DECLARATION OF ALBERTA. PETRICK
`
`I, Albert A. Petrick, declare as follows:
`
`1.
`
`I am currently employed as Managing Director of Jones-Petrick and
`
`Associates, LLC with a work address at 12201 Treetop Ct., Orlando, FL 32832.
`
`|
`
`am over 18 years of age. Except where specifically noted, the statements below
`
`are from my own personal knowledge, and if called upon as a witness,
`
`I could
`
`testify competently thereto.
`
`2.
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) 1s a
`
`professional organization that provides a number ofservices for collecting and
`
`disseminating technical information to engineers and other interested professionals.
`
`I have been a member of IEEE since 1994. One of the goals of the IEEEis to
`
`develop and publish standards for
`
`the computer and electronics industries.
`
`Beginning the 1990s, I was personally involved in the development of one ofthose
`
`standards, referred to as “802.11” (which is commonly referred to as “Wi-Fi”
`
`today), which specifies a series of physical layer and media access control layer
`
`(MAC)techniquesfor providing wireless networking between computing devices.
`
`3.
`
`I am the co-author of a publication entitled The JEEE 802.11
`
`Handbook: A Designer’s Companion (the “Handbook”’). For purposes ofthis
`
`Declaration, I will focus on the first edition of the Handbook, which I co-wrote
`
`with Bob O’Hara in 1999. The Handbook was written to help network architects,
`
`software engineers, hardware engineers, and others understand someofthe basic
`
`concepts, terminology, and techniques of the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking
`
`standard.
`
`4.
`
`Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of the cover
`
`page, inside cover page, copyright page, table of contents, and select excerpts from
`
`the first edition of the Handbook. As shownin Exhibit A, the Handbook bears a
`
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`copyright date of 1999 and an ISBN number of0-7381-1855-9.
`
`I have personal
`
`knowledge ofthe writing, editing, publication, and marketing of the Handbook.
`
`As I will explain below, the Handbook was publicly disseminated by the IEEE
`
`Standards Information Network by early 2000.
`
`5.
`
`Attached hereto as Exhibits B, D, and E are examples of documents
`
`from early 2000 that announce and confirm the public availability of the
`
`Handbook. For example, Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of a document
`
`entitled, “Tentative Minutes of the IEEE P802.11 Full Working Group, David
`
`Intercontinental Hotel, Tel Aviv, Israel” describing a meeting that took place in Tel
`
`Aviv, Israel, from January 10-14, 2000. The term “minutes”in this context refers
`
`to a written record of a meeting.
`
`It was standard practice at IEEE 802.11 working
`
`group meetings to create and keep, in the regular course of the group’s business,
`
`accurate records of what was said during those meetings. Meeting minutes such as
`
`Exhibit B were created at or shortly after the meeting and were disseminated to
`
`other group members, and available publically on the IEEE 802.11 website and
`
`generally, were subject
`
`to review and approval by the members at
`
`the next
`
`meeting.
`
`I personally attended this meeting and participated as a voting member,
`
`and briefly acted as the chair of Task Group (TGd)(as reflected in Exhibit B, page
`
`079). The minutes reflected in Exhibit B describe, among other things, the issues
`
`discussed by the meeting participants. As of the signature date of this Declaration,
`a copy of Exhibit B is also available from the IEEE website.’ Attached hereto as
`
`Exhibit C is a true and correct excerpt of a documententitled, “Tentative Minutes
`
`of the IEEE P802.11 Full Working Group, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Albuquerque,
`
`NM)”describing a meeting that took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from
`
`March 6-10, 2000. As reflected in Exhibit C, pages 112-113, the proceedings of
`
` http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Minutes/Cons_minutesJanuary-
`'
`2000.PDF
`
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`the meeting in Tel Aviv described above were expressly approved during the
`
`subsequent meeting in Albuquerque. As ofthe signature date of this Declaration a
`copy of Exhibit C is also available from the IEEE website.”
`
`6.
`
`The publication of the Handbook was announced during this meeting.
`
`In particular, the “Tentative Minutes of IEEE P802.11/P802.15 Joint Session,”
`
`January 12, 2000, accurately records the announcement of the availability of the
`
`Handbook. See Exhibit B, page 097, § 1.3 (“IEEE 802.11 Handbook published by
`
`IEEE Press by Bob O’Haraand AlPetrick will be available this month.”).
`
`a
`
`Attached hereto as Exhibit D is a true and correct copy ofa short
`
`PowerPoint presentation I authored and submitted to the IEEE 802.11 group in
`
`January 2000 to publicize the release of the Handbook,entitled “IEEE 802.11
`
`Handbook Published by:
`
`IEEE Press.” As of the signature date of this
`
`Declaration, a copy ofthis PowerPoint presentation is also available from the IEEE
`
`website.
`
`8.
`
`Attached hereto as Exhibit E is a true and correct copy of a February
`
`2000 publication from the IEEEentitled “Standards Bearer,” which is a newsletter
`
`providing updates to the activities of various IEEE working groups.
`
`An
`
`advertisement for the Handbookappears in Exhibit D, page 128, which provides an
`
`overview of the Handbook andstates that it can be obtained for $60.00, or for a
`
`discounted price of $48.00 applicable to IEEE members. As of the signature date
`
`of this Declaration, a copy of this document
`
`is also available from the IEEE
`
`P http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Minutes/Cons_MinutesMarch-2000.PDF
`
`> http://www.ieee802.org/11/Documents/DocumentArchives/2000_docs/0012-
`8W-IEEE802-11-Handbook-Jan-00.ppt
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`website.*
`
`9.
`
`As confirmed in Exhibit B-E and similar press releases at the time,
`
`the Handbook was published and made available world-wide for purchase by the
`
`IEEE by January 2000. More than 1,000 copies were sold soon thereafter, and I
`
`was aware of various engineering college and university libraries purchasing
`
`copies for reference and circulation.
`
`I received royalty payments for these and
`
`subsequent sales of the Handbook.
`
`10. Attached hereto as Exhibit F is a true and correct photograph ofa
`
`plaque I was awarded by the IEEE Standards Information Network reflecting that
`
`the Handbook was a “2000 Best Seller.”
`
`ll. Attached hereto as Exhibit G is a true and correct copy of an
`
`Amazon.com customerreview by “F. Wiarda” of the Handbook from July 7, 2000.
`
`As ofthe signature date of this Declaration, a copy of this document is also
`available from the Amazon.com website.” I was not involvedin the writing ofthis
`
`review and do not personally know “F. Wiarda,” but I was aware ofthis review
`
`shortly after it was submitted. The publisher contacted me regarding this and
`
`similar reviews, and in particular, about the criticism that the Handbook did not
`
`include a list of the abbreviations for acronyms used in the Handbook.
`
`I
`
`understand that the publisher quickly added such a list as an appendix to the
`
`Handbook, and I am not aware of any substantive changes to the content of the
`
`Handbook itself.
`
`12. Attached hereto as Exhibit H is a true and correct copy of an
`
`Amazon.com customer review by “A Customer” of the Handbook from September
`
`* http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/2000/May00/99168r3P802-15_TG1-
`Draft-Standards-Bearer-Feb00.PDF
`
`* https://www.amazon.com/review/R3V7FFK9OVORX7/
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`29, 2000, two and a half months after the review by “F. Wiarda.” As of the
`
`signature date of this Declaration, a copy of this documentis also available from
`the Amazon.com website.° This later review specifically mentions the list of
`
`abbreviations that was added in 2000.
`
`13.
`
`I also understand that my co-author Bob O’Hara distributed the
`
`Handbookaspart of an 802.11 tutorial he presented to various companies in 2000,
`
`which I believe further increased the popularity of the Handbook. Although I was
`
`not personally involved in Mr. O’Hara’s tutorials,
`
`I did observe an increase in
`
`interest regarding the Handbook to the point where some wireless engineers, in
`
`2000 and thereafter, even approached me while on business travel world-wide and
`
`asked for me to autograph their copies of the Handbook.
`
`14.
`
`I hereby declare that all statements made herein of my own
`
`knowledge are true and that all statements made on information and belief are
`
`believed to be true, and further that
`
`these statements were made with the
`
`knowledgethat willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by fine
`
`or imprisonment, or both, under 28 U.S.C. § 1001.
`
`Dated: December28, 2016
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`Albert A. Petrick
`Orlando,Florida
`
`* https://www.amazon.com/review/R2DM6JOU6S5EHG/
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`EXHIBIT A
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`Tie
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`Page 7
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`oerse8
`achberelchrchebtite Tee Networkaeare
`aDatedOca
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`Handbook
`ADesigner’s OTTCL
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`By BobO’Hara and Al Petrick
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`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook
`
`A Designer’s Companion
`
`Authored by
`
`Bob O’Hara
`
`Al Petrick
`
`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`
`HERE Press
`=
`| a
`IEEE
`: a
`(he Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.
`
`http: / / standards.ieee.org
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`Trademarks and disclaimers
`
`IEEE believes the informationin this publication is accurate as of its publi-
`cation date; such information is subject to change without notice. IEEE is
`rot responsible for any inadvertent errors.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`O’Hara, Bob, 1956-
`The IEEE 802.11 handbook: a designer's companion / authored by
`Bob O’Hara and Al Petrick.
`‘
`P-
`rr.
`ISBN 0-7381-1855-9 (paperback: alk. paper) —ISBN O-7381-1857-5 (pdf)
`1. Local Area Networks (Computer networks)—Siandards. 2. Wireless
`communication systems. I. Petrick, Al, 1957- II. Title.
`
`
`
`TKS510S.7 O37 1999
`621.382’1—dc21
`
`,
`
`99-057887
`CIP
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright © 1999 by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`All rights reserved. Published December 1999. Printed in the United States of
`America.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic
`retrieval system or othertwise, without the prior written permission of the
`publisher.
`
`
`
`ii
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
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`
`IEEE PRESS/Standards Information Network (SIN) publications are not
`consensus documents. Information. contained in this and other works has
`been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, and reviewed by credi-
`ble members of IEEE Technical Societies, Standards Committees and/or
`Working Groups, and/or relevant technical organizations. Neither the IEEE
`nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information
`published herein, and neither the IEEE norits authors shall be responsible
`for any errors,omissions, or damages arising out ofuse ofthis information.
`Likewise, while the author and publisher believe that the infor-
`mation and guidance given in this work serve as an enhancement to users,
`all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use
`of it. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any liability to anyone
`for any lass or damage caused by any error or omission in the work,
`whether such error er omission is the result of negligence or any other
`cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed.
`This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE and
`its authors are supplying information through this publication, not attempt-
`ing to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are
`required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
`the IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions advanced in
`
`this publication.
`
`Review Policy
`The information contained in IEEE Press/ Standards Information Net-
`work publications is reviewed and evaluated by peer reviewers of relevant IEEE
`Technical Societies, Standards Committees and/or Working Groups, and/or rele-
`vant technical organizations. The authors addressed all of the reviewers’ com-
`ments to the satisfaction of both the IEEE Standards Information Network and
`those who served as peer reviewers for this document.
`The quality of the presentation of information. contained in this publi-
`cation reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors, but also the work of
`these peer reviewers. The IEEE Press acknowledges with appreciation their ded-
`ication and contribution of time and effort on behalfof the IEEE.
`To order IEEE Press publications, call 1-800-678-IEEE.
`
`Print: ISIN O-7381-1855-9
`PDF: ISBN O-7381-1857-5
`
`SP1118
`SS1118
`
`See other standards and standards-related productlistings at:
`http://standards. ieee.org/
`
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
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`seta)
`iene
`
`
`SRreterrataet
`
`
`
`
`Ssenoretearoecremaoriometostrsreeset
`
`
`For teaching methat a little hard work never hurt anyone and for being
`there every time I have needed them,I dedicate this book to my parents,
`Bob andShirley.
`
`- Bob O’Hara
`
`To my parents, Albert and Marge, who have provided me with loving
`care and taught me the values oflife. Also, to my wife and best friend,
`Patricia, for her loving support, understanding, and patience throughout
`the writing process, for which I’m forever grateful.
`
`- Al Petrick
`
`
`
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`Acknowledgment
`
`We wrote this book as a guide’ for those who will implement interoperable
`IEEE 802.11 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless LAN (WLAN) products. We were
`fortunate enough to be part of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group for the past
`7 years as chairs and active participants. We would like to thankall of our engi-
`neering colleagues who have workedso passionately in the development ofthe
`IEEE 802.11 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz WLANstandards and to those who have
`inspired us to undertake the writing of this book. It gives us great pleasure to
`have worked with some ofthe finest, and most creative and innovative engineer-
`ing professionals in the standards-setting process.
`
`We would like to thank the external reviewers who have commented on the
`material throughout the process. Their evaluation of the technical content of the
`handbook has helped us clarify our thinking and make sure we included topics
`that were core to the physical layer, MAC layer, and for practical system imple-
`mentations. The reviewers’ names andaffiliations are listed below.
`
`Naftali Chayat, BreezeCom
`Darwin Engwer, Nortel Networks
`Ian Gifford, M/A-COM, an AMPDivision
`
`Migdat Hodzic, Cadence Design Systems
`Gregory Rawlins, Signal Technologies, Inc.
`Matt Shoemake, Alantro Communications
`
`Pradeep K. Singh, MIL 3, Inc.
`Mark Webster, Intersil Corporation
`
`Andfinally, we want to thank Yvette Ho Sang andthe editorial team at IEEE
`Press for guiding us throughout the writing process.
`
`Bob ©’ Hara
`
`Al Petrick
`
`
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
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`About the Authors
`
`Bob O’Harais the president and founder of {nformed Technology, Inc., a com~-
`pany that specializes in strategic, technology, and network consulting. He is
`actively involved in the development of networking, telecommunications, and -
`computing standards and products. His areas of expertise are: network and com-
`munication protocols and their implementation, operating systems, system spec-
`ification and integration,
`standards development,
`cryptography and its
`application, strategy development, and product definition. Mr. O’Hara has been
`involved with the developmentof the IEEE 802.11 WLANstandard since 1992.
`Ile is the technical editor of that standard and chairmanofthe revisions and reg-
`ulatory extensions task groups.
`Prior to starting Informed Technology, Mr. ©’Hara worked for Advanced Micro
`Devices in both senior enginecring and management positions for the I/O and
`Network Products Division and in the Advanced Development Lab, as well as
`engineering positions at Fairchild Space and Communications and TRW
`Defense and Space Systems Group. He Graduated with a BSEE from the Uni-
`versity of Maryland in 1978.
`Al Petrick is Director of Marketing and Business Developmentat ParkerVision
`for the wireless product line. Mr. Petrick’s experience includes over 20 years of
`combined marketing and systems engineering in wireless communications with
`emphasis on semiconductor technology. Prior to ParkerVision, Mr. Petrick held
`senior management marketing and business development positions at Intersil
`Semiconductor, He successfully pioneered semiconductor technology for the
`WLAN market from inception through announcement. Mr. Petrick serves as
`Vice-Chair of the [EEE 802.11 WLAN standards committee. Mr. Petrick pub-
`lished various marketing and technical papers on wireless communications and
`is a distinguished writer with leading wireless trade journals and market and
`financial analysts. Mr. Petrick holds a BSETfrom Rochester Institute of Tech-
`nology, Rochester, New York and an MBAfrom Rollins College, Winter Park,
`Florida, He also studied business-strategies at Northwestern University Kellogg
`Graduate School of Management.
`
`
`The IEEE. 802.11 Handbook: A Designer's Companion
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`Foreword
`
`Since the publication of the TEEE 802.11 WLAN standard, many equipment
`manufacturers have entered the market with interoperable WLAN systems. In
`September 1999, the IREE-SA Standards Board approved the 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps
`802.11b and 5 GHz, 54 Mbps 802.11a extensions. However, standards are writ-
`ten as specifications for interoperable products and not as handbooksfor obtain-
`ing a thorough understanding ofthe protocol. It is impossible to include in the
`standardsall the reasons for decisions taken to get the standard ratified.
`
`The only people who could write a handbook with the qualities I have in mind
`are those that have followed the standards process from the beginning. I applaud
`Bob O’Hara and Al Petrick for taking on the task of writing this handbook. Bob
`and Al have been very instrumental
`throughout
`the development of the
`IEEE 802.11 standard and are recognized for their contributions and technical
`leadership. This bookis a first-of-a-kind and provides a perfect balance ofinfor-
`mation for embracing the physical and MAClayers ofthe standard.
`
`I expect The [EEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer's Companion to become a
`standard reference for every WLAN systems engineer and anticipate the reader
`will find this text extremely useful.
`
`Vic Llayes
`Chairman, IEEE P802.11, Standards WGfor Wireless LANs
`T.ucent ‘lechnologies Nederland B. V.
`Zadelstede 1-10
`The Netherlands
`
`
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`Preface
`
`This book from Bob and AIis very timely. Wireless LANsare exploding in pop-
`ularity. The WLAN industry is taking off and expanding beyondits vertical
`niche market roots. One of the key drivers of this new market expansion for
`WLANsis the IEEE 802.11 standard. Simply having a WLAN standard was not
`enough to spark the industry. IEEE 802.11 has been around since June of 1997.
`The IEEE 802.11b High-Rate Physical Layer extension enabled us to deliver 11
`Mbpsand products conforming to that standard have been shipping for a while.
`Wireless LANs havefinally hit the right price and performance to appealto a
`broader market. Breaking the 10 Mbpsbarrier makes IEEE 802.11 LANs
`appealing for enterprise applications. Home networking is becoming more pop-
`ular, and WLANsarean attractive option. By the time you read this, you will be
`able to purchase an IEEE 802.11-compliant, 11 Mbps consumer WLANadapter
`for $99 or less. Wireless LANsare ready for prime time and IEEE 802.11 made
`it happen.
`
`The 1@EE 802.11 standard represents many years of work from a global team of
`engineers. One of the challenges of developing the IEEE 802.11 standard was
`bringing together experts from two different disciplines —analog radio design
`and network protocol design. We had many arguments about whetherthis is a
`radio standard or a network standard. Very clearly, IEEE 802.11 isa network
`standard. Thatis the whole point. Because IEEE 802.11 fits into the IEEE 802
`framework, systems conforming to the standard can be added to existing net-
`works transparently. IEEE 802.11 WLANswill support the network protocols
`and applications that were developed for the other IEEE 802 LAN standards
`over the past 25 years. So IEEE 802.11 isa network standard that happens to
`have aradio physical layer. This book benefits from the fact that Bob and Al are
`experts in both of these disciplines. They have a deep understanding ofthe
`material gained through their many years of contribution to the standard.
`
`vill
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`The standard was over 400 pages wheninitially published, and recently two new
`physical layer extensions were added. Bob and AI help the reader navigate
`through the complexity of the standard and focus on the core issues. This bookis
`a great guide to the standard for anyone developing IEEE 802.11 products or
`those simply wanting to gain a better understanding of the standard.
`
`Enjoy!
`
`Phil Belanger
`Chairman of the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance, www.wi-fi.com
`Co-Author of the DFWMACprotocol, the proposal that was used as the basis
`for the IEEE 802.11 MAC
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`Introduction
`
`A number of books have been written in the last several years on the topic of
`WLANs. Whyis it necessary to bring another one to your shelves? We believe
`that, with the advent of the IEEE 802.11 standard for WLANs, the consolidation
`of the WLAN market will commence. Therefore,
`it is important that WLAN
`designers, network planners and administrators, and users understand the opera-
`tion and application of IEEE 802.11. This handbook will provide the detail
`required to attain that understanding.
`
`With the advent ofEEE 802.11 WLANs, an era of multivendor product compe-
`tition and innovation has begun, similar to that begun by the adoption of the
`IEEE 802.3 standard. This era is closing the door on proprietary WLANs that
`have seen limited acceptance, mostly in vertical applications such as warehous-
`ing, inventory control, and retail, The goal of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group
`was to define a complete WLAN system that would allow the use of WLANsin
`all application areas, including the typical horizontal application of corporate
`LANs, where wired LANs are found today. It is our belief that the working
`group has been successful in reaching this goal.
`
`There are two major components of the WLANdescribed by IEEE 802.11, the
`mobile station and the access point (AP). Going well beyond what other IEEE
`802 standards have donein the past, IEEE 802.11 defines a complete manage-
`ment protocol between the mobile station and AP. This management protocol
`makesit possible for a single IEEE 802.11 WLAN to comprise equipment from
`many vendors, marking true multivendor interoperability.
`
`There is a huge amount of information in the IEEE 802.11 standard and its
`extensions. Finding the information required in a short time can be challenging.
`To help meet the challenge, a mapping between the information in the standards
`and that presented in this handbook is given here. IEEE standards are divided
`into clauses and annexes, Information in the standard is referred to by the clause
`and annex in which it is found. ‘his book is divided into chapters. Information
`in this book is referred to by the chapter in whichit is found.
`
`Clauses 1 through 4 of the standard contain a brief overviewofthe standard,
`other references that are required to implement the standard, definitions of
`terms, and the abbreviations and acronyms usedin the standard. This informa-
`tion correspondsto the Introduction and abbreviationsin this handbook.
`
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`Clause 5 of the standard provides a description of the architecture and compo-
`nents of an IEEE 802.11 WLANsystem. This corresponds to Chapter 2 in this
`handbook.
`
`Clause 6 of the IEEE 802.11 standard describes the MACservice interface. This
`is an abstract interface for the exchange of data between the MACandtheproto-
`col layer above the MAC. Thisis not described explicitlyin this handbook.
`
`Clause 7 of the standard describes the MAC frames andtheir content. Clause 8
`of the standard describes the WEP functionality that may be implemented in an
`IEEE 802.11 station. Clause 9 describes the functionality and frame exchange
`protocols of the MAC.Information from these clausesis found in Chapter3.
`
`Clause 10 describes the layer managementservice interface primitives and their
`functionality. Clause 11 describes the MAC managementfunctionality and pro-
`tocols. This information may be found in Chapter 4.
`
`Clause 12 describes the PHY service interface. This is an abstract interface for
`the exchange of data between the MAC and PHY.Clause 13 describes the PHY
`management service interface, which consists solely of the MIB interface. This
`is not described explicitly in this handbook.
`
`layer.
`Clause 14 describes the frequency hopping spread spectrum physical
`Clause 15 describes the direct sequence spread spectrumphysical layer. Clause
`16 describes the infrared baseband physical
`layer. Clause 17 (IEEE 802.11a)
`describes the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed physical layer. Clause
`18 (IEEE 802.11b) describes the higher rate direct sequence spread spectrum
`physical layer. Information onall physical layers is found in Chapter6.
`
`Annex A of the standard is the Protocol Implementation Conformance State-
`ment (PICS) pro forma. This form may be used to identify the exact options
`implemented in a device claiming conformance to IEEE 802.11. This annex ts
`not discussed in this handbook.
`
`Annex B of the standard is a set of tables of the hopping patterns for the fre-
`quency hopping physical layer. This annex is not discussed in this handbook.
`Annex C ofthe standard is the state machine description of the MAC and MAC
`management functionality. A discussion of the state machines is beyond the
`scope ofthis handbook.
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
`
`xi
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`Annex D of the standard is the Management Information Base, written in
`Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) to comply with the requirements of the
`Simple Network ManagementProtocol version 2 (SNMPv2). The MACportion
`of the MIB is discussed in Chapter5.
`
`The figure below provides a quick, graphical map between the information in
`the IEEE 802,11 standard and this handbook.
`MAC Management Service
`
` MAG Service Interface
`
`
`Interface
`Clause 6
`Clause 10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`MAC Management
` Medium Access Control Sublayer
`
`
`
`
`Protocols and Operation, Clause 11, Chapter 4
`MAG Framing, Clause 7, Chapter 3
`State Machines, Annex C
`
`MAC Operation, Clause 9, Chapter 3
`Management Information Base, Annex D,
`WEP Operation, Clause 6, Chapter 3
`
`
`Chapter 5
`State Machines, Annex C
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PHY Service Interface
`PHY ManagementService
`
`Interface
`Clause 12, Chapter6
`Clause 13
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PHY Layer
`PHY Management
`
` Frequency Hopping, Clause 14, Chapter 6
`ManagementInformation Base, Annex D
`Direct Sequence, Clause 15, Chapter 6
`
`Infrared Baseband, Clause 16, Chapter 6
`
`
`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed,
`
`Clause 17, Chapter 6
`
`Higher Rate Direct Sequence, Clause 18,
`Chapter 6
`
`Wiheve to find wnfoumation on TERE 802.11
`
`Updated information about IEEE 802.11 and responses to questions by users of
`this handbook are provided by the authors at the following Website:
`http://www.informed-technology.com/handbook_additional_material.htm.
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
`
`xii
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`Contents
`
`Chapter I
`
`Similarities and Differences between Wireless
`and Wired LANs...
`deve eeeeececssesaeeeeseeeees
`
`Similarities between WLANs and Wired LANS ...0..... cece seen
`
`1
`
`Differences between WLANsand Wired LANS.............2..2.065
`
`Site 2
`
`Chapter 2
`
`IEEE Standard 802.11: The First International Standard for
`WLANS..
`
`TEBE S02. DT ATCHIE CHING cose cscescscnsseesssavcsewsnraenveon-nanansnsweemenercennees
`
`SuMMAry ........ceeceeeeeees
`
`Chapter 3
`
`MediAGCess. CORO! ocd cccsicneesececcsevereccseessssussccsnesneansoeneneeeares
`
`al?
`
`MACFunctionality ......2...0222000.ceee cee ceeeceeeneeneeeeeeeeeeeeeesenerscceseeeenene
`MACFrame Exchange Protocol........cc.ccccccecsseeene eee enneeeeeeeeneneenens
`
`19
`
`20
`
`44
`
`48
`
`Control Frame SubtyPes..cecceccccceececseeeeseescveceessessecsessessesssesecseeneeses
`Data Frame SUDGyPts eccesecceesecanncosecsennacsnenanenasinnsens uns voxempesnneeviounee
`Management Frame Subtypes.........cccccscsccseseereccereseccereeesesacenseesees
`1 8
`Components of the Management Frame Body.............::01eesee
`Other MAC Operations. ...............
`
`54
`
`wl EZ
`
`Chapter 4
`
`MAC Management... cccceececeecseneeusenentenseeeeteneeneneessceneaeeneaes
`
`Tools Available to Meet the Challenges..............::ceceeeeeceeeeeeneeereees
`Combining Management Tools.........::sscscsesesereeerenerstetteeeseeseccees
`
`81
`
`82
`
`98
`
`Chapter 5
`
`MAC Management Information Base.................:ccceeeeeeesneeeeeees
`
`. 101
`
`Station Management Attributtes.....-..........:ccccssescueeseeesoneeeserevensees
`.. 106
`
`DEA: Atte rates eacc ns cne nasonsanns seuss cease Gass Goee oa cama ae vee ma eae eg ea
`
`101
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: ADesi‘gner’s Companion
`
`xili
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`Chapter 6 The Physical Layer .:.-2-<.5:....c.sesessssenescssonaeeeerercsenencceneaenusnnganeses 113
`
`Physical Layer (PHY) Functionality .........:s1s-sssssererrsrrcersstesseess 113
`Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) PHY ..-.--...-:-01 114
`The Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) PHY........-- 124
`Infrared (IR) PHY .........cccsssscceeesssesnencesssesnrreensasaurnrneressttanenetonss 131
`IR PHY Modulation Method .............-..-eeeee sense cee ener reese eet nn ec cess 134
`Geographic Regulatory Bodies .........:.:ccsseeesestr restetttetne sree 136
`
`Chapter 7 Physical Layer Extensions to IEEE ROZYY ecscanecrorenenertneieese sees 139
`
`IEEE 802.1la-—The OFDM Physical Layer..........-.-.::--s:sree 139
`Geographic Regulatory Bodies .......-...-cccessereeerstee entre treene 147
`IEEE 802.1 1b—2.4 High Rate DSSS PHY ......:2:---e-eeesteee erent 148
`
`Chapter 8 System Design Considerations for IEEE 802.11 WLANS........- 161
`
`The Medium ..........0cccceececeeeeeeeeeeeaueeeeeeeee cece eeeeceesee isis seseecaeesenseys 161
`Multipath...........-.eeeeeeseceeesnnneeeesegecaueeeensersnscesssenseneeseressateesensneeees 162
`Multipath Channel Model.......2....2.c.:cccestesterneeeneneeeneereeseeeseenti es 164 —
`Path Loss in 2 WLAN System ...........cceceeeeeeeeeeces ene eeseseceeereneneees 166
`Multipath Fading........-:2-:::eceeecccessseseeeeseeecennesenrsersesenesenneeeneescees 168
`Es/No vs BER. Performance ............ccc::eeeeeeeeceeeee tense nereeees ee eeeanens 168
`Data Rate vs Aggregate Throughput..........----sececseeeeenrrreeeseeeeees 170
`WLANInstallation and Site Survey .........scccceseseseeeseeeseeeeeeens .. L170
`Interference in the 2.4 GHz Frequency Band............---:6e 171
`Antenna Diversity ..........:::::::scsseeeeeccececeteeneeneencenaeetenneeseseeeeeeseozss 172
`
`Acronyms and Abbreviations ..........2.:::::cceeceeterttseee teneseeeenenenncannneneneenen sess 174
`
`xiv
`
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer’s Companion
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`
`
`The IEEE 802.11 Handbook
`
`A Designer’s Companion
`
`Chapter 1
`Similarities and Differences between
`Wire