/426
`11/2005 110533131,
`606/86R
`....... N
`2/2007 Lang et 31,
`600/416
`7/2007 Alexander eta1.
`........ .. 600/427
`10/2007 Steffensmeier eta1.
`..... .. 606/96
`5/2001 Masini
`...................... .. 606/86
`7/2001 Schwartz etal.
`....... .. 623/23.72
`11/2001 Simon etal.
`........... .. 623/23.51
`1/2002 Geistlich eta1.
`. 623/23.57
`
`3/2002 Haines ...................... .. 606/54
`4/2002 Giannettietal.
`....... .. 623/11.11
`5/2002 Bradbury eta1.
`............ .. 703/11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,939,323 A
`5,961,523 A
`5,953,051 A
`5,972,385 A
`6,007,537 A
`6,046,379 A
`6,082,364 A
`6,090,144 A
`5,093,204 A
`6,102,916 A
`5,110,209 A
`5,120,541 A
`6,126,690 A
`6,139,578 A
`6,156,069 A
`6,161,080 A
`6,187,010 B1
`6,200,606 B1
`6,203,546 B1
`6,203,576 B1
`5,205,927 B1
`6,214,369 B1
`5,217,394 B1
`5,219,571 B1
`6,251,143 B1
`6,277,151 B1
`5,231,195 B1
`6,283,980 B1
`6,299,905 B1
`6,328,765 B1
`6,344,043 B1
`6,344,059 B1
`6,352,558 B1
`6,358,253 B1
`6,371,958 B1
`6,375,658 B1
`6,379,367 B1
`6,383,228 B1
`6,429,013 B1
`6,443,988 B2
`5,444,222 B1
`6,459,948 B1
`6,468,314 B2
`6,478,799 B1
`6,479,996 B1
`6,510,334 B1
`6,520,964 B2
`6,558,421 B1
`6,560,476 B1
`6,575,980 B1
`5,525,945 B2
`5,532,235 B2
`6,652,587 B2
`6,679,917 B2
`5,712,355 B1
`6,905,514 B2
`5,915,341 B2
`7,003,430 B2
`7,060,074 B2
`7,104,997 B2
`7,115,131 B2
`7,117,027 B2
`7,141,053 B2
`7,134,314 B2
`7,239,908 B1
`7,282,054 B2
`2001/0001120 A1
`2001/0010023 A1
`2001/0039455 A1
`2002/0013626 A1
`2002/0029038 A1
`2002/0045940 A1
`2002/0059049 A1
`
`10/1977 Dedo .............................. .. 3/1
`11/1977 Farling
`3/1,91
`4/1978 Goodfellow et a1.
`3/191
`5/1980 Bonne11eta1,
`~ 128/176
`7/1982 Buechel et a1.
`~ 3/1,911
`3/1984 White ~~~~~~~~~ ~
`~ 264/138
`3/1985 Wall . . . . .
`. . . . .. 3/1.91
`5/1986 Keller
`..
`~ 128/92
`7/1986 Effron et al.
`. 128/305
`9/1986 Caplan et al.
`424/95
`12/1986 Canipbe11eta1~
`623/16
`1/1988 Kaufman etal.
`128/92
`9/1988 Wevers ........ ~
`~ 623/20
`6/1989 Woolson ..
`600/425
`7/1989 Grande ..... ..
`~ 623/11
`9/1989 Witze1eta1~ ,
`623/20
`11/1989 Stone ....... ..
`~ 623/18
`8/1991 Vacanti et a1,
`623/16
`10/1991 Winters ....... ..
`.. 623/20
`11/1991 Richmond et a1.
`623/18
`7/1992 Petersen ...... ..
`.. 606/88
`7/1992 Turner ............ ..
`.. 623/20
`10/1992 Matsen,111eta1,
`~ 606/53
`12/1992 Kenny ,,,,,,,,,,,, ~
`~ 623/18
`3/1993 Caplan et al.
`623/549
`4/1993 Hunziker
`424/423
`7/1993 Cap1aneta1~
`~ 623/549
`8/1993 Bert eta1,
`~ 606/88
`11/1993 Benin . . . . .
`. , . ~ 623/20
`12/1993 Hunziker
`~~ 514/12
`...... ~
`4/1994 Stone etal.
`623/18
`5/1994 Goodfellow et a1.
`623/20
`11/1994 Hunziker ~~~~~~~~ ~
`424/423
`1/1995 Ferrante . . . . .
`. , . ~ 606/79
`11/1995 Braden eta1,
`~ 523/113
`12/1995 Bertin et a1.
`606/89
`3/1996 Willert etal.
`606/94
`4/1996 Athanasiou et a1.
`. 128/774
`7/1996 Booth, Jr. et al.
`........... .. 606/88
`9/1996 Kubein-Messenburg
`~ 623/20
`et a1.
`606/80
`1/1997 Haines et a1,
`~ 606/86
`2/1997 Burke etal.
`606/75
`5/1997 Schwartz
`~~ 606/88
`7/1997 Callaway
`128/653
`9/1997 Lang eta1,
`~ 128/6531
`11/1997 De1peta1~
`. , . ~ 623/18
`11/1997 Vitale . . . . . .
`3/1998 Eckhoff ..................... .. 623/20
`5/1998 Schwartz ................... .. 606/75
`5/1998 Duvillier et a1.
`.... ~ 606/88
`6/1998 Swaelens et a1,
`,,,,, ~ 364/46828
`6/1998 Schwartz et al.
`............ .. 623/18
`
`7/1998 Tubo eta1,
`435/402
`................ .. 606/86
`10/1998 Reiley et al.
`11/1998 Morimoto et a1.
`......... .. 382/132
`
`11/1998 Gregg eta1,
`~ 429/212
`~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 128/898
`12/1998 Naughton et a1,
`12/1998 Hunziker .................. .. 424/426
`
`2/1999 Delp et a1.
`....... ..
`. 128/898
`........ .. 623/20
`2/1999 Goodfellow et a1.
`2/1999 Colleran et al.
`............. .. 623/20
`3/1999 Kubein-Meesenburg
`et a1,
`,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ~~ 623/20
`3/1999 Masini
`606/86
`3/1999 Herrington etai, ~
`~~ 606/88
`
`4/1999 Masini
`606/86
`5/1999 Sawhney eta1.
`.......... .. 424/426
`5/1999 Grande eta1.
`............. .. 435/325
`6/1999 Ashby eta1.
`................ .. 606/88
`6/1999 Masini
`...................... .. 606/88
`
`
`
`.
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`4,052,753 A
`4,055,862 A
`4,085,466 A
`4,203,444 A
`4,340,978 A
`4,436,684 A
`4,502,161 A
`4,586,496 A
`4,601,290 A
`4,609,551 A
`4,627,853 A
`4,721,104 A
`4,769,040 A
`4,841,975 A *
`4,846,835 A
`4,865,607 A
`4,880,429 A
`5,041,138 A
`5,059,216 A
`5,067,964 A
`5,129,908 A *
`5,133,759 A
`5,154,717 A
`5,171,322 A
`5,197,985 A
`5,206,023 A
`5,226,914 A
`5,234,433 A
`5,258,032 A
`5,270,300 A
`5,306,311 A
`5,314,482 A
`5,368,858 A
`5,380,332 A
`5,468,787 A
`5,474,559 A
`5,501,687 A
`5,503,162 A
`5,540,696 A
`5,556,432 A
`
`5,597,379 A
`5,601,563 A
`5,632,745 A
`5,649,929 A
`5,671,741 A
`5,682,886 A
`5,683,466 A
`5,728,162 A
`5,749,874 A
`5,749,876 A
`5,768,134 A
`5,769,899 A
`5,786,217 A
`5,827,289 A
`5,835,619 A
`5,840,443 A
`5,842,477 A
`5,853,746 A
`5,871,018 A
`5,871,542 A
`5,871,546 A
`5,879,390 A
`
`5,885,296 A
`5,885,298 A
`5,897,559 A
`5,900,245 A
`5,906,934 A
`5,911,723 A
`5,916,220 A *
`
`-2-
`
`

`
`US 7,534,263 B2
`Page 3
`
`0814731
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`W0 W0 2004/049981
`W0 W0 2006/060795
`W0 W0 2007/092841
`
`1/1996
`3/1996
`6/1996
`8/1997
`12/1997
`8/2000
`1/2001
`2/2001
`3/2001
`9/2001
`2/2002
`2/2002
`7/2002
`1/1996
`10/2000
`3/1988
`12/1994
`2/1996
`9/1990
`3/1993
`5/1993
`12/1993
`10/1995
`10/1995
`11/1995
`12/1995
`8/1996
`7/1997
`7/1997
`10/1997
`4/1998
`7/1998
`1/1999
`2/1999
`8/1999
`9/1999
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`11/1999
`2/2000
`60000
`
`8/2000
`10/2000
`12/2000
`2/2001
`3/2001
`3/2001
`5/2001
`6/2001
`9/2001
`9/2001
`12/2001
`3/2002
`3/2002
`3/2002
`50002
`5/2002
`12/2002
`10003
`
`6/2003
`5/2003
`5/2004
`6/2004
`6/2006
`8/2007
`
`............. .. 623/20.3
`6/2002 Brown etal.
`2002/0068979 A1
`6/2002 Repicci
`....... ..
`. 623/20.29
`2002/0082703 A1
`
`7/2002 Alexander et al.
`.......... .. 702/19
`2002/0087274 A1
`8/2002 Hung etal.
`................ .. 435/1.1
`2002/0106625 A1
`8/2002 Halvorsen etal.
`. 514/171
`2002/0115647 A1
`8/2002 Overakeretal.
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`2002/0120274 A1
`8/2002 OVera.ker
`.................. .. 606/151
`2002/0120281 A1
`9/2002 Felt et al.
`..
`424/423
`2002/0127264 A1
`9/2002 Repicci
`................. .. 623/14.12
`2002/0133230 A1
`10/2002 Asculai etal.
`............ .. 424/484
`2002/0151986 A1
`10/2002 Asculai etal.
`. 623/23.75
`2002/0156150 A1
`11/2002 Felt et al.
`............... .. 623/20.32
`2002/0173852 A1
`12/2002 Felt et al.
`............... .. 623/20.16
`2002/0183850 A1
`2/2003 Bonutti
`606/87
`2003/0028196 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`............... .. 623/14.12
`2003/0055500 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`............... .. 623/14.12
`2003/0055501 A1
`3/2003 Lang etal.
`. 623/16.11
`2003/0055502 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`. 623/14.12
`2003/0060882 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`. 623/14.12
`2003/0060883 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`. 623/14.12
`2003/0060884 A1
`3/2003 Fell et al.
`. 623/14.12
`2003/0060885 A1
`5/2003 Rosa etal.
`.... .. 606/86
`2003/0100907 A1
`5/2003 Rosa etal.
`623/20.3
`2003/0100953 A1
`8/2003 Horn . . . . . . .
`. . . .. 606/87
`2003/0158558 A1
`..
`8/2003 Coon etal.
`. 623/20.15
`2003/0158606 A1
`8/2003 Smuckeretal.
`606/87
`2003/0163137 A1
`11/2003 Lang etal.
`. 600/587
`2003/0216669 A1
`12/2003 Justin etal.
`2003/0225457 A1
`................ .. 606/80
`12/2003 Brown etal.
`2003/0236521 A1
`5/2004 Carignan etal.
`. 623/20.35
`2004/0098133 A1
`5/2004 Johnson etal.
`. 623/20.15
`2004/0102852 A1
`6/2004 Lee etal.
`. 623/20.15
`2004/0122521 A1
`7/2004 Lang et a1.
`. 623/14.12
`2004/0133276 A1
`.... ..
`7/2004 Lang et al.
`. 623/20.14
`2004/0138754 Al
`7/2004 Tsougarakisetal.
`606/53
`2004/0147927 A1
`8/2004 Tsougarakisetal.
`606/77
`2004/0153079 A1
`:1 at
`an °r 6‘ 31* "
`2004/0167390 A1
`8/2004 Alexander et al.
`2004/0167630 A1
`8/2004 Rolston ....... ..
`2004/0193280 A1
`9/2004 Webster et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`..
`..
`..
`..
`
`.
`
`.
`
`
`
`.
`
`.
`
`" 623/2029
`600/410
`. 623/20.14
`. 623/20.33
`
`600/410
`10/2004 Tsougarakisetal.
`. 623/14.12
`10/2004 Fitz etal. ...... ..
`. 623/14.12
`11/2004 Berez etal.
`.. 606/88
`12/2004 Faoro ............. ..
`.... .. 700/94
`12/2004 Ben-Yaacov etal.
`. 623/23.46
`1/2005 Goble etal.
`606/88
`1/2005 Cusick etal.
`. 623/20.14
`2/2005 Wood .......... ..
`623/20.14
`4/2005 Williamson
`. 623/20.15
`5/2005 Goodfried et al.
`. 623/20.15
`5/2005 Johnson et a1.
`.... .. 606/87
`6/2005 Hodorek et al.
`600/407
`7/2005 Roose
`. 623/20.19
`8/2005 Rolston .......... ..
`.......... 606/79
`3500: §ui:l1uiis,Ji.eta1.
`623/20.19
`ur u_1s, Jr. et al.
`5/2006 Bouad1 ................ .. 606/79
`
`..
`
`.
`.
`
`
`
`606/88
`10/2006 Rosaetal.
`. 600/407
`.... ..
`1/2007 Lang etal.
`606/87
`3/2007 Lionbergeretal.
`606/88
`5/2007 Marchyn etal.
`606/88
`8/2007 Lang etal.
`. 600/587
`8/2007 Lang etal.
`................ .. 600/410
`11/2007 Lang etal.
`1/2008 Alexander et al.
`........ .. 600/427
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`2004/0204644 A1
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`2005/0015153 A1
`2005/0021039 A1
`2005/0043807 A1
`2005/0085920 A1
`2005/0107883 A1
`2005/0107884 A1
`2005/0143745 Al
`2005/0148843 A1
`2005/0171612 A1
`3002;032:7131‘ :1
`2006/0111722 A1
`
`2006/0235421 A1
`2007/0015995 A1
`2007/0073305 A1
`2007/0118141 A1
`2007/0198022 A1
`2007/0203430 A1
`2007/0276224 A1
`2008/0015433 A1
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0528080
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`-3-
`
`-3-
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`

`
`US 7,534,263 B2
`Page 4
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`Wordsworth et al., “MacIntosh Arthroplasty for the Rheumatoid
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`* cited by examiner
`
`-4-
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`US 7,534,263 B2
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`1
`SURGICAL TOOLS FACILITATING
`INCREASED ACCURACY, SPEED AND
`SIMPLICITY IN PERFORMING JOINT
`ARTHROPLASTY
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
`10/724,010 for “PAT -NT SELECTABLE JOINT ARTHROPLASTY
`DEVICES AND SURGICAL TOOLS FACILITATING INCREASED ACCURACY,
`SPEED AND SIMPLICITY IN PERPORMING TOTAL AND PARTIAL JOINT
`ARTHROPLASTY” filed NoV. 25, 2003 which is a continuation-
`in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/305,652 entitled “METHODS AND
`COMPOSITIONS FOR ARTICULAR REPAIR,” filed NoV. 27, 2002,
`which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/160,667,
`filed May 28, 2002, which in mm claims the benefit of U.S.
`Ser. No. 60/293,488 entitled “METHODS TO IMPROVE CARTILAGE
`REPAIR SYSTEMS”, filed May 25, 2001, U.S. Ser. No. 60/363,
`527, entitled “NOVEL DEVICES FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR, filed Mar.
`12, 2002 and U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/380,695 and 60/380,692,
`entitled “METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR,”
`and “METHODS FOR JOINT REPAIR,”, filed May 14, 2002, all of
`which applications are hereby incorporated by reference in
`their entireties.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present inVention relates to methods, systems and
`deVices for articular resurfacing. The present
`inVention
`includes surgical molds designed to achieVe optimal cut
`planes in a joint in preparation for installation of a joint
`implant.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`A Variety of tools are aVailable to assist surgeons in per-
`forming joint surgery. In the knee, for example, U.S. Pat. No.
`4,501,266 to McDaniel issued Feb. 26, 1985 discloses a knee
`distraction deVice that facilitates knee arthroplasty. The
`deVice has an adjustable force calibration mechanism that
`enables the deVice to accommodate controlled selection ofthe
`
`ligament-tensioning force to be applied to the respectiVe,
`opposing sides ofthe knee. U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,547 to Poggie
`et al. issued Mar. 26, 1991 discloses a modular apparatus for
`use in preparing the bone surface for implantation of a modu-
`lar total knee prosthesis. The apparatus has cutting guides,
`templates, alignment deVices along with a distractor and
`clamping instruments that proVide modularity and facilitate
`bone resection and prosthesis implantation. U.S. Pat. No.
`5,250,050 to Poggie et al. issued Oct. 5, 1993 is also directed
`to a modular apparatus for use in preparing a bone surface for
`the implantation of a modular total knee prosthesis. U.S. Pat.
`No. 5,387,216 to Thomhill et al. issued Feb. 7, 1995 discloses
`instrumentation for use in knee reVision surgery. A bearing
`sleeVe is proVided that is inserted into the damaged canal in
`order to take up additional Volume. The rod passes through
`the sleeVe and is positioned to meet the natural canal of the
`bone. The rod is then held in a fixed position by the bearing
`sleeVe. A cutting guide can then be mounted on the rod for
`cutting the bone and to proVide a mounting surface for the
`implant. U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,756 to Eng et al. issued May 2,
`2000 discloses a tool for preparing the distal femoral end for
`a prosthetic implant. The tool lays out the resection for pros-
`thetic replacement and includes a jack for piVotally support-
`ing an opposing bone such that the jack raises the opposing
`bone in flexion to the spacing ofthe intended prosthesis. U.S.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`
`Pat. No. 6,106,529 to Techiera issuedAug. 22, 2000 discloses
`an epicondylar axis referencing drill guide foruse in resection
`to prepare a bone end for prosthetic joint replacement. U.S.
`Pat. No. 6,296,646 to Williamson issued Oct. 2, 2001 dis-
`closes a system that allows a practitioner to position the leg in
`the alignment that is directed at the end of the implant proce-
`dure and to cut both the femur and tibia while the leg is fixed
`in alignment. U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,168 to Lombardi et al.
`issued Sep. 16, 2003 discloses a tool for intermedullary reVi-
`sion surgery along with tibial components.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,037 to Sanders et al. issued NoV. 26,
`1996 discloses a surgical guide for femoral resection. The
`guide enables a surgeon to resect a femoral neck during a hip
`arthroplasty procedure so that the femoral prosthesis can be
`implanted to preserVe or closely approximate the anatomic
`center of rotation of the hip.
`Currently aVailable tools do not always enable the surgeon
`to make the most accurate cuts on the bone surface in prepar-
`ing the target joint for implantation.
`Thus, there remains a need for tools that improVe the accu-
`racy of the joint resurfacing process.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`In an aspect of the inVention, surgical tools for preparing a
`joint to receiVe an implant are described, for example a tool
`comprising one or more surfaces or members that conform at
`least partially to the shape of the articular surfaces ofthe joint
`(e.g., a femoral condyle and/or tibial plateau of a knee joint).
`In certain embodiments, the tool comprises Lucite silastic
`and/or other polymers or suitable materials. The tool can be
`re-useable or single-use. The tool canbe comprised of a single
`component or multiple components. In certain embodiments,
`the tool comprises an array of adjustable, closely spaced pins.
`The tool comprises: a mold haVing a surface for engaging
`a joint surface; a block that communicates with the mold; and
`at least one guide aperture in the block. Another tool is dis-
`closed that is forrned at least partially in situ and comprises: a
`mold formed in situ using at least one of an inflatable hollow
`deVice or a retaining deVice to conform to the joint surface on
`at least one surface haVing a surface for engaging a joint
`surface; a block that communicates with the mold; and at least
`one guide aperture in the block.
`In any of the embodiments and aspects described herein,
`the joint can be a knee, shoulder, hip, Vertebrae, elbow, ankle,
`wrist etc.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`least one drawing
`The file of this patent contains at
`executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawing(s)
`will be proVided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon
`request and payment of the necessary fee.
`FIG. 1A illustrates a femur, tibia and fibula along with the
`mechanical and anatomic axes. FIGS. 1B-E illustrate the tibia
`
`with the anatomic and mechanical axis used to create a cutting
`plane along with a cut femur and tibia. FIG. 1F illustrates the
`proximal end of the femur including the head of the femur.
`FIG. 2 shows an example of a surgical tool haVing one
`surface matching the geometry of an articular surface of the
`joint. Also shown is an aperture in the tool capable of con-
`trolling drill depth and width ofthe hole and allowing implan-
`tation of an insertion of implant haVing a press-fit design.
`FIG. 3 is a flow chart depicting Various methods of the
`inVention used to create a mold for preparing a patient’s joint
`for arthroscopic surgery.
`
`-30-
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`
`US 7,534,263 B2
`
`3
`FIG. 4A depicts, in cross-section, an example of a surgical
`tool containing an aperture through which a surgical drill or
`saw can fit. The aperture guides the drill or saw to make the
`proper hole or cut in the underlying bone. Dotted lines rep-
`resent where the cut corresponding to the aperture will be 5
`made in bone. FIG. 4B depicts, in cross-section, an example
`of a surgical tool containing apertures through which a sur-
`gical drill or saw can fit and which guide the drill or saw to
`make cuts or holes in the bone. Dotted lines represent where
`the cuts corresponding to the apertures will be made in bone.
`FIGS. 5A-Q illustrate tibial cutting blocks and molds used
`to create a surface perpendicular to the anatomic axis for
`receiving the tibial portion of a knee implant.
`FIGS. 6A-O illustrate femur cutting blocks and molds used
`to create a surface for receiving the femoral portion of a knee
`implant.
`FIG. 7A-G illustrate patellar cutting blocks and molds used
`to prepare the patella for receiving a portion ofa knee implant.
`FIG. 8A-H illustrate femoral head cutting blocks and
`molds used to create a surface for receiving the femoral por-
`tion of a knee implant.
`FIG. 9A-D illustrate acetabulum cutting blocks and molds
`used to create a surface for a hip implant.
`FIG. 10A illustrates a patella modeled from CT data. FIGS.
`10B-D illustrate a mold guide, and then the mold guide placed
`on an articular surface of the patella. FIG. 10E illustrates a
`drill placed into a patella through mold drill guide. FIG. 10F
`illustrates a reamer used to prepare the patella.
`FIG. 11A illustrates a reamer made for each patella size.
`FIG. 1 1B illustrates a reamed patella ready for patella implan-
`tation.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`10
`
`15
`
`FIG. 12A-F illustrate a recessed patella implanted on a
`patella.
`
`35
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`The following description is presented to enable any per-
`son skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Various
`
`40
`
`modifications to the embodiments described will be readily
`apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles
`defined herein can be applied to other embodiments and
`applications without departing from the spirit and scope of
`the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
`Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the 45
`embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope
`consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
`To the extent necessary to achieve a complete understanding
`of the invention disclosed, the specification and drawings of
`all issued patents, patent publications, and patent applications
`cited in this application are incorporated herein by reference.
`As will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, the
`practice of the present invention employs, unless otherwise
`indicated, conventional methods of x-ray imaging and pro-
`cessing, x-ray tomosynthesis, ultrasound including A-scan,
`B-scan and C-scan, computed tomography (CT scan), mag-
`netic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomogra-
`phy, single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and
`positron emission tomography (P