throbber
Fujifilm’s 7th Annual
`Global IT Executive
`Summit
`October 7 – 10, 2015
`
`A peek into the future
`(The future of Tape)
`
`Dr. Mark Lantz
`Principle Research Staff Member, Manager Advanced Tape Technologies
`IBM Research - Zurich
`Excerpts from IBM EDGE May 11-15, 2015
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 1
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Outline
`
`• Introduction: The role of tape in the era of big data
`
`• The Future of Tape
`• Tape areal density trends and future scaling potential
`• New world record tape low cost particulate tape areal density demo of 123 Gb/in2 (IBM – FujiFilm
`collaboration)
`• Technologies enabling the 123 Gb/in2 demo
`• Tape technology roadmap
`
`• What About the Other Storage Technologies?
`
`• Investing in the Future
`
`• Conclusions
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`1
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`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 2
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`

`

`The data deluge
`
`~48% CAGR
`
`HDD Areal Density Scaling
`
`2
`
`Source: D. Anderson, 2013 IEEE Conf. on Massive Data Storage
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`80% of all files created are inactive
`– no access in at least 3 months!
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 3
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`

`

`Tape advantages for long-term storage
`• Very energy efficient: no power needed once data is recorded
`• Very secure:
`• Data is inaccessible when cartridge is not mounted
`• Drive level encryption
`• Portable
`• Very long expected media lifetime (30+ years)
`• Very reliable: Typically no data loss in case of drive failure
`• Main net advantage of tape for archival storage is cost
`
`Energy and Storage Systems (1PByte of Data for 1 yr)
`
`Source: R. Dee, Sun Microsystems
`
`500,000
`
`400,000
`
`300,000
`
`200,000
`
`100,000
`
`lbs of CO2
`
`0
`
`S ATA R AID
`
`X4500
`
`M AID
`
`VS M
`
`Auto m ated TA PE
`
`M anual TA PE
`
`Offline TA PE
`
`3
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 4
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`

`

`Tape TCO for Long-Term Archiving – Clipper Group
`
`Recent studies from the Clipper Group:
`
`1) Continuing the Search for the Right Mix of Long-Term Storage Infrastructure
`– A TCO Analysis of Disk and Tape Solutions (15 July 2015)
`Report # TCG2015006
`2) The Impact of LTO-7 on The TCO of Long-Term Storage (15 Sept. 2015)
`Report #TCG2015008
`
`Investigate 9 year TCO of a 1PB archive that grows to 52 PB (55% CAGR)
`
`Major Finding: 6.7x TCO advantage of LTO Tape of Disk
`
`4
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 5
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`

`

`HDD Areal Density Scaling:
`
`Areal density/capacity scaling achieved
`by shrinking the same basic technology
`to write smaller and smaller bits on disk
`
`Ref: http://www.storageacceleration.com/author.asp?section_id=3670&doc_id=274482
`
`5
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`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 6
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`

`

`Noise and Magnetic Media Structure
`
`~10 nm
`~10 nm
`
`Information is encoded in transition edge. Large grains  media noise
`To shrink the size of a bit, we need to shrink the size of the grains
`If grains become too small, magnetic state is unstable  superparamagnetic effect
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`6
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 7
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`

`

`The Superparamagnetic “Limit”
`
`Magnetic Media “Trilemma”:
`
`Small particles (V)
`V
`SNR 
`
`HDD has reached the limit of
`(known) materials to produce
`larger write fields.
`
`Thermal Stability
`E
`VK
`
`
`u
`
`B
`
`Writability
`H 0
`uK
`Field
`Head
`H 0
`
`Technologies to go beyond the superparamagnetic limit:
`• Two dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR)
`• Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR)
`• Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR)
`• Bit Patterned Media (BPM)
`
`7
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 8
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`

`

`Magnetic tape (r)evolution
`
`Product / Year:
`Capacity:
`Areal Density:
`Linear Density:
`Track Density:
`
`IBM 726 /1952
`2.3 MBytes
`1400 bit/in2
`100 bit/in
`14 tracks/in
`
`LTO7 / 2015
`6 TBytes
`4.28 Gbit/in2
`485 kbit/in
`8.83 ktracks/in
`
`TS1150 /2014
`10 TBytes
`6.7 Gbit/in2
`510 kbit/in
`13.2 ktracks/in
`
`Demo 2015
`220 TBytes
`123 Gbit/in2
`680 kbit/in
`181 ktracks/in
`
`8
`
`19.8 cm
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 9
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`

`

`HDD vs. Tape Areal Density Scaling:
`IBM-FujiFilm demonstration of 123 Gb/in2 on BaFe tape
`Goal: Demonstrate the feasibility of tape roadmap for the next 10+ years
`
`123 Gbit/in2 demo
`
`~2025
`
`(Source: INSIC 2012-2022 International Magnetic Tape Storage Roadmap)
`
`9
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`

`

`2015 Storage Bit Cells and Extendibility
`
`Scaled bit cells:
`
`Magnified 25x:
`
`NAND Flash (3 bits)
`17.3 nm x 17.3 nm
`2150 Gb/in2
`
`HDD
`47 nm x 13 nm
`1000 Gb/in2
`
`Optical blu ray (3 layer)
`~114 nm x 79 nm
`75 Gb/in2
`
`LTO6 Tape
`4750 nm x 65 nm
`~2 Gb/in2
`
`Jag5 Tape
`2210 nm x 49 nm
`~6.7 Gb/in2
`
`Demo
`140 nm x 37 nm
`123 Gb/in2
`Tremendous potential for future scaling of tape track density
`Key technologies: improved track follow servo control
`improved media, reader, data channel
`
`10
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 11
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`

`

`Demo Technologies
`
`Focus on aggressive track density scaling
`
`• Require:
`• dramatic improvement in track following  enables track width reduction
`• reduce reader width from a few microns to 90 nm
`
`• Ultra narrow reader results in a dramatic loss in read
`back signal that must be compensated for with
`• improved media technology  require improved writer technology
`• improved signal processing and coding
`• improved reader technology
`
`11
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 12
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`

`

`Servo pattern design for high areal density demo
`
`Main design goal: nm-scale positioning fidelity
`• Increased azimuth angle  increased resolution
`• Increased pattern density  increased servo bandwidth and resolution
`t
`s
`
`H
`
`α
`
`Standard LTO Pattern
`H = 186 µm, t = 2.1 µm, s = 5 µm
`α = 6, d = 100 µm
`
`d
`
`Demo Pattern
`H = 23.25 µm, t = 1.0 µm, s = 2.4 µm
`α = 24, d = 52 µm
`
`4x angle
`2x rate
`
`Compatible with Future 16 Data Band Tape Format
`
`12
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`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 13
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`

`

`Synchronous servo channel
`
`• Servo channel decodes the readback signal from the servo pattern and
`provides position information to the track follow control system
`• Servo channel optimized for p-BaFe  improved resolution
`• Optimized servo channel in combination with advanced BaFe media formatted
`with the 24°demo servo pattern provides nanoscale position information
`
`Servo readback signal
`
`Servo channel
`
`Servo
`signal
`
`ADC
`
`Fixed clock
`frequency
`
`Interpolation/
`correlation
`
`Timing-
`base
`reference
`
`Optimum
`symbol
`detection
`
`LPOS
`symbols
`
`Reliability
`estimate
`
`Acquisition,
`monitoring,
`and control
`
`Lateral-position
`estimate
`
`Tape velocity
`estimate
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`13
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 14
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`

`

`New H∞ track-follow control system
`
`• Key features
`• Prototype high bandwidth head actuator
`• A speed dependent model of the system
`delay is used for control design
`• The tape speed is used as a parameter to
`select the controller coefficients
`• Disturbance rejection is enhanced at the
`frequencies of the tape path disturbances
`
`High Bandwidth Actuator
`
`Track-follow control system
`
`Actuator Response
`
`tapev
`
`yu
`
`PES
`
`K
`Track-follow controller
`
`
`
`
`14
`
`tapev
`
`Track-follow
`actuator
`
`G
`
`LTMd
`
`
`
`
`tapev
`
`D
`Delay
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 15
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`

`

`Prototype tape transport & hardware platform
`
`• Precision flangeless tape path with grooved
`rollers & pressured air bearings to minimize
`disturbances
`• TS1140 electronics card for reel-to-reel
`control and analog front end
`• FPGA Board: System-on-Chip (SoC)
`-> Servo channels
`-> Microprocessor for synchronous track-
`follow (TF) servo controller
`
`FPGA Board
`
`Current
`Driver
`
`Servo Readback
`(LVDS)
`
`FPGA Board
`
`D/A
`
`Serial
`
`TF Servo
`Controller
`
`Microprocessor
`
`FPU
`
`FPGA SoC
`
`Servo
`Servo
`Servo
`Channels
`Servo
`Channels
`Channels
`Channels
`
`USB/
`ETH
`
`Host
`PC
`
`15
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 16
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`

`

`Track-follow performance on BaFe tape
`
`• Track width computation based on measured position error signal: PES (INSIC method)
`• σPES = standard deviation of position error signal: measure of track following fidelity
`• Track width = 2*√2 * 3*σPES + Reader Width
`(Reader Width = 90nm)
`
`
`
`σ-PES ≤ 5.9 nm over
`TS1140 speed range
`
`1.5
`
`3.0
`2.5
`2.0
`tape speed (m/s)
`
`3.5
`
`4.0
`
`Reader Width = 90nm
`σ-PES ≤ 5.9 nm
`
`Track width = 140 nm
`Track density = 181 ktpi
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`10
`
`456789
`
`1.0
`
`-PES (nm)
`
`16
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 17
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`

`

`Advanced BaFe Media Technology
`
`Key technologies for advanced tape media
`
`1. Fine magnetic particles with high coercivity  archival lifetime
`2. Smooth surface
`3. Perpendicular orientation of magnetic particles
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`17
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 18
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`

`

`Metal particle vs. Barium-ferrite particle
`
`Shape
`
`Origin of magnetic
`energy
`Material
`
`Passivation layer
`
`Metal particle (MP)
`
`Barium ferrite (BaFe)
`
`magnetization
`axis
`
`Passivation layer
`Acicular
`Shape anisotropy
`
`FeCo alloy
`
`Needed
`
`Hexagonal platelet shaped
`Magneto-crystalline
`anisotropy
`BaO(Fe2O3)6
`Oxide
`Not needed
`
`• The magnetic properties of BaFe particles are NOT affected by its shape.
`• BaFe particles do NOT need an oxide passivation layer because it is an oxide.
`• The size of BaFe particles can be reduced while maintaining high coercivity.
`
`18
`
`18
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 19
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`

`

`TEM image of fine Barium-ferrite particles
`
`Latest MP
`Volume :2850 nm3
`coercivity:189kA/m(2380Oe)
`
`Demo Tape BaFe
`Volume : 1600 nm3
`coercivity: 223kA/m(2800Oe)
`
`50nm
`
`The volume of barium ferrite particle used in the demo tape is 45%
`smaller than the latest MP, reducing media noise and improving SNR
`
`19
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 20
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`

`

`SEM Image of tape surface
`
`Latest MP tape
`
`123Gb/in2 demo tape
`
`Barium ferrite particles are well isolated and packed with high density.
`
`20
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 21
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`

`

`Particle volume vs. coercivity
`
`123 Gb/in2 demo
`
`BaFe
`
`MP
`
`2500
`2000
`1500
`1000
`Particle Volume (nm3)
`
`3000
`
`250
`
`200
`
`150
`
`Coercivity (kA/m)
`
`100
`500
`
`• The coercivity metal particles smaller than 3000nm3 decreases with size
`• The coercivity of barium ferrite particles can be tuned independently of size
`enabling small particle media with long archival lifetime
`• BaFe particles as small as 1000nm3 have been developed indicating the further
`scaling potential of BaFe tape
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`21
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 22
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`

`

`Surface profile
`
`Latest MP tape
`
`TS1150 JD tape
`
`123Gb/in2 Demo tape
`
`Optical
`interferometry
`roughness
`
`AFM
`
`240 m
`
`180 m
`Ra 2.0nm
`
`Ra 1.6nm
`
`Ra 0.9nm
`
`40 m
`
`40 m
`
`Ra 2.4nm
`Rz 40nm
`
`Ra 2.0nm
`Rz 34nm
`
`Ra 1.8nm
`Rz 27nm
`
`Reduced surface roughness of demo tape increases the media SNR
`
`22
`
`22
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 23
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`

`

`Perpendicular orientation
`
`Longitudinal orientation (MP tape)
`
`Random orientation (TS1140 JC and TS1150 JD tape)
`
`Highly perpendicular orientation (123Gb/in2 demo tape)
`
`The perpendicular orientation of BaFe particle provides a strong increase in SNR
`
`23
`
`23
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 24
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
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`

`

`Read/write performance
`
`123Gb/in2
`demo tape
`
`Latest MP tape
`
`TS1150 JD tape
`
`250
`200
`Linear density (kfci)
`
`300
`
`25
`
`20
`
`15
`
`10
`
`SNR (dB)
`
`150
`
`05
`
`The combination of small particle volume, smooth surface and perpendicular
`BaFe particle orientation provide a major increase in SNR.
`
`24
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 25
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`

`

`Enhanced Write Field Head Technology
`
`Magnetic Media “Trilemma”:
`
`Small particles (V)
`V
`SNR 
`
`Std Writer
`HM Writer
`
`
`
`182
`
`263
`235
`Coercivity (kA/m)
`
`294
`
`Increasing media coercivity
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`19
`18
`17
`
`16
`15
`14
`
`13
`
`
`
`SNRa (dB)
`
`Thermal Stability
`E
`VK
`
`
`u
`
`B
`
`Writability
`uK
`H 0
`Head
`Field
`H 0
`
`IBM developed a new high moment
`(HM) layered pole write head that
`produces much larger magnetic fields
`enabling the use of smaller magnetic
`particles
`
`25
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 26
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`
`

`

`Read
`channel
`
`C1 ECC
`Decoder
`
`C2 ECC
`Decoder
`
`Iterative decoding
`
`C1 Parity
`
`Data
`
`C2 Parity
`
`N1=240
`t1=5
`N2=192
`t2=12
`dr=0
`er=0
`
`
`
`undec
`C1-o1
`C2-o1
`C1-o2
`C2-o2
`C2-o3
`capacity
`
`10-2
`channel byte error rate
`
`10-3
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`100
`
`10-5
`
`10-10
`
`10-15
`
`byte error rate
`
`10-20
`
`
`10-1
`
`• A user byte-error rate of 10-20 can
`be achievable using two C1-C2
`iterations with a byte error rate of 
`4·10-2 at the output of the detector
`
`• With EPR4 detection 4·10-2 byte error
`rate  10-2 bit error rate
`
`• Require SNRa  10.5 dB at the input
`of the detector to achieve a raw bit
`error rate < 10-2 at the output of the
`detector
`
`26
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 27
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`

`

`Recording performance of BaFe with High
`moment writer & 90 nm GMR Reader
`
`SEM image of GMR reader
`
`Reader Width = 90nm
`
`SNR limit
`
`Byte error
`rate limit
`
`Advanced BaFe supports a linear density of
`680kbpi with a 90nm reader and provides
`an operating margin of ~ 0.5dB SNR
`
`27
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 28
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`

`

`Summary of demo results
`
` Advanced Perpendicular BaFe medium
` Linear density = 680 kbpi w/ 90 nm reader (single-channel recording)
` 1-sigma PES = 5.9 nm,
` Track density = 181 ktpi (track width = 140 nm)
`Areal recording density : 123 Gb/in2
`
`61x LTO6 areal density
`
` 220 TB cartridge capacity (*)
`
`This demonstration shows that tape technology has the potential
`for significant capacity increase for years to come!
`
`(*) 220 TB cartridge capacity, assuming LTO6 format overheads and taking into account
`the 48% increase in tape length enabled by the thinner Aramid tape substrate used
`
`28
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 29
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`

`

`INSIC 2012-2022 Tape Roadmap
`
`INSIC Roadmap available at: http://www.insic.org/news/2012Roadmap/news_12index.html
`
`29
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`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 30
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`

`

`Fujifilm’s 7th Annual
`Global IT Executive
`Summit
`October 7 – 10, 2015
`
`What About the Other
`Storage Technologies?
`
`Ed Childers
`STSM, Manager Tape and LTFS
`IBM Storage Development, Tucson, AZ
`
`Excerpts from IBM EDGE May 11-15, 2015
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 31
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Storage Technologies - Refresher
`
`How do you store a bit?
`
`Magnetize something
`
`Tape & HDD
`
`Change optical reflection
`
`BluRay, DVD
`
`Capture charge
`
`Flash
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`31
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 32
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`

`

`Storage Technologies
`
`What’s limiting ability to increase areal density?
` No limitations in multi-decade time frame
` Size of elements >100x than HDD
` No lithographic challenges
` Magnetic domain stability not an issue
` No fundamentals of physics issues
`
`Tape
`
`HDD
`
`Flash
`
`Optical
`
` Size of magnetic domains
`• Stability of magnetic domains @ room temp
`• Long awaited superparametric limit is here
` Lithographic capability to make heads smaller
`• Approaching limits / reaching chip requirements
`
` Captured charge / # of electrons in level
` Longer term – aspect ratio’s of structures
` Longer term – 3D eventually
`
` Reducing wavelength of light in semiconductor laser,
`there is no viable path
` ie. nothing after Blu – no roadmap
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 33
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`
`

`

`HDD Areal Density Scaling:
`
`HDD utilizes equipment
`developed for chip industry
`Feature size approaching that
`
`of siliconof silicon
`
`HAMR or patterned
`media required to
`advance. Both difficult
`technology transitions
` HDD scaling will
`continue to be slow
`until at least mid 2018
`
`From Mark Lantz – Future of Tape presentation
`Ref: http://www.storageacceleration.com/author.asp?section_id=3670&doc_id=274482
`
`Areal density/capacity scaling achieved
`by shrinking the same basic technology
`to write smaller and smaller bits on disk
`
`33
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 34
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`
`

`

`Optical Roadmap – A Squeeze Play
`BluRay
`CD-ROM DVD-ROM DVD+R
`2006
`1982
`1995
`2004
`ECMA-130 ECMA-267 ECMA-364 BD-ROM BD-R
`
`BluRay
`2014
`
`BluRay
`2015
`
`BD-R
`
`BluRay
`
`BluRay
`
`BD-R
`
`BD-R
`
`GB
`Layers
`Capacity / Layer
`
`Areal Density (User) Gb/in^2
`Areal Density (Raw) Gb/in^2
`
`Capacity (per layer) factor
`
`Optical
`Track Squeeze
`Bit Squeeze
`Channel Eff
`Format Eff
`Disk Area Eff
`Total
`
`factor
`factor
`factor
`factor
`factor
`factor
`factor
`
`0.682
`1
`0.682
`
`0.41
`1.44
`
`Red
`
`4.70
`1
`4.70
`
`2.77
`6.54
`
`6.89
`
`2.35
`1.41
`1.37
`1.09
`1.37
`1.02
`6.89
`
`8.55
`2
`4.27
`
`2.52
`5.95
`
`Blue
`
`0.91
`
`1.00
`1.00
`0.91
`1.00
`1.00
`1.00
`0.91
`
`25
`1
`25.00
`
`14.73
`26.72
`
`5.32
`
`5.17
`1.02
`0.78
`1.33
`0.98
`1.00
`5.36
`
`100
`3
`33.33
`
`19.64
`25.23
`
`1.33
`
`1.00
`1.00
`0.94
`1.41
`1.00
`1.00
`1.33
`
`300
`6
`50.00
`
`29.46
`37.85
`
`1.50
`
`1.00
`1.42
`1.05
`1.00
`1.00
`1.00
`1.50
`
`500
`6
`83.33
`
`49.11
`37.85
`
`1.67
`
`1.00
`1.00
`1.00
`1.67
`1.00
`1.00
`1.67
`
`1000
`6
`166.67
`
`98.21
`37.85
`
`2.00
`
`1.00
`1.00
`1.00
`2.00
`1.00
`1.00
`2.00
`
`Improved
`Channel?
`
`Multi-state
`Recording
`
`Spot squeeze (ie. areal density
`increase not due to smaller spot
`size or improved format efficiency
`
`Less channel overhead
`
`PRML channel & modulation,
`6% loss in LD due to layers
`
`Elimination of guard band
`on write, 19% of spot
`overwriting adjacent trk,
`cancellation technology
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`Smaller Wavelength Laser
`
`Can not be scaled continually
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 35
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Storage Technologies Areal Density Trends
`
`Areal Density
`
`< 10% CAGR
`
`15% CAGR
`
`BluRay
`
`BluRay
`3 layer
`100GB
`
`2015 Tape 
`Technology Demo
`
`Proposed New
`Roadmap
`
`DVD
`
`CD
`(1982)
`
`HDD
`
`33% CAGR
`
`Tape
`
`1000
`
`100
`
`10
`
`1
`
`0.1
`
`0.01
`
`Gb/in^2
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`35
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 36
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Engineers Solve Technology Problems but…
`
`Market forces drive business models
`
`High Vol mfg
`companies lead
`
`High growth, large
`investment, many players
`
`Cost, Cost, Cost,…
`
`Consolidation, transition to
`post-consumer driven
`design points
`
`Optical
`
` Volume
`
`Technology
`companies lead
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`New technology, Low vol, high
`margin, special use
`
`High vol, ,low margin, consumer
`driven commodity
`
`Mature technology, stable
`market & roadmap
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`36
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 37
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Fujifilm’s 7th Annual
`Global IT Executive
`Summit
`October 7 – 10, 2015
`
`Investing in the Future
`
`Ed Childers
`STSM, Manager Tape and LTFS
`IBM Storage Development, Tucson, AZ
`Excerpts from IBM EDGE May 11-15, 2015
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 38
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`How do we capitalize on the technology?
`
`• The Problem
`• (ie. where to aim)
`
`• What’s Required?
`• (in what do we need invest?)
`
`• What’s the return?
`• (it’s about $)
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`38
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 39
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Session objectives
`
`• The Problem
` Data use shift
` Data is an asset
`It needs to be accessible to have value
` Storage Market Transition / Disruption
` Traditional Scaling breaking down
`Consumer Volume Shifts
`
`• What’s Required?
`
`• The Bottom Line
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 40
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Data was traditionally
`a tool of the business
`
`Now,
`Data is the business
`
`Data =
`
`Data =
`
`
`
`UtilizeUtilize
`
`
`
`CreateCreate
`
`Data Life Cycle
`
`
`Age Age
`
`HoldHold
`
`
`Retire Retire
`
`DeleteDelete
`
`Aggregate
`
`Create Value
`
`Data (re)Use
`Cycle
`
`Ingest
`
`Sell/Use
`
`Reuse
`(Archive)
`
`40
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 41
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`The Marketing Glossy Problem Statement
`
`Demands on IT, Storage, and Shift to Cloud
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`41
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 42
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Underneath, more to the point
`
`Fundamentally – It’s a Storage Scaling Problem
`
`“Before”
`until late 2010’s
`
`“Now”
`
`HDD
`Technology
`CAGR
`
`Data
`CAGR
`
`The rate of data growth approx the same as:
` advances in HDD technology areal density
`(ie. double every 2 years = 40% CAGR)
`
`The rate of data growth is greater than:
` advances in HDD technology areal density
`(No increases in IT spend to offset imbalance)
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`42
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 43
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Session objectives
`
`• The Problem
`
`What’s Required?
`Investments in:
`Tape Technology
`Tape Product Delivery
`Software Stack
`LTFS
`
`• The Bottom Line
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`43
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 44
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`IBM Tape Investment Strategy
`
`• Tape Technology Pipeline - IBM Development & IBM Research
`• Large research investment Zurich and Almaden laboratories
`• Technology demonstrations – 220 TB in 2015
`Substantiates roadmap thru 2025
`• Drive technology value into Enterprise, leverage into LTO when
`industry is capable
`• TS1150 Enterprise Tape product line
`• Reliability, Performance and Function differentiation
`• Enterprise media cartridge with reuse
`• Enterprise Automation compatible
`• LTO Midrange product line
`• Open Tape Streaming product family
`• Full Automation Product support – 1U to HD Frames
`• TPC Consortium driven development/function
`• Software - LTFS
`• IBM invented, open source, open standard
`• Provides file system support, integration of tape into Spectrum Scale
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 45
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`IBM – Tape Product Innovations
`
`• Timing-Based Servo and Surface control guiding
`• TBS revolutionized tape track following with 10X precision of analog patterns
`• Surface control guiding reduces frequency of tape guiding transients for robust track
`following
`• Compact tape path with flat head geometry contour and flangeless rollers
`•
`Flat head design reduces friction – head/media wear improved
`•
`Flangeless tape path eliminated edge contact with the tape – improved media life
`•
`This enables short tape path – reduced complexity, friction, and improved access
`• GMR head technology with protective overcoat
`•
`3X signal amplitude enabling track density and longer head life
`•
`TMR on way in future
`• Multi-level ECC with NPML(LTO) and DD-NPML(TS1140) channels
`• Multi-level Reed-Solomon Error Correction codes with End-to-End CRC
`• Tape format interleaves data both vertically and longitudinally on the media
`• Advanced self-optimizing channel technology for maximum readback reliability
`• Full on-the-fly decryption/decompression
`• Barium Ferrite Tape Media Collaboration
`• Collaboration with Fujifilm on media technology advancements
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 46
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Breaking Down Storage Islands
`
`Spectrum Storage – Unlocking Data, Enabling Lower Costs
`
`Spectrum
`
`Multi-site access
`
`SCM
`Silicon
`
`byte
`
`OS
`
`File
`
`Applicatio
`n Stack
`
`Flash File,Obj,Blk
`
`LTFS
`
`Policy Based
`Data Placement
`
`usec vs msec
`~ 5-10x higher $
`
`HDD
`
`sec vs msec
`~ 5-10x lower $
`
`Cloud
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`46
`
`Traditional
`
`Proprietary API
`or Admin
`
`Cloud
`
`Application
`Stack
`
`file
`
`Silicon
`
`byte
`
`OS
`
`block
`
`Tape
`App
`
`Proprietary
`
`File, Blk access
`
`HDD
`
`Digital
`Tape
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 47
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Spectrum Storage
`
`Storage
`Management
`
`Policy
`Automation
`
`Analytics &
`Optimization
`
`Snapshot &
`Replication
`Management
`
`Integration &
`API Services
`
`Self Service
`Storage
`
`Data Backup
`and Archive
`
`Virtual Storage
`Center
`
`Spectrum Control
`
`Spectrum Protect
`
`Traditional Applications
`
`New Generation Applications
`
`
`
`Virtualized SAN BlockVirtualized SAN Block
`
`
`
`Hyperscale BlockHyperscale Block
`
`
`
`Global File & ObjectGlobal File & Object
`
`
`
`Active Data RetentionActive Data Retention
`
`Spectrum Virtualize
`
`Spectrum Accelerate
`Spectrum Scale
`Flexibility to use IBM and non-IBM Servers & Storage or Cloud Services
`
`Spectrum Archive
`
`XIV
`
`FlashSystem 840
`
`FlashSystem
`V840
`Flash Systems
`
`DS8000
`
`Enterprise Storage
`
`Storwize
`V5000
`
`Storwize
`V3700
`
`Storwize
`V7000 &
`Unified
`Open Storage
`
`Tape Automation
`and Drives
`
`ProtecTIER
`Deduplication
`
`Virtualization
`Engine TS7700
`Tape / Virtual Tape
`
`and non-IBM clouds
`
`Cloud
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`47
`
`Data Control
`Storage and
`
`Access
`Data
`
`Storage
`Data
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 48
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Basic LTFS
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`48
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 49
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Spectrum Archive Tiered Operational Storage
`G:/
`Single file system view
`Subdir 1
`C:/user defined namespace
`One.txt
`Video1.mpg
`Database.db2
`Dept0A
`Memo.txt
`Movie1.mpg
`Manuf
`Inv02.txt
`Repair.mpg
`Sales.db2
`
`Move files older than X
`
`Move files named *.mpg
`Policy Based Tier Migration
`Never move files named *.db2
`
`File Namespace
`
`Move files opened for modification
`
`LTFS 
`Pool 1
`
`LTFS 
`Pool 2
`
`LTFS LTFS LTFS
`
`One.txt
`Memo.txt
`Inv02.txt
`Memo.txt
`
`Video1.mpg
`Movie1.mpg
`Repair.mpg
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`49
`
`G:/
`Subdir 1
`One.txt
`Video1.mpg
`Database.db2
`Dept0A
`Memo.txt
`Movie1.mpg
`Manuf
`Inv02.txt
`Repair.mpg
`Sales.db2
`
`File Storage Tiers
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 50
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Session objectives
`
`The Problem
`
`Why Spectrum Archive?
` Breaking Down Storage Islands
`
`The Bottom Line
`Lower costs for cold data while maintaining access
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`50
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 51
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Tape & HDD side by side
`Setting up the comparison
`
`Component
`$/TB (raw)
`
`Hardware
`$/TB (raw)
`
`System
`$/TB/mo (raw)
`
`Solution
`$/TB/mo (user)
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`51
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 52
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`20PB Static Archive
`
`Component
`Hardware
`(raw)
`
`$/TB
`
`$/TB
`
`System
`(raw)
`
`3 years $/TB/mo
`5 years $/TB/mo
`8 years $/TB/mo
`
`$0.14 /KWH
`$200 / sq ft/yr
`
`Solution
`(user)
`
`+LTFS $ @ 2x redundancy
`+0$ SWIFT @ 3x redundancy
`$2600/mo admin/maint
`
`3 years $/TB/mo
`5 years $/TB/mo
`8 years $/TB/mo
`
`2.5TB LTO 6 @ $35
`
`6TB HDD @ $235
`
`LTFS
`14.00
`
`21.26
`
`7 frame TS4500
`24 drive, 8K carts
`
`LTFS
`0.71
`0.48
`0.35
`284 TB/sq ft
`LTFS
`1.79
`1.23
`0.91
`
`HDD
`39.17
`
`63.95
`
`74 45 6TB
`Backblaze like pods
`HDD
`2.72
`2.00
`NA
`66TB/sq ft
`HDD
`8.29
`6.13
`NA
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`52
`
`Glacier
`10.00
`10.00
`10.00
`Storage Only – no R/W
`No connectivity $
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 53
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`20PB Static Archive – Looking Forward
`
`6.0TB LTO 7 @ $35
`
`12TB HDD @ $235
`
`Component
`Hardware
`(raw)
`
`$/TB
`
`$/TB
`
`System
`(raw)
`
`3 years $/TB/mo
`5 years $/TB/mo
`8 years $/TB/mo
`
`$0.14 /KWH
`$200 / sq ft/yr
`
`Solution
`(user)
`
`+LTFS $ @ 2x redundancy
`+0$ SWIFT @ 3x redundancy
`$2600/mo admin/maint
`
`3 years $/TB/mo
`5 years $/TB/mo
`8 years $/TB/mo
`
`LTFS
`5.83
`
`10.11
`
`4 frame TS4500
`24 drive, 8K carts
`
`LTFS
`0.34
`0.22
`0.16
`660 TB/sq ft
`LTFS
`0.92
`0.63
`0.47
`
`HDD
`19.58
`
`32.00
`
`37 45 12TB
`Backblaze like pods
`HDD
`1.38
`1.01
`NA
`221TB/sq ft
`HDD
`4.13
`3.03
`NA
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`53
`
`Glacier
`10.00
`10.00
`10.00
`Storage Only – no R/W
`No connectivity $
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 54
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

`

`Summary:
`
`• The era of big data is creating demand for cost effective storage solutions
`
`• Tape remains the most cost-efficient and greenest technology for archival storage
`and active archive applications
`
`• Tape has a sustainable roadmap for at least another decade
`• 123 Gbit/in2 areal density demo shows feasibility of multiple future tape generations
`• Potential exists for the continued of scaling of tape beyond 123 Gbit/in2
`
`• The cost advantage of tape over HDD and optical disk will continue to grow
`
`54
`
`© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015
`
`FUJIFILM, Exh. 2007, p. 55
`Sony v. FUJIFILM, IPR2017-00800
`
`

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