GSM
`TECHNICAL
`SPECIFICATION
`
`Source: SMG
`
`ICS: 33.020
`
`GSM 05.01
`
`April1998
`
`Version 5.4.0
`
`Reference: RGTS/SMG-020501 QR3
`
`Key words: Digital cellular telecommunications system, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)
`
`Gsr:o:
`
`GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
`MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
`
`Digital cellular telecommunications system {Phase 2+);
`Physical layer on the radio path;
`General description
`{GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0)
`
`ETSI
`
`European Telecommunications Standards Institute
`
`ETSI Secretariat
`
`Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX- FRANCE
`Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
`Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr - http:l/www.etsi.fr- http:l/www.etsi.org
`
`Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00- Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
`
`Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
`foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
`
`©European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved .
`
`

`

`Page2
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April 1998
`
`Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
`typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
`"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
`
`

`

`Page 3
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`Contents
`
`Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
`
`Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 7
`1.1
`Normative references .......................................................................................................... 7
`1.2
`Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 8
`
`Set of channels .................................................................................................................................... 8
`
`Reference configuration ...................................................................................................................... 9
`
`The block structures .......................................................................................................................... 10
`
`Multiple access and times lot structure .............................................................................................. 11
`5.1
`Hyperframes, superframes and multiframes ..................................................................... 11
`5.2
`Time slots and bursts ......................................................................................................... 11
`5.3
`Channel organization ......................................................................................................... 13
`
`Frequency hopping capability ............................................................................................................ 13
`
`Coding and interleaving ..................................................................................................................... 15
`
`Modulation ......................................................................................................................................... 15
`
`Transmission and reception .............................................................................................................. 16
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`10 Other layer 1 functions ...................................................................................................................... 17
`
`11
`
`Performance ...................................................................................................................................... 17
`
`Annex A (informative): Reference configuration ..................................................................................... 18
`
`Annex B (informative): Relations between specification ......................................................................... 19
`
`Annex C (informative): Change control history ........................................................................................ 20
`
`History .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
`
`

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`Blank page
`
`

`

`Page 5
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`Foreword
`
`This Global System for Mobile communications Technical Specification (GTS} has been produced by the
`Special Mobile Group (SMG) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
`
`This GTS is an introduction to the 05 series of the digital mobile cellular and personal communication
`systems operating in the 900 MHz (P-GSM, E-GSM, R-GSM) and 1 800 MHz band (GSM 900 and
`DCS 1 800).
`
`The contents of this GTS are subject to continuing work within SMG and may change following formal
`SMG approval. Should SMG modify the contents of this GTS it will then be republished by ETSI with an
`identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
`
`Version 5.x.y
`
`where:
`y
`
`the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the
`specification;
`
`X
`
`the second digit is incremented for all other types of changes, i.e. technical enhancements,
`corrections, updates, etc.
`
`The specification from which this GTS has been derived was originally based on CEPT documentation,
`hence the presentation of this GTS may not be entirely in accordance with the ETSI rules.
`
`

`

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`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`Blank page
`
`

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`Page7
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April 1998
`
`1
`
`Scope
`
`This Global System for Mobile communications Technical Specification (GTS) is an introduction to the
`05 series of the GSM technical specifications for GSM and DCS 1 800. It is not of a mandatory nature, but
`consists of a general description of the organization of the physical layer with reference to the technical
`specifications where each part is specified in detail. It introduces furthermore, the reference configuration
`that will be used throughout this series of technical specifications.
`
`1.1
`
`Normative references
`
`This GTS incorporates by dated and undated reference, prov1s1ons from other publications. These
`normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
`hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
`apply to this GTS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the
`latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
`
`[1]
`
`[2]
`
`[3]
`
`[4]
`
`[5]
`
`[6]
`
`[7]
`
`[8]
`
`[9]
`
`[10]
`
`[11]
`
`[12]
`
`[13]
`
`[14]
`
`GSM 01.04 (ETR 350): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
`Abbreviations and acronyms".
`
`(ETS 300 927):
`GSM 03.03
`telecommunications system
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+); Numbering, addressing and identification".
`
`(ETS 300 929):
`GSM 03.20
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+); Security related network functions".
`
`telecommunications system
`
`(ETS 300 930):
`GSM 03.22
`telecommunications system
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+); Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode and group
`receive mode".
`
`GSM 04.03: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile
`Station - Base Station System (MS - BSS) interface; Channel structures and
`access capabilities".
`
`(ETS 300 940):
`GSM 04.08
`telecommunications system
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+); Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification".
`
`(ETS 300 945):
`GSM 04.21
`telecommunications system
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+ ); Rate adaption on the Mobile Station - Base Station System
`(MS-BSS) Interface".
`
`(ETS 300 908):
`GSM 05.02
`telecommunications system
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+ ); Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path".
`
`(ETS 300 909):
`GSM 05.03
`(Phase 2+); Channel coding".
`
`"Digital cellular
`
`telecommunications system
`
`GSM 05.04
`Modulation".
`
`(ETS 300 959):
`
`"Digital cellular
`
`telecommunications system;
`
`(ETS 300 910):
`GSM 05.05
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+ ); Radio transmission and reception".
`
`telecommunications system
`
`(ETS 300 911 ):
`GSM 05.08
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+); Radio subsystem link control".
`
`telecommunications system
`
`(ETS 300 912):
`GSM 05.10
`"Digital cellular
`(Phase 2+ ); Radio subsystem synchronization".
`
`telecommunications system
`
`GSM 03.30 (ETR 364): "Digital cellular telecommunications system; Radio
`network planning aspects".
`
`

`

`Page 8
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`1.2
`
`Abbreviations
`
`Abbreviations used in this GTS are listed in GSM 01.04 [1].
`
`2
`
`Set of channels
`
`The radio subsystem provides a certain number of logical channels that can be separated into two
`categories according to GSM 04.03 [5]:
`
`1)
`
`The traffic channels (TCH): they are intended to carry two types of user information streams:
`encoded speech and data. Two types of traffic channels are defined: Bm or full-rate (TCH/F) and
`Lm or half-rate (TCH/H) traffic channels. For the purpose of this series of technical specifications,
`the following traffic channels are distinguished:
`
`full rate speech TCH (TCH/FS);
`half rate speech TCH (TCH/HS);
`14,4 kbiUs full rate data TCH (TCH/F14.4)
`9,6 kbiUs full rate data TCH (TCH/F9.6);
`4,8 kbiUs full rate data TCH (TCH/F4.8);
`4,8 kbiUs half rate data TCH (TCH/H4.8);
`:::; 2,4 kbiUs full rate data TCH (TCH/F2.4);
`:::; 2,4 kbiUs half rate data TCH (TCH/H2.4 );
`cell broadcast channel (CBCH).
`
`All channels are bi-directional unless otherwise stated. Unidirectional downlink full rate channels,
`TCH/FD are defined as the downlink part of the corresponding TCH/F. Unidirectional uplink full rate
`channels are FFS.
`
`Multislot configurations are defined as multiple (1 up to 8) full rate channels allocated to the same
`MS. At least one channel shall be bi-directional (TCH/F). The multislot configuration is symmetric if
`all channels are bi-directional (TCH/F) and asymmetric if at least one channel is unidirectional
`(TCH/FD).
`
`High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) is an example of multislot configuration, in which all
`channels shall have the same channel mode.
`
`NOTE:
`
`For the maximum number of timeslots to be used for a HSCSD configuration, see
`GSM 03.34.
`
`2)
`
`The signalling channels: these can be sub-divided into BCCH (broadcast control channel), CCCH
`(common control channel), SDCCH (stand-alone dedicated control channel) and ACCH (associated
`control channel). An associated control channel is always allocated in conjunction with, either a
`TCH, or a SDCCH. Two types of ACCH are defined: continuous stream (slow ACCH) and burst
`stealing mode (fast ACCH). For the purpose of this series of technical specifications, the following
`signalling channels are distinguished:
`
`stand-alone dedicated control channel, four of them mapped on the same basic physical
`channel as the CCCH (SDCCH/4 );
`
`stand-alone dedicated control channel, eight of them mapped on a separate basic physical
`channel (SDCCH/8);
`
`full rate fast associated control channel (FACCH/F);
`
`half rate fast associated control channel (FACCH/H);
`
`slow, TCH/F associated, control channel (SACCH/TF);
`
`slow, TCH/H associated, control channel (SACCH/TH);
`
`slow, TCH/F associated, control channel for multislot configurations (SACCH/M);
`
`slow, SDCCH/4 associated, control channel (SACCH/C4);
`
`

`

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`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April 1998
`
`slow, SDCCH/8 associated, control channel (SACCH/C8);
`
`broadcast control channel (BCCH);
`
`random access channel (i.e. uplink CCCH) (RACH);
`
`paging channel (part of downlink CCCH) (PCH);
`
`access grant channel (part of downlink CCCH) (AGCH);
`
`notification channel (part of downlink CCCH) (NCH).
`
`All associated control channels have the same direction (bi-directional or unidirectional) as the
`channels they are associated to. The unidirectional SACCH/MD is defined as the downlink part of
`SACCH/M.
`
`When there is no need to distinguish between different sub-categories of the same logical channel, only
`the generic name will be used, meaning also all the sub-categories (SACCH will mean all categories of
`SACCHs, SACCH/T will mean both the slow, TCH associated, control channels, etc.).
`
`The logical channels mentioned above are mapped on physical channels that are described in this set of
`technical specifications. The different physical channels provide for the transmission of information
`pertaining to higher layers according to a block structure.
`
`3
`
`Reference configuration
`
`For the purpose of elaborating the physical layer specification, a reference configuration of the
`transmission chain is used as shown in annex A. This reference configuration also indicates which parts
`are dealt with in details in which technical specification. It shall be noted that only the transmission part is
`specified, the receiver being specified only via the overall performance requirements. With reference to
`this configuration, the technical specifications in the 05 series address the following functional units:
`
`GSM 05.02: burst building, and burst multiplexing;
`GSM 05.03: coding, reordering and partitioning, and interleaving;
`GSM 05.04: differential encoding, and modulation;
`GSM 05.05: transmitter, antenna, and receiver (overall performance).
`
`This reference configuration defines also a number of points of vocabulary in relation to the name of bits
`at different levels in the configuration. It must be outlined, in the case of the encrypted bits, that they are
`named only with respect to their position after the encryption unit, and not to the fact that they pertain to a
`flow of information that is actually encrypted.
`
`

`

`Page 10
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April 1998
`
`4
`
`The block structures
`
`The different block structures are described in more detail in GSM 05.03 (Channel coding). A summarized
`description appears in table 1, in terms of net bit rate, length and recurrence of blocks.
`
`Table 1: Channel block structures
`
`Type of channel
`
`full rate speech TCH1
`
`net bit rate
`(kbit/s)
`13,0
`
`block length
`(bits)
`182 + 78
`
`block recurrence
`(ms)
`20
`
`half rate speech TCH2
`data TCH (14,4 kbiUs) 3
`data TCH (9,6 kbiUs)3
`data TCH (4,8 kbiUs)3
`data TCH ($ 2,4 kbiUs)3
`full rate FACCH (FACCH/F)
`half rate FACCH (FACCH/H)
`SDCCH
`SACCH (with TCH)4
`SACCH (with SDCCH)4
`BCCH
`AGCH5
`NCH5
`PCH5
`RACH5
`CBCH
`NOTE 1:
`
`95 + 17
`5,6
`20
`290
`14,5
`20
`60
`12,0
`5
`10
`60
`6,0
`36
`3,6
`10
`184
`9,2
`20
`184
`4,6
`40
`3 060/13 (235)
`184
`598/765 ("' 0, 782)
`480
`168 + 16
`115/300 ("' 0,383)
`168 + 16
`6120/13 ("'471)
`299/765 ("' 0,391)
`184
`598/765 ("' 0,782)
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`184
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`n*598/765 ("' 0,782)
`184
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`m*598/765 ("' 0,782)
`184
`p*598/765 ("' 0,782)
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`8
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`r*26/765 ("' 0,034)
`184
`598/765 ("' 0,782)
`3 060/13 ("' 235)
`For full rate speech, the block is divided into two classes according to the importance of
`the bits (182 bits for class I and 78 bits for class II).
`
`NOTE 2:
`
`For half rate speech, the block is divided into two classes according to the importance of
`the bits (95 bits for class I and 17 bits for class II).
`
`NOTE 3:
`
`For data services, the net bit rate is the adaptation rate as defined in GSM 04.21.
`
`NOTE 4:
`
`On SACCH, 16 bits are reserved for control information on layer 1, and 168 bits are used
`for higher layers.
`
`NOTE 5:
`
`CCCH channels are common to all users of a cell; the total number of blocks (m, n, p, r)
`per recurrence period is adjustable on a cell by cell basis and depends upon the
`(BS_CC_CHANS, BS_BCCH_SDCCH_COMB, BS_AG_BLKS_RES and
`parameters
`NCP) broadcast on the BCCH and specified in GSM 05.02 and GSM 04.08.
`
`

`

`Page 11
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: Apri11998
`
`5
`
`Multiple access and timeslot structure
`
`The access scheme is Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with eight basic physical channels per
`carrier. The carrier separation is 200 kHz. A physical channel is therefore defined as a sequence of TDMA
`frames, a time slot number (modulo 8) and a frequency hopping sequence.
`
`The basic radio resource is a time slot lasting "" 576,9 f.lS (15/26 ms) and transmitting information at a
`modulation rate of"' 270.833 kbit/s (1 625/6 kbit/s). This means that the time slot duration, including guard
`time, is 156,25 bit durations.
`
`We shall describe successively the time frame structures, the time slot structures and the channel
`organization. The appropriate specifications will be found in GSM 05.02 (multiplexing and multiple
`access).
`
`5.1
`
`Hyperframes, superframes and multiframes
`
`A diagrammatic representation of all the time frame structures is in figure 1. The longest recurrent time
`period of the structure is called hyperframe and has a duration of 3 h 28 mn 53 s 760 ms (or 12 533,76 s).
`The TDMA frames are numbered modulo this hyperframe (TDMA frame number, or FN, from 0 to
`2 715 64 7). This long period is needed to support cryptographic mechanisms defined in GSM 03.20.
`
`One hyperframe is subdivided in 2 048 superframes which have a duration of 6,12 seconds. The
`superframe is the least common multiple of the time frame structures. The superframe is itself subdivided
`in multiframes; two types of multiframes exist in the system:
`
`a 26-frame multiframe (51 per superframe) with a duration of 120 ms, comprising 26 TDMA frames.
`This multiframe is used to carry TCH (and SACCH/T) and FACCH;
`
`a 51-frame multiframe (26 per superframe) with a duration of"' 235,4 ms (3 060/13 ms), comprising
`51 TDMA frames. This multiframe is used to carry BCCH, CCCH (NCH, AGCH, PCH and RACH)
`and SDCCH (and SACCH/C).
`
`A TDMA frame, comprising eight time slots has a duration of"" 4,62 (60/13) ms.
`
`5.2
`
`Time slots and bursts
`
`The time slot is a time interval of"" 576,9 f.lS (15/26 ms), that is 156,25 bit durations, and its physical
`content is called a burst. Four different types of bursts exist in the system. A diagram of these bursts
`appears in figure 1.
`
`normal burst (NB): this burst is used to carry information on traffic and control channels, except for
`RACH. It contains 116 encrypted bits and includes a guard time of 8,25 bit durations ("" 30,46 f.lS );
`
`frequency correction burst (FB): this burst is used for frequency synchronization of the mobile. It is
`equivalent to an unmodulated carrier, shifted in frequency, with the same guard time as the normal
`burst. It is broadcast together with the BCCH. The repetition of FBs is also named frequency
`correction channel (FCCH);
`
`synchronization burst (SB): this burst is used for time synchronization of the mobile. It contains a
`long training sequence and carries the information of the TDMA frame number (FN) and base
`station identity code (BSIC, see GSM 03.03). It is broadcast together with the frequency correction
`burst. The repetition of synchronization bursts is also named synchronization channel (SCH);
`
`access burst (AB): this burst is used for random access and is characterized by a longer guard
`period (68,25 bit durations or 252 f.lS) to cater for burst transmission from a mobile which does not
`know the timing advance at the first access (or after handover).This allows for a distance of 35 km.
`In exceptional cases of cell radii larger than 35 km, some possible measures are described in
`GSM 03.30. The access burst is used in the RACH and after handover, as well as on the uplink of a
`channel used for a voice group call in order to request the use of that uplink.
`
`

`

`I o 1 1 1 2 r3 1 ( ] s 1-6 ml
`·-------------------------
`-
`
`1 f t.
`I j
`I
`I
`o --~~ ~-
`;;,;
`1
`1
`=-..........
`,"
`.......
`,"
`• 1 (26-frame) multiframe = 26 TDMAframes (120 ms)
`
`/
`;;/
`
`i u
`
`-
`
`,:,,·1
`I
`I - I
`I o 11 PI j 14 1
`
`I
`
`- - - - - - -
`
`1 hyperframe = 2 048 superframes= 2 715 648 TDMA frames (3 h 28 mn 53 s 760 ms)
`
`Page 12
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April 1998
`
`J2D42J 2o43J?o44I2045J2046 f2o47 1
`
`;,,''
`
`/
`
`1 superframe= 1 326 TDMA frames (6,12 s)
`
`(=51 (26-frame) multiframes or 26 (51-frame) multiframest-----
`
`----------------------
`I 50 I
`---------------- I 47
`I 49
`1
`1
`----------------------
`2s
`..............
`.,.-.""'""
`......
`.-*
`1 (51-fram;) multiframe =51 TDMA fram;s (306~/13 ms)
`-
`--
`--
`-.....
`,
`.,.-
`'
`I-_-......... ; ... " I
`I
`I~ I
`I o 111 '"I 3 I
`....
`- - - - - - - - - • _. ·-•
`-------
`-----l4ol4r 1481491501
`lzzi<:JI24 psi
`.. "-
`.. ~
`--...............
`.c>
`,~
`1tDMA fram: = 8 t;;;~-sfoiS(-izo/26_ or 4,615 ~~
`
`I 48
`24
`
`Q
`
`.,..,.;
`
`I
`
`-
`
`I 6 1 7 1
`IU I I IZ I J I 4
`---
`I 5
`--------
`-------------------
`------------------~time slot= 156,25 bit durations (15/26 or 0,;;·7~~j····--------------------
`
`.
`
`---
`
`Normal burst (NB)
`
`Encrypted bits
`58
`
`raining sequence
`26
`
`Encrypted bits
`58
`
`(TB: Tail bits - GP: Guard period)
`
`Frequency correction burst (FB)
`
`tBI
`3 I
`
`Fixed bits
`142
`
`Synchronization burst (SB)
`
`Encrypted bits
`39
`
`Synchronization sequence
`64
`
`I
`
`Encrypted bits
`39
`
`----
`
`m GPI
`
`13 8.25 j
`
`Access burst (AB)
`
`Synchronization sequence
`1 1
`41
`
`1
`
`Encryp~~d bits
`
`~~s j
`
`----~r~~~~~~~~~~~J
`
`Figure 1: Time frames time slots and bursts
`
`

`

`Page 13
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`5.3
`
`Channel organization
`
`The channel organization for the traffic channels (TCH), FACCHs and SACCH/T uses the 26-frame
`multiframe. It is organized as described in figure 2, where only one time slot per TDMA frame is
`considered.
`
`(a) I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I A I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T I T 1- I
`
`. : : - - - - - - - - - - - - -26 frames= 120 ms
`
`(b) I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I A I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I T I t I a I
`
`(a) case of one full rate TCH
`T, t: TDMA frame for TCH
`
`-: idle TDMA frame
`
`A, a: TDMA frame for SACCH/T
`
`(b) case of two half rate TCHs
`
`Figure 2: Traffic channel organization
`
`The FACCH is transmitted by pre-empting half or all of the information bits of the bursts of the TCH to
`which it is associated (see GSM 05.03).
`
`The channel organization for the control channels (except FACCHs and SACCH/T) uses the 51-frame
`multiframe. It is organized in the downlink and uplink as described in figure 3.
`
`6
`
`Frequency hopping capability
`
`The frequency hopping capability is optionally used by the network operator on all or part of its network.
`The main advantage of this feature is to provide diversity on one transmission link (especially to increase
`the efficiency of coding and interleaving for slowly moving mobile stations) and also to average the quality
`on all the communications through interferers diversity. It is implemented on all mobile stations.
`
`The principle of slow frequency hopping is that every mobile transmits its time slots according to a
`sequence of frequencies that it derives from an algorithm. The frequency hopping occurs between time
`slots and, therefore, a mobile station transmits (or receives) on a fixed frequency during one time slot
`("' 577 IJS) and then must hop before the time slot on the next TDMA frame. Due to the time needed for
`monitoring other base stations the time allowed for hopping is approximately 1 ms, according to the
`receiver implementation. The receive and transmit frequencies are always duplex frequencies.
`
`The frequency hopping sequences are orthogonal inside one cell (i.e. no collisions occur between
`communications of the same cell}, and independent from one cell to an homologue cell (i.e. using the
`same set of RF channels, or cell allocation). The hopping sequence is derived by the mobile from
`parameters broadcast at the channel assignment, namely, the mobile allocation (set of frequencies on
`which to hop), the hopping sequence number of the cell (which allows different sequences on homologue
`cells} and the index offset (to distinguish the different mobiles of the cell using the same mobile
`allocation). The non-hopping case is included in the algorithm as a special case. The different parameters
`needed and the algorithm are specified in GSM 05.02.
`
`In case of multi band operation frequency hopping channels in different bands of operation, e.g. between
`channels in GSM and DCS, is not supported. Frequency hopping within each of the bands supported shall
`be implemented in the mobile station.
`
`It must be noted that the basic physical channel supporting the BCCH does not hop.
`
`

`

`BCCH + CCCH
`(downlink)
`
`Page 14
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: Apri11998
`IFisl ;B; ; I ;c; ; IFisl ;c; ; I ;c; ; IFisl ;c; ; I ;c; ; IFisl ;c; ; I ;c; ; IFisl ;c; ; I ;c; ; 1-1
`
`BC~~p~n~~CH IRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRIRI
`
`14 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !51 frames » 235.38 ms--------------------_,~
`
`8 SDCCH/8
`(downlink)
`
`8 SDCCH/8
`(uplink)
`
`B~(:s:~~~~:)~H 1:1~1 ::: :I:~:: 1:1~1 :~::I:~:: 1:1~1 : ~~: I:~~: I 1'02' ~---d 3'l I FA' a~, IT I i
`: o: 3 :j ~
`~ 2
`~
`
`: 4 3:
`
`: q 2:
`
`BCCH + CCCH
`4 SDCCH/4
`(uplink)
`
`TDMA frame for frequency correction burst
`F:
`B: TDMA frame for BCCH
`D: TDMA frame for SDCCH
`R: TDMA frame for RACH
`
`S: TDMA frame for synchronization burst
`C: TDMA frame for CCCH
`A: TDMA frame for SACCH/C
`
`Figure 3: Channel organization in the 51-frame multiframe
`
`

`

`Page 15
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: Apri11998
`
`7
`
`Coding and interleaving
`
`A brief description of the coding schemes that are used for the logical channels mentioned in clause 2,
`plus the synchronization channel (SCH, see subclause 5.2), is made in the following table. For all the
`types of channels the following operations are made in this order:
`
`external coding (block coding);
`internal coding (convolutional coding);
`interleaving.
`
`After coding the different channels (except RACH and SCH) are constituted by blocks of coded
`information bits plus coded header (the purpose of the header is to distinguish between TCH and FACCH
`blocks). These blocks are interleaved over a number of bursts. The block size and interleaving depth are
`channel dependent. All these operations are specified in GSM 05.03.
`
`Type of channel
`
`bits/block
`data+pari!Y_+tail1
`
`convolutional
`code rate
`
`coded bits per
`block
`456
`378
`78
`228
`211
`17
`456
`456
`228
`456
`456
`228
`456
`456
`
`interleaving
`depth
`8
`
`4
`
`19
`19
`19
`19
`8
`19
`8
`6
`
`4
`1
`1
`
`182 + 3 + 4
`78 + 0 + 0
`
`95+3+6
`17+0+0
`290 + 0 + 4
`4*60 + 0 + 4
`60+0+16
`4*60 + 0 + 4
`72 + 0 + 4
`72+0+4
`184 + 40 + 4
`184+40+4
`
`1/2
`-
`
`104/211
`
`294/456
`244/456
`1/3
`244/456
`1/6
`1/3
`1/2
`1/2
`
`TCH/FS
`class 12
`class II
`TCH/HS
`class 13
`class II
`TCH/F14.4
`TCH/F9.6
`TCH/F4.8
`TCH/H4.8
`TCH/F2.4
`TCH/H2.4
`FACCH/F
`FACCH/H
`SDCCHs SACCHs
`BCCH NCH AGCH
`PCH
`CBCH
`RACH
`SCH
`NOTE 1:
`
`184 + 40 + 4
`456
`1/2
`1/2
`8+6+4
`36
`25 + 10 + 4
`78
`1/2
`The tail bits mentioned here are the tail bits of the convolutional code.
`
`NOTE 2:
`
`The 3 parity bits for TCH/FS detect an error on 50 bits of class I.
`
`NOTE 3:
`
`The 3 parity bits for TCH/HS detect an error on 22 bits of class I.
`
`Modulation
`8
`The modulation scheme is gaussian MSK (GMSK) with BT = 0,3. As already mentioned the modulation
`rate is 1 625/6 kbit/s ("" 270,83 kbit/s). This scheme is specified in detail in GSM 05.04 (Modulation and
`demodulation).
`
`

`

`Page 16
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: April1998
`
`9
`
`Transmission and reception
`
`The modulated stream is then transmitted on a radio frequency carrier. The frequency bands and channel
`arrangement are the following.
`
`i)
`
`ii)
`
`Standard or primary GSM 900 Band, P-GSM;
`For Standard GSM 900 Band, the system is required to operate in the following frequency band:
`890 - 915 MHz: mobile transmit, base receive
`935 - 960 MHz: base transmit, mobile receive
`
`Extended GSM 900 Band, E-GSM (includes Standard GSM 900 band);
`For Extended GSM 900 Band, the system is required to operate in the following frequency band:
`880 - 915 MHz: mobile transmit, base receive
`925 - 960 MHz: base transmit, mobile receive
`
`iii)
`
`Railways GSM 900 Band, R-GSM (includes Standard and Extended GSM 900 Band);
`
`For Railways GSM 900 Band, the system is required to operate in the following frequency band:
`
`876 - 915 MHz: mobile transmit, base receive
`921 - 960 MHz: base transmit, mobile receive
`
`iv)
`
`DCS 1 800 Band;
`For DCS 1 800, the system is required to operate in the following frequency band:
`1 710 - 1 785 MHz: mobile transmit, base receive
`1 805 - 1 880 MHz: base transmit, mobile receive
`
`NOTE 1:
`
`The term GSM 900 is used for any GSM system which operates in any 900 MHz band.
`
`NOTE 2:
`
`The BTS may cover the complete band, or the BTS capabilities may be restricted to a
`subset only, depending on the operator needs.
`
`Operators may implement networks on a combination of the frequency bands above to support multi band
`mobile stations which are defined in GSM 02.06.
`
`The RF channel spacing is 200kHz, allowing for 194 (GSM 900) and 374 (DCS 1 800) radio frequency
`channels, thus leaving a guard band of 200 kHz at each end of the subbands.
`
`The specific RF channels, together with the requirements on the transmitter and the receiver will be found
`in GSM 05.05 (Transmission and reception).
`
`In order to allow for low power consumption for different categories of mobiles (e.g. vehicle mounted,
`hand-held, .. ),different power classes have been defined. For GSM 900 there are four power classes with
`the maximum power class having 8 W peak output power (ca 1 W mean output power) and the minimum
`having 0,8 W peak output power. For DCS 1 800 there are three power classes of 4 W peak output
`power, 1 W peak output power (ca 0,125 W mean) and 0,25 W peak output power.
`
`Multi band mobile stations may have any combinations of the allowed power classes for each of the bands
`supported.
`
`The power classes are specified in GSM 05.05.
`
`The requirements on the overall transmission quality together with the measurement conditions are also in
`GSM 05.05.
`
`

`

`Page 17
`GSM 05.01 version 5.4.0: Apri11998
`
`10
`
`Other layer 1 functions
`
`The transmission involves other functions. These functions may necessitate the handling of specific
`protocols between BS and MS. Relevant topics for these cases are:
`
`1)
`
`2)
`
`3)
`
`4)
`
`5)
`
`The power control mechanisms which adjust the output level of the mobile station (and optionally of
`the base station) in order to ensure that the required quality is achieved with the less possible
`radiated power. Power levels with 2 dB steps have been defined for that purpose. This is described
`in GSM 05.08 (radio subsystem link control) and GSM 05.05.
`
`The synchronization of the receiver with regard to frequency and time (time acquisition and time
`frame alignment). The synchronization problems are described in GSM 05.10 (synchronization
`aspects).
`
`The hand-over and quality monitoring which are necessary to allow a mobile to continue a call
`during a change of physical channel. This can occur either because of degradation of the quality of
`the current serving channel, or because of the availability of another channel which can allow
`communication at a lower Tx power level, or to prevent a MS from grossly exceeding the planned
`cell boundaries. In the case of duplex point-to-point connections, the choice of the new channel is
`done by the network (base station control and MSC) based on measurements (on its own and on
`adjacent base stations) that are sent on a continuous basis by the mobile station via the SACCHs.
`The requirements are specified in GSM 05.08 (radio subsystem link control).
`
`The measurements and sub-procedures used in the first selection or reselection of a base station
`by a mobile are specified in GSM 05.08 (radio subsystem link control). (The overall selection and
`reselection procedures, together with the idle mode activities of a mobile are defined in GSM 03.22
`(functions related toMS in idle mode).)
`
`The measurements and sub-procedures used by an MS in selecting a base station for reception of
`a voice group or a voice broadcast call are specified in GSM 05.08 (radio subsystem link control).
`The overall voice group and voice broadcast cell change procedures, being similar to the
`reselection procedures related to the idle mode activities of an MS, are defined in GSM 03.22
`(functions related toMS in idle mode).
`
`11
`
`Performance
`
`Under typical urban fading conditions (i.e. multipath delays no greater than 5 J.