Eighth Edition
`Version 1.0
`
`3/1/91
`
`for preparation of proposed
`American National Standards
`
`.....-.....
`----···~~------------------~
`~IV~I American National Standards Institute
`11 West 42nd Street,
`New York, New York
`10036
`
` 1
`
` of 84
`
`FedEx Exhibit 1010
`
`

`

`Style Manual
`for preparation of proposed
`American National Standards
`
`Eighth Edition
`Version 1.0
`3/1/91
`
` 2
`
` of 84
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`CHAPTER 1 - Written specifications
`Foreword .............................................................................................................. v
`
`Page
`
`Scope ................................................................................................... 1
`
`Application .......................................................................................... 1
`
`Publication options ............................................................................ 1
`
`Other publication issues ................................................................... 3
`
`Technical contact's responsibility ................................................... 3
`Role of ANSI's Publications Department ....................................... 3
`
`Definitions ..... : ...................................................................................... 5
`
`Content and style for specific standard elements ........................ 6
`
`General content ................................................................................... 6
`
`General style ...................................................................................... 7
`
`Cover ................................................................... · ................................. 7
`
`Cover- Content ............................................................................. 7
`
`Cover - Style ................................................................................. 8
`
`Title page ............................................................................................ 8
`
`Title page - Content ..................................................................... 8
`Title page- Style .......................................................................... 9
`Abstract ............................................................................................. 1 0
`
`Abstract - Content ..................................................................... 1 0
`Abstract - Style .......................................................................... 10
`Copyright page ................................................................................. 1 0
`Copyright page -Content ......................................................... 1 0
`
`Copyright page - Style .............................................................. 11
`
`Front matter (general) ..................................................................... 11
`
`Front matter (general) -Content ............................................. 11
`
`Front matter (general) - Style .................................................. 11
`
`Table of contents ............................................................................. 11
`
`Table of contents - Content ..................................................... 11
`
`Table of contents - Style .......................................................... 11
`
`Foreword ..................................•........................................................ 12
`
`Foreword - Content ................................................................... 12
`
`Foreword - Style ...... ; ................................................................. 13
`
`Committee list .................................................................................. 13
`
`1
`
`2
`
`2.1
`
`2.2
`
`2.3
`
`2.4
`
`3
`
`4
`
`4.1
`
`4.2
`
`4.3
`
`4.3.1
`
`4.3.2
`
`4.4
`
`4.4.1
`
`4.4.2
`
`4.5
`
`4.5.1
`
`4.5.2
`
`4.6
`
`4.6.1
`
`4.6.2
`
`4. 7
`
`4. 7.1
`
`4. 7.2
`
`4.8
`
`4.8.1
`
`4.8.2
`
`4.9
`
`4.9.1
`
`4.9.2
`
`4.1 0
`
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`Page
`
`4.10.1
`
`4.10.2
`
`4.11
`
`4.11.1
`
`4.11.2
`
`4.12
`
`4.12.1
`
`4;12.2
`
`4.13
`
`4.13.1
`
`4.13.2
`
`4.14
`
`4 .. 14.1
`
`4.14.2
`
`4.15
`
`4.15.1
`
`4.15.2
`
`4.16
`
`4.16.1
`
`4.16.2
`
`5
`
`5.1
`
`5.2
`
`5.3
`
`5.4
`
`5.5
`
`6
`
`6.1
`
`6.2
`
`6.3
`
`6.4
`
`6.5
`
`6.6
`
`6.7
`
`6.8
`
`Committee list - Content ........................................................... 13
`
`Committee list - Style ................................................................ 13
`
`Canvass list ....................................................................................... 14
`
`Canvass list - Content ............................................................. ~ 14
`
`Canvass list - Style ...................................................... : ............ 14
`
`Main text ............. _ ............................................ ~ ...... ~ ............................. 14
`
`Main text - Content .-................................................ -................... 14
`
`Main te.xt - Style ...................... · .................................................... 17
`
`Tables ........................................................................... ~~ .................. :20
`
`Tables·-..:.. Content ............................... · .................. -:: ...... ; .. ; ............... 2-0
`
`Tables -.. Style ............................ · .................................... · ............. 21
`
`Figures ............................................................................ ;; .................. :.-24
`
`Figures- Contenr ....... -................ ·: ....... -........................................ 24
`
`Figures- Style .................... · ..................................... · ................... 24
`
`Normative and informative annexes ............................................. 25
`
`Normative and informative annexes- Content ... ~ .................. 25
`
`Normative and informative annexes- Style ............. ~ ............ 26
`
`Index .................................................................................................. 26
`
`Index- Content .......................................................................... 26
`
`Index- Style ............................................................................... 26
`
`Special elements .................................................................... _ ......... 26
`
`Mathematical expressions {equations) ....................................... :.26
`
`Lists ................................................................................................... 27
`
`Notes ................................................................................................. 29
`
`Footnotes ....................................................... ~ .................................. 29
`
`Subscripts and superscripts ........................................................... 30
`
`General content and style .............................................................. 30
`
`Spelling ............................................................................................. 30
`
`Hyphenation ...................................................................................... 30
`
`Capitalization .................................................................................... 31
`
`Numbers ............................................................................................ 32
`
`Abbreviations .................................................................................... 32
`
`Letter symbols for units .................................................................. 32
`
`Letter symbols for physical quantities .......................................... 33
`
`Special word usage ......................................................................... 33
`
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`Page
`Metric and customary units ............................................................ 33
`Special ANSI policies ...................................................................... 34
`
`Patented i·tems ................................................................................. 34
`
`Commercial equipment ................................................................... 34
`Effective dates ................................................................................. 34
`Copyrighted material of other organizations ............................... 34
`Synchronization and adoption of existing ISO/IEC
`Standards as an American National Standard ..................... ~ ...... 34
`
`Preparation of camera-ready pages ··························~··················34
`Summary ............................................................................................ 3.4
`
`Placement of tables and figures relative to text ......................... 35
`Final layout of text elements .......................................................... 35
`Pagination ......................................................................................... 37
`Preparation of standards in single-page format ......................... 39
`Reference and source material ..................................................... 39
`Recommended general references ............................................... 39
`
`Recommended International Standards ....................................... 40
`
`Recommended American National Standards ............................ 41
`
`6.9
`
`7
`
`7.1
`
`7.2
`
`7.3
`
`7.4
`7.5
`
`8
`8.1
`
`8.2
`
`8.3
`
`8.4
`
`9
`
`10
`10.1
`
`10.2
`
`10.3
`
`CHAPTER 2- Sample standard elements
`It has a page numbering
`Chapter 2 contains sample standard elements.
`sequence that is independent from Chapter 1. These page numbers are
`used as cross-references in Chapter 1.
`
`iv
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`Foreword
`The purpose of this style manual is to provide the necessary information
`needed to prepare American National Standards that are to be published by
`ANSI.
`It provides detailed specifications regarding content, format, and
`style as well as detailed descriptions of ANSI policies relating to publication.
`The manual's requirements, which are applied by ANSI's Publications
`Department in preparing standards for printing, are intended to ensure that
`a standard is clearly written and that it is consistent in style and presentation
`within itself and with other ANSI-published standards.
`Who will benefit
`
`Anyone who is involved in any aspect of the preparation of American
`National Standards for publication will benefit from the information provided
`in this manual, including those committees who have chosen to prepare
`their own ANSI-approved standards for publication. The Institute also
`recommends that sponsors who publish ANSI-approved standards follow
`the manual wherever possible to help create a consistent set of American
`National Standards. Consistency will enhance their usefulness in national
`and international applications.
`Modifications and additions to 7th edition
`
`This eighth edition of the style manual contains a number of modifications
`and additions and is significantly expanded in its scope; the majority of the
`In the interest of creating a
`changes have to do with style and format.
`consistent and more accessible standard format internationally, ANSI has
`recently adapted many of the style specifications of the International
`Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Organization for
`Standardization (ISO). While many of the elements of former ANSI speci(cid:173)
`fications are retained, this adaptation of ISO style specifications will give
`American National Standards and ISO standards both a more consistent
`structure and a similar "look."
`IMPORTANT: This adaptation of certain elements of ISO style does not in
`any way indicate that ANSI-approved standards are automatically approved
`as ISO standards. While the similarities in structure and style may help
`place subsequent American National Standards in a better position for ISO
`approval, the relationship between the two is only one of structure and style.
`
`Organization
`This style manual is divided into two chapters. The first chapter contains
`written specifications regarding content, style, publication procedures, and
`ANSI policies. The second chapter contains sample standard elements that.
`illustrate the written specifications. Chapters 1 and 2 are cross-referenced.
`
`IMPORTANT: Chapter 2 is provided only for the purpose of illustrating
`specifications found in this style manual. While the written content of some
`"boiler-plate" material is relevant and is indicated as being so, the majority
`of the written content of Chapter 2 is provided for illustrative purposes and
`should be ignored.
`
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`Chapter 1
`Written specifications
`
`1 Scope
`
`This style manual establishes requirements
`for the preparation of American National Stan(cid:173)
`dards that are to be published by the American
`National Standards Institute.
`
`2 Application
`2.1 Publication options
`Once the decision has been made to publish a
`given standard through ANSI, a number of
`different publication options are available to
`the standards-developing organizations
`(SDOs). These options are described in 2.1.1
`to 2.1.3.
`By preparing drafts and subsequent documents
`according to specifications contained in this
`manual, SDOs will help speed up ANSI's pub(cid:173)
`lishing process, thus condensing the time re(cid:173)
`quired between Procedures and Standards
`Administration (PSA) approval and public
`availability of the standard.
`2.1.1 Providing document in "manuscript"
`form
`This option requires the SDO only to provide
`document elements in manuscript form. While
`the SDO must adhere to all the content re(cid:173)
`quirements described in this style manual, ANSI
`shall be responsible for all document format(cid:173)
`ting up to and including preparation for final
`printing. Manuscripts may be delivered in one
`of the following formats:
`
`-
`
`-
`
`electronic;
`
`hard copy;
`
`combination of electronic and hard copy.
`
`These formats are detailed in 2.1.1.1 to 2.1.1.3.
`
`2.1.1.1 Electronic format
`
`The majority of document elements are today
`being generated using computer technology.
`These systems range from basic word pro(cid:173)
`cessing to advanced technical illustration and
`page-layout packages. Much of the publication
`process at ANSI is completed using an elec(cid:173)
`tronic publishing system, therefore· it is re(cid:173)
`quested that manuscript elements be provided
`in an electronic form. Needless to say, access
`to document elements in an electronic form
`greatly improves the efficiency, accuracy, and
`speed of the publication process.
`
`ANSI can accept a wide variety of file formats
`originating from a number of different com(cid:173)
`puter platforms. The technical contact who
`chooses to provide an electronic manuscript
`should consult with ANSI's Publications De(cid:173)
`partment as soon as possible in the standards
`writing process to determine the most suitable
`document preparation and file format. The
`earlier in the process this consultation takes
`place, the more efficient the publication pro(cid:173)
`cess will be.
`
`To further aid the editorial and production
`process, a hard-copy printout of the electronic
`manuscript shall be provided.
`
`IMPORTANT- When submitting an electronic
`manuscript, the technical contact must take
`special care to ensure that the electronic
`manuscript submitted is identical to the manu(cid:173)
`script submitted at the time of the BSR-9 filing.
`
`Those technical contacts who choose to sub(cid:173)
`mit any document material in an electronic
`format should read Guidelin·es for submitting
`proposed American National Standards in an
`electronic format. This document is available
`from ANSI's Publications Department.
`
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`Style Manual 8th Edition Chapter 1
`
`2.1.1.2 Hard copy format
`If the technical contact is unable to provide the
`manuscript in electronic form, he or she may
`instead provide a hard-copy manuscript. ANSI
`will in turn use the various methods at our
`disposal to convert these hard-copy elements
`into a publishable form. Hard-copy manu(cid:173)
`scripts should adhere to the following specifi-
`cations:
`
`2.1.1.2.1 Typing and quality
`Hard-copy manuscripts should be typed,
`double-spaced, in a single column, on 8-1/2-
`inch x 11-inch paper. A margin of at least 1
`inch should be left on all sides of each page.
`All copy must be clean and readable. Manu(cid:173)
`script pages should be numbered consecu(cid:173)
`tively, starting with the cover page.
`
`Style
`2.1.1.2.2
`Hard-copy manuscripts should be prepared in
`a style that adheres, as closely as possible, to
`the specifications contained in this manual. In
`addition to following all content specifications,
`technical contacts should also adhere to the
`following basic styles:
`
`Headings: All clause and subclause
`headings should be separated and placed
`above the text of the corresponding clause
`or subclause. If there is no heading, clause
`or subclause numbers are run into the text;
`
`Indentation: All text should be flush left.
`No indentation is necessary, except when
`delineating lists;
`
`Tables: Tables should be structured
`according to this manual and clearly type(cid:173)
`written;
`
`Figures: If camera-ready art cannot be
`supplied by the technical contact, the devel(cid:173)
`oper should provide legible sketches, as
`close to scale as practicable. ANSI will have
`these sketches converted into finished art.
`
`2.1.1.2.3 Corrections to typewritten
`manuscripts
`For those technical contacts providing type(cid:173)
`written manuscripts, all corrections or changes
`to the final manuscript should be typed or
`clearly written in ink. They should be made
`
`2
`
`between the lines and not in the margins. A
`long addition should be typed on a separate 8-
`1/2-inch x 11-inch sheet and its insertion point
`in the main text should be clearly indicated. If
`corrections are extensive, the page should be
`retyped.
`
`Clarity of mathematical expres-
`
`2.1.1.2.4
`sions
`Marginal notes shall be used to identify ob(cid:173)
`scure modifications of symbols such as prime
`marks and to distinguish between the letter 0
`and zero; the letter I and the number 1; the
`multiplication sign and the letter x. Super(cid:173)
`scripts and subscripts should also be clearly(cid:173)
`indicated.
`If Greek letters are handwritten,
`they should be identified the first time they
`appear.
`
`Combination of manuscript for-
`
`2.1.1.3
`mats
`Technical contacts may of course provide
`document elements in a combination of for(cid:173)
`mats. Any portion of the document that is
`available in electronic format will certainly aid
`the publication process. Hard-copy printouts
`of all electronic format elements must also be
`included.
`
`2.1.2 Providing selected camera-ready
`pages
`Technical contacts may choose to provide ANSI
`with selected document elements as camera(cid:173)
`read~. pa~es, in accordance with the style
`spec1f1cat1ons contained in this manual.
`It is
`then ANSI's responsibility to combine these ·
`ele_men_ts with those needing additional prepa(cid:173)
`ration m the creation of complete ·camera(cid:173)
`ready pages. Following are two sample sce-
`narios utilizing this option: ··
`·
`
`Scenario 1: The technical contact pro(cid:173)
`-
`vides properly formatted text, or galleys, for
`the main text of the document. ANSI com(cid:173)
`pletes camera-ready pages using provided
`galleys and creates and adds front matter
`elements;
`
`-. Scenario 2: The technical contact pro(cid:173)
`vides camera-ready copies of figures only.
`ANSI ~ompletes camera-ready pages by
`prepanng all text and tables and integrating
`provided figures.
`
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`2.1.3 Providing complete camera-ready
`pages
`In the majority of cases, ANSI's Publications
`·Department will, at minimum, complete the
`final preparation of camera-ready pages as
`described in clause 8. If the technical contact
`has the capability, however, he or she may
`choose to provide.·a complete set of camera(cid:173)
`ready pages in accordance with all specifica(cid:173)
`tions contained in this manual. As a rule, final
`preparation of pages (balancing of columns,
`pagination, etc.) should take place after all
`editing is completed by ANSI's editor.
`
`An electronic version of the document should
`accompany any complete camera-ready pages.
`This will allow ANSI to complete more effi(cid:173)
`ciently any necessary final formatting.
`2.2 Other publication issues
`2.2.1 Templates
`
`For those preparing partial or complete cam(cid:173)
`era-ready pages, ANSI provides copies of the
`template files used in preparing standards at
`ANSI. Technical contacts should contact the
`Publications; Department to determine if these
`template files would aid in their preparation of
`standards.
`2.2.2 Type; and art quality
`When providing partial or complete camera(cid:173)
`ready pages, document elements must be
`printed on paste-up quality paper at a mini(cid:173)
`mum output resolution of 300 dots per inch.
`Figures supplied for camera-ready use shall
`be prepared in accordance with the specifica(cid:173)
`tions for figure style detailed in 4.14.2.
`2.2.3 Use of "spell checkers" and other
`computer editorial utilities
`While spell checkers and other computer edi(cid:173)
`torial utilities are useful for identifying typo(cid:173)
`graphical and grammatical errors, technical
`contacts should proofread all documents
`manually, regardless of the publication option
`chosen.
`2.2.4 Copyright page and cover
`Regardless of the publication option chosen,
`ANSI is always responsible for preparing both
`the cover of the standard and the copyright
`page found in the front matter. Technical
`contacts providing complete camera-ready
`
`Style Manual 8th Edition Chapter 1
`
`pages (see clause 8) must allow for the copy(cid:173)
`right page when determining final pagination
`(see 8.4).
`
`2.2.5 Single-page standards
`ANSI will, in most cases, be responsible for the
`final camera-ready preparation of standards
`published in this format. See clause 9,
`Preparations of standards in single-page for-
`-
`m~.
`
`2.3 Technical contact's responsibility
`
`Committees and organizations that develop
`standards for ANSI approval and publication
`shall be responsible for providing the Institute
`with complete and technically accurate drafts
`that meet the requirements of this style manual
`for content, arrangement, legibility. and that
`conform to ANSI's special policies. Particu(cid:173)
`larly important is conformance with the re(cid:173)
`quirements for abbreviations, letter and unit
`symbols, the numbering system, and the style
`for special elements. Volunteers who develop
`standards, however, shall not be expected to
`be grammarians or professional editors.
`ANSI's editor shall review the text before pub(cid:173)
`lication and make necessary editorial changes
`as outlined in 2.4.3 and 2.4.4.
`
`Drafts in the development stage often undergo
`several revisions before the final version is
`approved. Therefore, a technical contact shall
`be appointed by the technical subcommittee
`developing the standard. When a document is
`large, several technical contacts may be ap(cid:173)
`pointed for the individual clauses; however, a
`single technical contact must be chosen for
`integration of the final document. This indi(cid:173)
`vidual should review the final draft before it is
`submitted to ANSI for approval to ensure that
`it is the complete and accurate document as
`approved by committee; that it meets the re(cid:173)
`quirements of this style manual; and that it is
`ready for publication. The technical contact
`should serve as liaison between the Commit(cid:173)
`tee and ANSI's editor and should be available
`to answer questions and, if necessary, to meet
`with ANSI's editor.
`
`2.4 Role of ANSI's Publications Department
`2.4.1 General
`
`ANSI's Publications Department shall partici(cid:173)
`pate in and oversee the conversion of draft
`
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`Style Manual 8th Edition Chapter 1
`
`manuscripts of American National Standards
`into printed publications. The functions per(cid:173)
`formed by the department and its overall re(cid:173)
`sponsibilities are described in 2.4.2 to 2.4.7.
`
`The department also provides advice on style
`and format to those SDOs that publish Ameri(cid:173)
`can National Standards. To issue a request for
`assistance, write:
`Director of Publications
`American National Standards Institute
`11 West 42nd Street
`New York, NY 1 0036
`(212) 642-4900
`2.4.2 Responsibility of ANSI's editor with
`regard to the technical contact
`Standards approved by ANSI are referred to
`the Publications Department by the Proce(cid:173)
`dures and Standards Administration ( PSA)
`Center. The manuscript is then assigned to a
`single ANSI editor. All phases of the produc(cid:173)
`tion of a standard shall be the ultimate respon(cid:173)
`sibility of the ANSI editor assigned to that
`document.
`
`All communication regarding a given standard
`shall take place between the technical contact
`and ANSI's editor.
`If for any reason the as(cid:173)
`signed ANSI editor is unreachable, all inquir(cid:173)
`ies should be directed to the administrative
`staff of the Publications Department. An ad(cid:173)
`ministrative staff member may be reached at
`the phone number listed in 2.4.1.
`
`Regardless of the publication option chosen by
`the technical contact (see 2.1), the technical
`contact and ANSI's editor shall be jointly re(cid:173)
`sponsible for proofreading the material and
`ensuring that it is published without any typo(cid:173)
`graphical or editorial errors. Before sending
`the document to ANSI, the technical contact
`shall proofread all material and shall correct all
`typographical errors that are found.
`2.4.3 Polley on editorial and substantive
`changes
`
`-Substantive change defined
`2.4.3.1
`A substantive change in a proposed American
`National Standard is one that directly and ma(cid:173)
`terially affects the use of the standard. Ex(cid:173)
`amples of substantive changes follow:
`
`addition, deletion, or revision of require(cid:173)
`-
`ments, regardless of number of changes;
`-
`addition of mandatory compliance with
`referenced standards.
`
`2.4.3.2 Polley
`
`ANSI's editors will correct grammatical errors
`and inconsistencies, and will also ensure that
`the standard conforms with the content and
`style requirements detailed in this style manual.
`ANSI's editors will review their corrections with
`the technical contact, but this review does not
`imply that the technical contact may initiate
`text changes. The role of the technical contact
`during the review is to acknowledge that the
`editorial "cleaning up" has not changed the
`technical content of the standard.
`
`The text filed with the BSR-9 submittal is the
`text which ANSI prepares for publication. This
`text includes all technical and editorial changes
`that were made in the document during the
`approval process. This process includes ANSI's
`public review and comment. These changes
`were voted on and accepted for inclusion.
`Occasionally, a query or comment made by
`ANSI's editor may bring to light a technical
`error that had not been previously discussed
`or realized by the technical committee. In such
`a case, the committee's technical editor shall
`inform the committee chairman, the secretariat,
`and the secretary of the BSR.
`
`2.4.4 Editorial functions
`
`Upon receipt of the document, ANSI's editor
`· shall proofread the document and, where nec-
`essary, make corrections in:
`
`spelling, punctuation, hyphenation,
`-
`grammar;
`
`abbreviations, letter and unit symbols,
`-
`and drafting practices that do not conform to
`applicable American National Standards;
`
`numbering system, if it does not conform
`-
`to this style manual;
`
`references to other American National
`Standards, if they are incomplete orerrone(cid:173)
`ous;
`
`changing "shall" to "should" or "should"
`-
`to "shall" (see 6.8.1);
`
`errors in style, as detailed in this style
`-
`manual.
`
`4
`
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`

`The editor also reads the standard for sense,
`clarity of language, and reviews overall organi(cid:173)
`zation.
`
`word or line of text. Base-to-base measure(cid:173)
`ments' in American National Standards are
`made in picas or points.
`
`Style Manual 8th Edition Chapter 1
`
`Editorial modifications may involve additional
`typesetting and modification or creation of art(cid:173)
`work.
`
`2.4.5 Production
`
`The Publications Department's role in the pro(cid:173)
`duction process (preparing the document for
`final publication) is determined by the publica(cid:173)
`tion option chosen by the technical contact.
`These options are detailed in 2.1.
`2.4.6 Final check
`
`The ANSI editor shall check the final camera(cid:173)
`ready pages to ensure that:
`
`they are complete, correct, and accu(cid:173)
`-
`rately refl.ect the manuscript;
`
`entries in the Table of Contents corre(cid:173)
`spond to the text;
`
`page sequence and running heads are
`correct;
`
`they are· clean and ready for camera.
`-
`2.4. 7 Printing
`
`Regardless of the publication option chosen,
`ANSI is also always responsible for arranging
`and executing final printing. The technical
`editor shall re·eeive one complimentary copy of
`the final printed standard. All other requests
`for printed standards should be addressed to
`the SDO.
`
`3 Definitions
`
`This clause provides definitions for terms used
`in this style manual. These terms relate to
`style, content, and policy.
`
`3.1 baseline: Refers to the horizontal line
`upon which a word or a line of text rests. The
`base line does not include descenders of a
`letter (as in "p" or "g"). The words of a line of
`type are aligned horizontally on the baseline.
`
`3.2 base-to-base: Typesetting unit of mea(cid:173)
`surement, used principally for designating
`vertical spacing. The measurement is made
`from the baseline of a word or line of text
`downward or upward to the baseline of the next
`
`3.3 camera-ready: Refers to the state of
`printed pages when they are ready for the
`printer's camera; publishable printed pages.
`
`3.4 descender: The part of the lowercase
`letter falling below the baseline, as in "g," "q,"
`or "p."
`
`3.5 em: Traditionally the horizontal distance
`taken up by the capital letter "M." Most com(cid:173)
`monly used to describe the length of hyphens
`and spaces.
`
`3.6 en: One-half of an em. Most commonly
`used to describe the length of hyphens and
`spaces.
`
`3.7 folios: Page numbers.
`
`3.8 kerning: The adjusting of space between
`individual letters so that part of one letter ex(cid:173)
`tends over the rectangular area covered by its
`neighbor. Kerning is used to achieve propor(cid:173)
`tional spacing, by which all letters take up only
`the amount of space required for their design.
`The letter "m," for example, will take up more
`horizontal space than the letter "L" See also
`mono spaced.
`
`landscape: Refers to the horizontal ori(cid:173)
`3.9
`entation of a page, table, or figure. A land(cid:173)
`scape page is sometimes referred to as a
`"turn" page.
`
`leading: The horizontal white space
`3.10
`between two consecutive lines of text, gener(cid:173)
`ally measured in points. The purpose of pro(cid:173)
`viding leading is to separate the current line
`from the previous line and to provide space for
`the previous lines descenders. Leading may
`be adjusted for a number of additional rea(cid:173)
`sons, such as allowing space for superscripts
`and subscripts.
`
`3.11 monospaced: Refers to typeface that
`has no kerning; all characters are of equal
`width.
`Traditional typewriter type
`is
`monospaced. See also kerning.
`
`3.12 pagination: The arrangement of
`document pages through the assignment of
`folios and running heads. One of the final
`steps in the preparation of camera-ready pages.
`
`5
`
`
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`11 of 84
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`Style Manual 8th Edition Chapter 1
`
`3.13 points: Typesetting unit of measure(cid:173)
`ment, used principally for designating type or
`font sizes. There are 12 points in a pica; 72
`points equals approximately one inch.
`3.14 portrait: Refers to the vertical orienta(cid:173)
`tion page, table, or figure.
`3.15 pleas: Typesetting unit of measure(cid:173)
`ment. There are 12 points in a pica; one pica
`equals approximately 1/6 of one inch. Picas
`and points are often used side-by-side (e.g.,
`1.5 picas or 18 points, 2 picas or 24 points).
`The primary· means of measurement in the
`preparation of American National Standards is
`points and picas.
`
`3.16 PSA: Procedures and Standards Ad-
`ministration.
`running heads: A continuing element
`3.17
`placed at the top of each page of a document,
`usually identifying the document.
`
`3.18 SDO: Standards-developing organi-
`zation.
`
`secretariat: Performs all administra(cid:173)
`3.19
`tive functions as required by the Procedures for
`the Development and Coordination of Ameri(cid:173)
`can National Standards.
`serif: The small terminating strokes
`3.