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`|PR2017-00741
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`

`

`IEEE Std 100-1996
`
`The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
`Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`Sixth Edition
`
`Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`This standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
`organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
`under the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus-based process.
`
`ISBN 1-5593?-633-l:
`
`
`llllllllllllllWW Willi
`
`20f13
`
`

`

`
`
`Introduction
`
`Since the first edition in 1941 of the American Standard Definitions of Electrical Terms, the work now
`known as IEEE Std 100, The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, has evolved
`into the unique compendium of terms that it is today.
`
`The current edition includes all terms defined in approved IEEE standards through December 1996. Terms
`are categorized by their technical subject area. They are also associated with the standards or publications
`in which they currently appear. In some cases, terms from withdrawn standards are included when no
`current source can be found. Earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 included terms from sources other than
`IEEE standards, such as technical journals, books, or conference proceedings. These terms have been
`maintained for the sake of consistency and their sources are listed with the standards in the back of the
`book.
`
`The practice of defining terms varies from standard to standard. Many working groups that write standards
`prefer to work with existing definitions, while others choose to write their own. Thus terms may have
`several similar, although not identical, definitions. Definitions have been combined wherever it has been
`possible to do so by making only minor editorial changes. Otherwise, they have been left as written in
`the original standard.
`
`Users of IEEE Std 100 occasionally comment on the surprising omission of a particular term commonly
`used in an electrical or electronics field. This occurs because the terms in IEEE Std 100 represent only
`those defined in the existing or past body of IEEE standards. To respond to this, some working groups
`obtain authorization to create a glossary of terms used in their field. All existing, approved standard
`glossaries have been incorporated into this edition of IEEE Std 100, including the most current glossaries
`of terms for computers and power engineering.
`
`IEEE working groups are encouraged to refer to [IEEE Std 100 when developing new or revised standards
`to avoid redundancy. They are also encouraged to investigate deficiencies in standard terms and create
`standard glossaries to alleviate them.
`
`The sponsoring body for this document was Standards Coordinating Committee 10 on Definitions
`(SCClO), which consisted of the following members:
`
`John W. Balde
`Arthur Ballato
`Bruce Barrow
`William Carey
`Frank A. Denbrock
`Jay Forster
`
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`Chris Heegard
`John Horch
`J. L. Koepfinger
`Allen H. Meitzler
`Frank D. Myers
`David E. Roberts
`
`F. A. Saal
`Ralph M. Showers
`Edward N. Skomal
`Kenneth L. Swinth
`Raymond S. Turgel
`Edward F. Vance
`
`30f13
`
`

`

`When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on 10 December 1996, it had the following
`membership.
`
`Richard J. Holleman, Vice Chair
`Donald C. Loughry, Chair
`Andrew G. Salem, Secretary
`
`Gilles A. Baril
`Clyde R. Camp
`Joseph A. Cannatelli
`Stephen L. Diamond
`Harold E. Epstein
`Donald C. Fleckenstein
`Jay Forster*
`Donald N. Heirrnan
`Ben C. Johnson
`
`*Member Emeritus
`
`E. G. “Al” Kiener
`Joseph L. Koepfinger*
`Stephen R. Lambert
`Lawrence V. McCall
`L. Bruce McClung
`Marco W, Migliaro
`Mary Lou Padgett
`John W. Pope
`
`Jose R. Ramos
`Arthur K. Reilly
`Ronald H. Reimer
`Gary S. Robinson
`Ingo Riisch
`John S. Ryan
`Chee Kiow Tan
`Leonard L. Tripp
`Howard L. Wolfman
`
`Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:
`
`Satish K. Aggarwal
`Alan H. Cookson
`
`Chester C. Taylor
`
`Kim Breitfelder (1995—present), IEEE Std 100 Editor
`Stephen Huffman (1993-1995), IEEE Std 100 Editor
`
`Assistance was provided by the IEEE Standards editorial staff.
`
`How to use this dictionary
`
`The terms defined in this dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categories associated
`with the term in earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision. If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`Acronyms and abbreviations are no longer listed in a separate section in the dictionary; rather, they are
`incorporated alphabetically with other terms. Each acronym or abbreviation refers to its expanded term,
`where it is defined. Acronyms and abbreviations for which no definition was included in past editions
`have been deleted from this edition of IEEE Std 100.
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the IEEE
`Standards World Wide Web site at http://standards.ieee.org/.
`
`Categories
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of IEEE Std 100 are defined below. This infor—
`mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the definition. Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category “StleO” assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than IEEE
`standards, such as the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) or the National Fire Protection Association,
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all sources
`for the most up—to—date terminology.
`lV
`
`4of13
`
`

`

`Categories sorted by abbreviation
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`antennas and propagation
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—bus architecture
`broadcast technology
`computer
`circuits and systems
`consumer electronics
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`cOmmunications
`
`control systems
`computer—design automation
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`electron devices
`education
`
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`engineering management
`engineering in medicine and biology
`electromagnetic compatibility
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industry applications
`industrial electronics
`information infrastructure
`instrumentation and measurement
`
`information theory
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro—optics
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`magnetics
`military
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`microwave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`nuclear instruments
`
`non-ionizing radiation
`neural networks
`
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`oceanic engineering
`computer—portable applications
`power engineering
`power electronics .
`power quality
`surge-protective devices
`photovoltaics
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`robotics and automation
`
`rotating electrical machinery
`
`AE
`AHDL
`AMR
`AP
`ATL
`BA
`BT
`C
`CAS
`CE
`CHM
`COM
`
`CS
`DA
`DEI
`DESG
`DIS
`ED
`EDU
`
`EEC
`ELM
`EM
`EMB
`EMC
`GRS
`GSD
`IA
`IE
`II
`IM
`
`IT
`IVHS
`LEO
`LM
`MAG
`MIL
`MM
`MTT
`NEC
`
`NESC
`NFPA
`NI
`
`NIR -
`NN
`
`NPS
`ODM
`OE
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`PV
`QUL
`R
`RA
`
`REM
`
`5of13
`
`

`

`RL
`S&P
`SB
`SE
`SMC
`SP
`Std100
`SUB
`
`SWG
`T&D
`
`TF
`TRR
`TT
`UFFC
`VT
`
`roadway lighting
`computer——security and privacy
`stationary batteries
`computer—software engineering
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Categories sorted by name
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communications
`
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—bus architecture
`computer—design automation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`computer—portable applications
`computer—security and privacy
`computer— software engineering
`consumer electronics
`
`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro—optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`Vl
`
`60f13
`
`AE
`AP
`AMR
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`MM
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`CS
`DEI
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
`EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`IE
`IA
`11
`IT
`IM
`IVHS
`LEO
`MAG
`MTT
`
`

`

`military
`National Electrical Code
`
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`neural networks
`
`non-ionizing radiation
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`nuclear instruments
`
`oceanic engineering
`photovoltaics
`power electronics
`power engineering
`power quality
`power switchgear
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`roadway lighting
`robotics and automation
`
`rotating electrical machinery
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`stationary batteries
`substations
`
`surge-protective devices
`systems, man, and cybemetics
`test technology
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`transmission and distribution
`
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Trademarks
`
`MIL
`NEC
`
`NESC
`NFPA
`NN
`
`NIR
`NPS
`NI
`
`OE
`PV
`PEL
`PE
`PQ
`SWG
`QUL
`R
`RL
`RA
`
`REM
`SP
`StleO
`SB
`SUB
`
`PSPD
`SMC
`TT
`TF
`TRR
`T&D
`
`UFFC
`VT
`
`The following is a list of trademarks that may be used in IEEE Std 100-1996, The IEEE Standard
`Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms.
`
`ABBET is pending trademark registration by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`Analog devices is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
`
`BOCA is a registered trademark of Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.
`
`Futurebus+ is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`Mylar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
`
`NBC and National Electrical Code are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association.
`
`NESC and National Electrical Safety Code are registered trademarks and service marks of the Institute
`of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`NESC is a registered trademark and service mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
`Inc.
`
`Netbios is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
`
`vii
`
`
`
`fiffi
`
`

`

`Nomex is a registered trademark of E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Company.
`
`NuBus is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments, Inc.
`
`OpenBoot is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`Open Software Foundation, OSF, and the OSF logo are registered trademarks of the Open Software
`Foundation, Inc.
`
`POSIX is a registered certification mark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`SCSI is a registered trademark of SCSI Solutions.
`
`SDI is a registered trademark of Maurice Siebenberg.
`
`SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`SPARCstation is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc.
`
`Sun Microsystems is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`
`TURBOchannel is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Uniform Building Code is a trademark of the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO).
`
`UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through
`X/Open Company Limited.
`
`VAX is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`VAXBI is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
`
`Verilog is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
`
`Velcro is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B. V.
`
`Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`X/Open is a registered trademark and the “X” device is a trademark of X/Open Company, Ltd.
`
`
`
`
`
`viii
`
`80f13
`
`I'
`
`

`

`mixed-mode interference
`
`658
`
`mixed-mode interference Interference that consists of com—
`puuents from both common- and dit'fcrctttial-tttiide interfer-
`ence.
`(EMC) C63.|3—19‘}l
`mixed‘pressure turbine. condensing or noncontlensing [con-
`trol systems for steam turbine-generator ttnits) Steam utt-
`tcrs the turbine at two or more pressures through separate inlet
`openings with means for controlling the inlet steam pressures
`or turbine power output.
`(PE)
`lZE—IEittSs
`mixed radix Pertaining to a numeration system that uses more
`than one radix, such as the biquinary system.
`
`(C)
`
`[20]. [85]
`
`mixed-radix notation A radix notation system in which all digit
`positions do not have the same radix. For example. biquinary
`notation in which the digit positions have tlte radix 2 or 5.
`alternately. Synonyms: mixed-base notation; mixed-base nu-
`nicration system: mixed—radix numeration system. Contrast:
`fixed—radix notation.
`(C)
`[034-I986w
`mixed-radix numeration system See: mixed-radix notation.
`mixed rain and snow Precipitation consisting of a mixture of
`rain and wet snow. it usually occurs when the temperature of
`the air iayer near the ground is slightly above freetdug.
`(PBKTétzD)
`539—1990
`
`mixed sweep {oscilloscopes) In a system having both a delaying
`sweep and a delayed sweep. a means of displaying the delay—
`ing sweep to the poittt of delay pickot‘l‘ and displaying the
`delayed sweep beyond that point. See rttso: oscillograph.
`(1M) HUI
`
`mixed transaction An address beat followed by any number or
`combination of data write and data read transfers to a single
`location using the single address transfer mode. This is ter-
`minated by the appropriate style of end beat.
`(CIMM) 896.1-1987s
`
`mixed type See: mixed mode.
`rc—
`mixer (A) (data transmission) In a sound transmission.
`cording or reproducing system, a device having two or more
`inputs. usually adjustable. and a common output, which op-
`erates to combine linearly in a desired proportion the separate
`input signals to produce an output signal. {13) {data traits-
`mission) The stage in a heterodyne receiver in which the
`mourning signal
`is modulated with the signal
`from the
`local oscillator to produce the intermediate-{tequcncy signal.
`{C} {data transmission) A process of intenningling of data
`traffic [lowing between concentration and expansion stages.
`(1’13)
`599—1985w
`
`mixer tube An electron tube that performs only the frequency-
`conversion function of a heterodyne conversion transducer
`when it is supplied with voltage or power from an externai
`oscillator.
`(ED)
`l61-197Iw
`mixing ratio (of water vapor) The ratio of the mass of water
`vapor to the mass of dry air in a given voltimc of air. This
`ratio is generally expressed in grams per kilogram.
`.
`(AP) Ell—IQ‘JD
`mixing segment A medium that may be connected to more than
`two M1315.
`(Ct‘L'M) 802.3u-1995
`MKSA system of units A system it] which the basic units are
`the meter. kilogram. and second. and the ampere is a derived
`unit defined by assigning the magnitude 417 ><
`ID"? to the
`rationalized magnetic constant
`(sometimes called the per—
`meability of space). Notes: 1. At its meeting, in 1950 the ln—
`ternational Electroteehnicai Commission recommended that
`the MKSA system be used only in the rationalized form.
`2. The electrical units of this system were l'omterly called the
`practical electrical units. 3. ll the MESA system is used in
`the unrationalixed form the magnetic constant is lit"7 hent'yt’
`meter and the electric constant
`is “We2 l'aradsfmctcr.
`l-lcre
`r, the speed of light. is approximately 3 >1 It)“ meterst‘second.
`4. In this system. dimensional analysis is customarily used
`with the four independent (basic) dimensions: mass. icngth.
`time, current.
`(Sldliitl) 270-1960w
`MLHG Sec: multi-line hunt group.
`M-L ratio See: metallic longitudinal induction ratio.
`
`90f13
`
`mobile telephone system
`
`MLS See: microwave landing system.
`MMI See: man-machine interface; user interface.
`MMU Sec: memory management untt.
`mnemonic (1) (test, measurement, and diagnostic equip-
`tnent) Assuming. or intending to assist a human memory and
`understanding. Thus a mnemonic term is usually an abbre-
`viation. that is easy to retrtetnher'. for example. nth for mul-
`tiply and ace l‘or accumulator.
`(NHL)
`[2]
`(2) At: abbreviation or other shortened keyboard notation that
`is used to substitute for a more complicated actiOn. such as
`selecting an object or performing an operation on it.
`(C)
`1295-1993
`mnemonic code (test. measurement. and diagnostic equip-
`ment) A pseudo code in which ittl’onnation. usually itislntc-
`tions. is represented by symbols or characters which are read-
`ily identified with the information.
`(MIL)
`[2]
`mnemonic symbol (software) A symbol chosen to assist the
`human memory. for esampie. an abbreviation such as “mpy”
`for“1nu1tiply."
`(ClSE) 72949835
`MNOS Acronym for metal nitride oxide semiconductor.
`(ED) 641-1987w
`MNOS transistor See: metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor tran-
`sistor.
`
`m:n relationship* See: many—to-many relationship.
`* Deprecated.
`mobile (x-ray) Equipment mounted on a permanent base with
`wheels andtor casters for moving while completely.assem-
`bled.
`(NEC/NESC)
`[86]
`mobile communication system Combinations of interrelated
`devices capable of transmitting intelligence between two or
`more spatially separated radio stations. one or tttore of which
`shall be mobile.
`(VT)
`[37]
`mobile home A factory-assembled structure or
`structures
`equipped with the necessary setvice connections and made so
`its to be readily movable as a unit or onitt's) without a per—
`munent foundation. The phrase “without a pcmtancnt foun-
`dation" indicates that the support system is constructed with
`the intent that the mobile home placed thereon will be moved
`from time to time at the convenience of the owner.
`[86]
`(NEC/NESC)
`mobile home accessory building or structure Any awning,
`cabana. ramada, storage cabinet. carport. fence. windbreak
`or porch established for
`the use of the occupant of the
`mobile home upon a mobile home lot.
`(NEC/NESC)
`[86]
`mobile home lot A designated portion of a mobile home park
`designed for the accommodation of one mobile home and its
`accessory buildings or structures for the exclusive use of its
`occupants.
`(NECINESC)
`[86]
`mobile home park A contiguous parcel of land which is used
`for the accommodation of occupied mobile homes.
`[86]
`(NEC/NESC)
`mobile home service equipment The equipment containing the
`disconnecting means. overcurrent protective devices. and re-
`ceptaclcs or other means for connecting a mobile home feeder
`assembly.
`(NECINESC)
`[86]
`mobile radio service Radio service between a radio station at
`a fixed location and one or more mobile stations, or between
`mobile stations. See also: radio transmission.
`[119]
`(EEC/PE)
`mobile station A radio station designed for installation in a
`vehicle and normally operated when in motion. See also: mo-
`bile communication system.
`(COM/VT)
`[37]
`mobile telemetering Electric telemetering between points that
`may have relative motion, where the use of interconnecting
`wires is precluded. Note: Space radio is usually employed as
`an intermediate means for mobile telemetering, but radio may
`also be used for telemetering between fixed points. See also:
`telemetering.
`(EEC/PE)
`[119]
`mobile telephone system (automatic channel access) A mo—
`bile telephone system capable of operation on a plurality of
`frequency channels with automatic selection at either the base
`
`

`

`mobile transmitter
`
`659
`
`mode conversion
`
`the measurement of Affaiblissement equivalent pour netteté
`(equivalent articulation loss). The applicable dimensions are
`‘shown in the correpsonding figure.
`(COM) 269-19835
`modal noise (fiber optics) Noise generated in an optical fiber
`system by the combination of mode dependent optical losses
`and fluctuation in the distribution of optical energy among the
`guided modes or in the relative phases of the guided modes.
`Synonym: speckle noise. See also: mode.
`(StleO) 812-1984w
`modal participation factor The magnitude of each structural
`mode (natural frequency) that participates to compose the fi-
`nal dynamic response of the system. Each participation factor
`is a function of the system mass distribution and the gener-
`alized mode shape at each natural frequency.
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992,.C37.81-1989r
`modal point (transmission performance of telephone sets)
`The position of the center of the lips of a modal head. Also,
`the corresponding reference point of an artificial mouth, the
`center of the external plane of the lip ring.
`(COM) 269-19835
`modal position (transmission performance of telephone sets)
`The position :I
`telephone—set handset assumes when the ear—
`cap 01‘ the handset is held in close contact with the ear of a
`modal head and the modal direction is in the plane defined
`by the axes of the transmitter cap and ear-cap.
`(COM) 269—19833
`mode (1) (binary floating-point arithmetic) (radix-indepen-
`dent floating-point arithmetic) A variable that a user may
`set, sense, save, and restore to control the execution of sub-
`sequent arithmetic operations. The default mode is the mode
`that a program can assume to be in effect unless an explicitly
`contrary statement is included in either the program or its
`specification. The following mode is implemented: 1) Round-
`ing, to control the direction of round iag errors. 2) In certain
`implementations, rounding precision, to shorten the precision
`of results. 3) The implementor may, at his option, implement
`the following modes: traps disabled or enabled, to handle ex—
`ceptions.
`(C/MM) 754-1985r, 854—19871
`(2) (electron tube) A state of a vibrating system to which
`corresponds one of the possible resonance frequencies (or
`propagation constants). Note: Not all dissipative systems have
`modes. See also: oscillatory circuit.
`
`[451,161-1971w
`(ED)
`(3) (fiber optics) In any cavity or transmission line, one of
`those electromagnetic field distributions that satisfies Max-
`well's equations and the boundary conditions. The field pat-
`tern of a mode depends on the wavelength, refractive index,
`and cavity or waveguide geometry. See also: bound mode;
`cladding mode; differential mode attenuation; differential
`mode delay; equilibrium mode distribution; equilibrium mode
`simulator; fundamental mode; hybrid mode; leaky mode; lin-
`early polarized mode; mode volume; multimode distortion;
`multimode laser; multimode optical waveguide; single mode
`optical waveguide; transverse electric mode; transverse mag-
`netic mode; unhnttnd motlc.
`(StleO) 812—1984w
`(4) (radio-wave propagation) A characteristic solution to the
`wave equation for specified boundary conditions. Other uses
`of the term mode are common. See also: mode of propaga-
`tion, ionospheric.
`(AP) 211-1990
`(5) (mathematics of computing) A variable that a user may
`set. sense. save, and restore to control the execution of sub-
`sequent arithmetic operations.
`(C) 1084-1986w
`(6) An operating condition of a function, subfunction, or
`physical element of the system.
`(C/SE) 1220-1994
`(7) A collection of attributes that specifies a file’s type and
`its access permissions. See also: file access permissions.
`(C/PA) 1003.5-1992, 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993
`(8) A collection of attributes that specifies the type of a file
`and its access permissions. See also: file access permissions.
`(C/PA) 1003.5b-1995
`mode conversion (waveguide) The transformation of an elec-
`tromagnetic wave from one mode of propagation to one or
`more other modes.
`(MTT) 146-1980w
`
`station or any mobile station of an idle channel when com-
`munication is desired. See also: mobile communication
`system.
`(VT)
`[37]
`mobile transmitter A radio transmitter designed for installation
`in a vessel. vehicle, or aircraft, and normally operated while
`in motion. See also: radio transmitter.
`(AP)
`145—19835
`mobile unit substation A unit substation mounted and readily
`movable as a unit on a transportable device.
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-l992
`
`.
`mobility See: drift mobility.
`mobility, Hall See: Hall mobility.
`mobility spectrum The distribution of ions as a function
`ol" mobility. Historically. ions have been classified by me-
`bility as small
`(IO—5 mst to 2 X m“ {NEWS}. medium
`(IO—7 mszs to 10's mZI’Vs). and large (IO—9 IIIZNS to
`ltl"711'IEI’Vs).
`(PEfTiitD) 539-1990
`MOBSSL-UAF See: Merritt and Miller’s Own Block Struc-
`tured Simulation Language.
`mock-up A full—sized structural, but not Itecessarily functional,
`model buiIl accurately to scale. used chiefly for study, testing,
`or display; for example, a full-sized model of an airplane
`displayed in a museum. See also: physical model.
`(C) 610.3-1989
`
`mod See: modulo.
`modal A state in which the user has to complete the request of
`the mode before continuing.
`(C) 1295-1993
`modal analysis (power-system communication) A method of
`computing the propagation of a wave on a multieonductor
`power line.
`(PE) 59EI-l985w
`mortal channel (x-ray energy spectrometers) That channel in
`the distribution containing the largest number of counts.
`(NPS) 759-1984r
`modal direction (transmission performance of telephone
`sets) The assumed direction of speech transmission on a mo-
`dal head. Also, the axis of an artificial mouth,
`(COM) 269-19835
`modal distance (telephony) The distance between the center of
`the grid of a telephone-handset transmitter cap and the Center
`of the lips of a human talker (or the reference point of an
`artificial mouth). when the handset is in the modal position.
`(COM) 269-197lw
`modal head (transmission performance of telephone sets)
`Head dimensions that are modal for a human population. The
`modal head is the same as that adopted by the Comité Con-
`sultatif International Télégraphique et Telephonique (CCITT)
`for
`
`E3
`
`O2
`
`
`
`'
`
`REFERENCE
`POINT
`
`CENTER LINE
`or EAR CAP
`
`-
`
`‘L
`
`
`
`2'
`5
`Z ;
`9 IE
`I" <
`
`E eu to
`g {ED 8
`3‘
`3’‘—
`
`I
`
`up RING or
`/_ARTIFICIAL MOUTH
`:0
`
`
`
`MODAL POINT OF
`ARTIFICIAL MOUTH
`
`TYPICAL HANDSET
`IN COMMERCIAL USE -—--
`
`t?'5-t. IN
`4—.-
`
`
`
`
`
`modal head
`
`10 0f13
`
`

`

`ercury-arc converter
`
`pool rectifier
`
`793
`
`portable filename character set
`
`M
`
`pool rectifier A gas—filled rectifier with a pool cathode, usually
`mercury.
`(ED)
`[45], [34]
`pool tube A gas tube with a pool cathode. See also: electronic
`controller.
`(ED)
`[45]
`POP See: point of presence.
`pop See: pull.
`populate See: load.
`population (1) (data management) The number of records in
`a file or database.
`(C) 6105-1990
`(2) (utility power systems) Transformers that have given
`common specific characteristics.
`(PE) C57.1 l7—1986r
`population, conceptual (results from a measurement pro-
`cess) The set of measurements that would result from infinite
`’ repetition of a measurement process in a state of statistical
`control.
`-
`-
`,
`‘
`,
`,(IM) 470-1972w
`population inversion (laser maser) A nonequilibrium condi-
`tion of a system of weakly interacting particles (electronics,
`. atoms, molecules, or ions) which exists when more than one-
`half of the particles occupy the higher of two energy, states.
`(LEO) 586el980w
`
`-
`
`popup menu A menu that appears outside of menu bar when
`requested, usually as the result of pressing BMenu or KMenu.
`(C) '1295-1993 _
`pores (electroplating) Micro discontinuities ina metal coating
`that extend through to the base metal or underlying coating.
`See also: electroplating.
`, (LEO); 586—1980w
`port (1) (electronic devices or networks) A place of access to
`a device or network where energy may be supplied or With-
`drawn or where the device or network variable'surnay' be ob—
`served or measured. Notes; 1. In any particular case,”the ports
`are determined by the way the device is used and not‘ by its
`[structure alone. 2. The terminal pair is a special case of a pert.
`3. In the case of a waveguide or transmission line, a port is
`'3 Characterized by a specified mode of propagation a’nda spec-
`‘ ifiedtreference plane. 4. At each place of access, a separate
`port is assigned to each significant independent mode of prop-
`agation. 5. In frequency changing systems, a separate port is
`also assigned to each significantindependentfrequency“re-
`espouse. See also.“ network analysisf ~ optbe1ectronie device;
`' waveguide.
`(ED/1M) -’ [40], [45],'[46]
`(2) (rotating machinery) An opening for the intake or dis-
`"charge of ventilating air.
`'
`'
`'
`’ (PE)? [9]
`(3) (rotating machinery) (for a Waveguide compOnen't) A
`means of access characterized by a specified reference plane
`‘ and a specified propagating mode inc; waveguide which per-
`mits power to be ‘coupled into ’or' out of a waveguide Co'm—
`ponent. Notes: 1. At low frequencies the port is synonymous
`, With a terminal pair. 2. To each propagating mode at a spec-
`ified reference plane there correspondsi‘a distinct-port.
`'
`"
`V
`_
`(MTT)
`146—1980w
`(4) A segment or IRL interface of a' repeater unit. ‘
`‘
`-'
`‘
`(C/LM) 802.3u-1995
`(5) (broadband local area networks)‘An electrical interface
`that has defined operating boundaries; The specific references
`within IEEE Std 802.7-1989 assume ports to be 75 .Q trans-
`mission line interfaces that have an associated connector to
`. which the signals pass.
`’(C/LM) 8027-1989
`(6) Asource or destination of data transferred by a Data
`Transfer class command into and/or out of an S-module. A
`port may be an on—module memory, on-module interface, a
`peripheral attached to a module, or some other mechanism
`to/from which data is passed.Within IEEE Std 11495-1995,
`a port is defined by a module address, a port ID meaningful
`. :to the'MTM-Bus interface logic of that module, and the se-
`' mantics and structure=of packets-by which data can be con-
`veyed to and/or from that port. This latter often entails some
`description of the application to/from which data are passed.
`, A port is selected/accessed/addressed via a Data Transfer
`class command.
`(C/TT) 1149.5-1995
`(7) The physical interconnection point or an access point for
`a communication link.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`
`.
`
`.
`
`,
`
`(8) An input or output connection between a peripheral device
`and a computer. See also: input-output port; mouse port; par-
`allel port; serial port.
`(C) 610104994
`(9) A physicalrlayer entity in a node that connects to either a
`cable or backplane, and provides one end of a physical con-
`nection with another node.
`,(C/MM) 1394-1995
`(10) A signal interface provided by token ring, stations, pas-
`sive concentrator lobes, active concentrator lobes, or concen-
`trator trunks that is generally terminated at a media interface
`connector (MIC). Portsmayor may not provide physical con—
`tainment of channels. See also: Bridge Port.
`'
`~
`.
`,
`-
`(C(LM)
`802.1G—1996, 8802-5-1995
`(11) See also: link interface. _.
`(BA/C)
`1355—1995
`(12) See also: Bridge Port.
`(C/LM) 802.1G—l996
`portability (1) (software),The,ease with whichyaisystem or
`component can beitransferred from one hardware or software
`, environment to another. Synonym: transportability. See also:
`machine independent._
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(2) (application software) The ease with which application
`‘ software and data can be transferred from one application
`. platform to another.
`,.
`'
`,
`(C/PA) 14252-1996
`(3)1 The capability of beingimoved between differing envi-
`ronments without losing the ability to'be applied or processed.
`,
`,
`fl _
`‘
`‘
`‘ (ATL) 1232-1995
`_
`portable (x-ray) X—ray equipment designed; t9 be hand-carried.
`,
`,
`_
`,,
`:
`g,
`i“
`‘
`‘
`(NBC/NESC)
`['86]
`portable appliance Anappliancewhich is actually moved or
`,,can easily (be/”moved from oneplace to another in normal use.
`, For the purpose of thisyarticle, the followingrnajor appliances
`. other than built—in are considered portable if cord—connected;
`_, refrigerators, gas:range equi