`571-272-7822
`
` Paper No. 9
`Entered: December 1, 2017
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`ENFORCEMENT VIDEO, LLC,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`DIGITAL ALLY, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`____________
`
`Case IPR2017-01401
`Patent 9,325,950 B2
`____________
`
`Before PHILLIP J. KAUFFMAN, MINN CHUNG, and
`ROBERT L. KINDER, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`CHUNG, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`DECISION
`Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a) and 37 C.F.R. § 42.108
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`I. INTRODUCTION
`Enforcement Video, LLC (“Petitioner”) filed a Petition (Paper 1,
`“Pet.”) requesting inter partes review of claims 1–4, 8–10, 12–17, 20–22,
`and 24 (the “challenged claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 B2 (Ex. 1001,
`“the ’950 patent”). Digital Ally, Inc. (“Patent Owner”) filed a Preliminary
`Response (Paper 8, “Prelim. Resp.”). We have authority to determine
`whether to institute an inter partes review. 35 U.S.C. § 314(b); 37 C.F.R.
`§ 42.4(a).
`The standard for instituting an inter partes review is set forth in
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a), which provides that an inter partes review may not be
`instituted unless the information presented in the Petition “shows that there
`is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect to at
`least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” Upon consideration of the
`Petition and the Preliminary Response, we conclude that the information
`presented in the Petition does not establish a reasonable likelihood that
`Petitioner would prevail in showing the unpatentability of any of the
`challenged claims on the grounds set forth in the Petition. Accordingly, we
`deny Petitioner’s request to institute an inter partes review of claims 1–4, 8–
`10, 12–17, 20–22, and 24.
`
`II. BACKGROUND
`A. Related Proceeding
`The parties indicate that the ’950 patent is the subject of the following
`patent infringement cases: Digital Ally, Inc. v. Enforcement Video, LLC
`d/b/a WatchGuard Video, 2:16-CV-02349-JTM-JPO, pending in the United
`States District Court for the District of Kansas. Pet. 9; Paper 3, 2.
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`B. The ’950 Patent
`The ’950 patent describes a vehicle-mounted video and audio
`recording system using distributed processing. Ex. 1001, Abstract, 2:7–9.
`In an embodiment, the video system for a vehicle comprises a video camera
`mounted on the vehicle for capturing and encoding video, a central control
`unit mounted on the vehicle for receiving and decoding the encoded video,
`and a display monitor mounted on the vehicle for displaying the decoded
`video. Id. at 2:13–18. In addition, the system may include a microphone to
`capture and encode audio, which is received and decoded by the central
`control unit. Id. at 2:30–32.
`In another embodiment, the video cameras may include a unique
`identifier, such as a serial number. Id. at 10:14–17. The audiovisual signals
`recorded by a camera are stamped with the camera’s identifier so that the
`identity of the camera that acquired the video is verified and maintained with
`the recorded data itself. Id. at 10:17–21.
`
`C. Illustrative Claim
`Of the challenged claims, claims 1 and 13 are independent. Claim 1 is
`illustrative of the challenged claims and is reproduced below.
`1.
`A video system for a law enforcement vehicle, the system
`comprising:
`a first video camera mounted on the law enforcement vehicle and
`configured to capture and encode video of an event and to
`associate the encoded video with a first unique camera
`identifier;
`a second video camera configured to capture and encode video
`of the event and to associate the encoded video with a
`second unique camera identifier;
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`wherein the first video camera and the second video camera are
`configured to implement a pre-event recording loop;
`a central control unit configured to receive, decode, and
`timestamp the encoded video from the first video camera
`and the encoded video from the second video camera,
`wherein the central control unit is configured to be updated in the
`field via a wireless data link;
`a memory for receiving and storing the captured, decoded, and
`timestamped video from the central control unit,
`wherein the central control unit is further configured to
`wirelessly upload the captured, decoded, and timestamped
`video stored in the memory to a remote computer,
`wherein one or both of the video captured by the first video
`camera and the video captured by the second video camera
`is selectively playable on a display of a smartphone carried
`by a user of the video system, such that the display is
`configured to display the selected decoded video; and
`a microphone configured to capture and encode audio, wherein
`the central control unit is configured to receive and decode
`the encoded audio.
`Ex. 1001, 10:59–11:23.
`
`
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`D. Asserted Prior Art and Grounds of Unpatentability
`Petitioner cites the following references in its challenges to
`patentability.
`
`Designation Exhibit No.
`
`Pandey
`
`Ex. 1002
`
`Monroe
`
`Ex. 1003
`
`Sony
`
`Ex. 1004
`
`Reference and Relevant Date
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No.
`2009/0195655 A1 (published Aug. 6, 2009)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,518,881 B2 (issued Feb. 11,
`2003)
`Sony Network Camera User’s Guide
`(Copyright 2004)
`U.S. Patent Application Pub. No.
`2004/0008255 A1 (published Jan. 15, 2004)
`U.S. Patent No. 8,081,214 B2 (issued Dec. 20,
`2011)
`
`
`Petitioner asserts the following grounds of unpatentability (Pet. 11):
`
`Lewellen
`
`Ex. 1005
`
`Vanman1
`
`Ex. 1006
`
`Claims Challenged
`
`Statutory Basis
`
`References
`
`1–4, 8, 12–17, 20, and 24
`
`§ 103(a)
`
`9 and 21
`
`10 and 22
`
`§ 103(a)
`
`§ 103(a)
`
`Pandey, Monroe, and Sony
`Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and
`Lewellen
`Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and
`Vanman
`
`
`1 For clarity and ease of reference, we only list the first named inventor.
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`Petitioner also relies on the Declaration of William C. Easttom II
`(Ex. 1007).
`
`III. ANALYSIS
`A. Claim Construction
`In an inter partes review, claim terms in an unexpired patent are given
`their broadest reasonable construction in light of the specification of the
`patent in which they appear. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b); see Cuozzo Speed
`Techs., LLC v. Lee, 136 S. Ct. 2131, 2144–46 (2016) (upholding the use of
`the broadest reasonable interpretation standard as the claim construction
`standard to be applied in an inter partes review proceeding). Under the
`broadest reasonable interpretation standard, and absent any special
`definitions, claim terms generally are given their ordinary and customary
`meaning, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, in view
`of the specification. In re Translogic Tech. Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257 (Fed.
`Cir. 2007).
`For the purposes of this decision, and on the record presented, we
`determine that no claim terms need express interpretation because we need
`only construe terms “that are in controversy, and only to the extent necessary
`to resolve the controversy.” Nidec Motor Corp. v. Zhongshan Broad Ocean
`Motor Co., 868 F.3d 1013, 1017 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (quoting Vivid Techs., Inc.
`v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc., 200 F.3d 795, 803 (Fed. Cir. 1999)).
`
`B. Obviousness over the Combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony
`Petitioner contends claims 1–4, 8, 12–17, 20, and 24 are unpatentable
`under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as obvious over the combination of Pandey,
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`Monroe, and Sony. Pet. 14–53. Petitioner submits the Declaration of
`William C. Easttom II in support of its contentions. We have reviewed the
`parties’ contentions and supporting evidence. Given the evidence of record,
`we are not persuaded that Petitioner has established a reasonable likelihood
`of prevailing on this asserted ground as to any of these challenged claims for
`the reasons explained below.
`
`1. Overview of Pandey (Ex. 1002)
`Pandey discloses a remote video surveillance apparatus having a
`video camera and a cellular telephone connection so as to transmit live video
`images to a base station or to a user computer at a different remote location.
`Ex. 1002, Abstract, ¶ 5.
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`Figure 1 of Pandey is reproduced below.
`
`
`Figure 1 above depicts an exemplary embodiment of Pandey in which two
`different remote units are mounted on vehicles. Id. ¶¶ 19, 24–25. As
`illustrated in Figure 1 above, the remote units have access to the Internet
`connection over a cellular telephone network, and communicate with a base
`station and at least two user computers. Id. ¶ 19.
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`In another embodiment, the remote unit may include an Internet
`Protocol (IP) camera, such as a Sony Model Number SNCRZ25 camera. Id.
`¶ 38. Figure 2 (not reproduced herein) describes the structure and operation
`of IP camera 200 in an exemplary embodiment. Id. ¶ 39. According to
`Pandey, IP camera 200 can be controlled remotely and may transmit
`recorded video signals over the Internet connection. Id. ¶¶ 40–41. The
`video signals may be compressed by using a data compression routine. Id.
`¶ 41.
`
`2. Overview of Sony (Ex. 1004)
`Sony is a user’s guide that explains how to operate the Sony
`SNC-RZ25N and SNC-RZ25P model Network Camera from a computer.
`Ex. 1004, 7. The “requirements for the computer” specified in the user’s
`guide indicate that Sony contemplates “the computer” to be a Windows
`computer, such as a Windows PC. See id. at 8 (requiring the computer to
`include a “Pentium III 1 GHz or higher” processor and a “Windows
`2000/XP” operating system (OS), as well as an “Internet Explorer Ver. 5.5
`or Ver. 6.0” Web browser).
`Sony instructs the user to “[b]efore starting, connect the camera to a
`local network” and explains how to assign an IP address to the camera using
`the IP Setup program installed on the user computer. Id. at 9. According to
`Sony, the IP Setup program detects the SNC RZ25N or SNC-RZ25P
`cameras connected to the network and lists them on the Network tab window
`of the program. Id. The display window of Sony’s IP Setup program is
`reproduced below.
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`The figure above depicts the Network tab window of Sony’s IP Setup
`program. Id. As shown above, the IP Setup program lists each of the
`cameras detected on the local network, including the IP address (if assigned
`already), the model number, and the serial number of the camera. Id. Sony
`explains that the IP address of the cameras may be assigned manually or
`obtained automatically from the DNS server on the network. Id. at 9–10.
`Once an IP address has been assigned to a camera connected to the
`network, Sony describes that the camera is accessed by “using the Web
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`browser installed in your computer.” Id. at 11. Sony also describes that,
`when the camera is first accessed, the “welcome page” and the “main
`viewer” screen are displayed on the Web browser. Id. According to Sony,
`the IP address assignment process is completed when the main viewer is
`correctly displayed. Id.
`Sony further describes that the IP Setup program also allows selecting
`various parameters for the communication between the camera and the user
`computer, such as the video format of the output video streaming signal
`from the camera (id. at 34–35) and the bandwidth of the transmission from
`the camera (id. at 66).
`In addition, Sony describes how to control the camera from the user
`computer over the network, including controlling the PanTilt, Zoom, and
`Focus functions of the camera, as well as the camera position. Id. at 18, 22–
`23.
`
`Finally, Sony describes that the video or audio data recorded on the
`camera can be accessed and played on the user computer by using the SNC
`video player. Id. at 70. The displayed image can be captured and saved on
`the user computer. Id. at 71.
`
`3. Discussion
`a. Claim 1
`Claim 1 recites “a first video camera mounted on the law enforcement
`vehicle and configured to capture and encode video of an event and to
`associate the encoded video with a first unique camera identifier.”
`Ex. 1001, 10:61–64 (emphases added). In other words, claim 1 requires the
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`first video camera to associate the video captured on the camera with a
`unique camera identifier.
`Petitioner asserts that the term “associate” should be construed to
`mean “to include as part of the same file.” Pet. 13. Patent Owner does not
`dispute Petitioner’s proposed construction. Under Petitioner’s proposed
`construction, claim 1 requires the first video camera to place a unique
`camera identifier in the encoded video as part of the same video file.
`Although we need not construe the term expressly for purposes of this
`Decision, we note that the claim plainly recites the camera to associate “the
`encoded video” of an event with the camera identifier. Thus, the plain
`language of the claim requires the claimed association to be specific to the
`particular video or video file captured by the camera. In other words, a
`general relationship between all of the video files recorded on the camera
`and the camera identifier does not meet the recited “association” limitation.
`Put it differently, the mere fact that video files are recorded by a camera
`having a camera identifier does not create the “associat[ion]” recited in the
`claim. This interpretation is also consistent with “the claim construction
`principle that meaning should be given to all of a claim’s terms,” Dell Inc. v.
`Acceleron, LLC, 818 F.3d 1293, 1300 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (citing Bicon, Inc. v.
`Straumann Co., 441 F.3d 945, 950 (Fed. Cir. 2006)), because the claim
`expressly recites the first video camera “to capture and encode video of an
`event” and “to associate the encoded video with a first unique camera
`identifier.”
`Petitioner maps IP camera 200 of Pandey as the claimed first video
`camera (Pet. 18) and asserts that Pandey discloses the first video camera
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`capturing and encoding video of an event because Pandey describes that IP
`camera 200 outputs a video signal that has been compressed by using a data
`compression routine (id. at 20–21 (citing Ex. 1002 ¶¶ 39, 41, 49)).
`Petitioner appears to acknowledge that “Pandey does not explicitly
`disclose associating the encoded video with a unique camera identifier.” Id.
`at 22. Indeed, Petitioner does not cite any disclosure from Pandey as
`disclosing this limitation. Instead, Petitioner relies on Sony for its purported
`disclosure of the claimed association. Specifically, Petitioner asserts that
`Sony discloses associating the serial number of a SNCRZ25 camera (i.e., the
`claimed “unique camera identifier”) with the video captured by the camera
`because Sony describes that the video file provided by the SNCRZ25 camera
`“includes various metadata regarding the video captured by the camera,”
`such as the model name, the IP address, and the serial number of the camera.
`Id. (citing Ex. 1004, 70–71). Petitioner further asserts that Sony’s video
`playback program displays information relating to “the selected video file”
`to be played, including “the serial number of the camera with which the file
`is recorded.” Id. at 22–23 (citing Ex. 1004, 71).
`Patent Owner asserts that there is no description in Sony of any
`“metadata” associated with a video file. Prelim. Resp. 25. Patent Owner
`further asserts that there is no teaching in Sony that Sony’s video file
`includes the serial number of the camera as metadata. Id. Patent Owner
`argues that Sony, instead, describes obtaining the serial number from Sony’s
`camera during the initial IP address assignment process when the camera is
`connected to the network. Id. at 15–19, 25–26 (citing Ex. 1004, 6, 9, 10, 11,
`31). Patent Owner further argues that there is no indication in Sony that the
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`serial number of the camera shown in the Petitioner-cited pages 70–71 of
`Sony was “associated with . . . the video by the camera,” as recited in
`claim 1. Id. at 24.
`We agree with Patent Owner’s arguments. As discussed above in the
`Overview of Sony subsection, Sony describes how to operate the Sony IP
`camera from a user computer over the network. Ex. 1004, 7, 8. As also
`discussed in the same subsection, Sony describes using Sony’s IP Setup
`program on the user computer to assign the IP address to Sony’s camera
`connected on the network and obtaining the model number and the serial
`number of the connected camera during the initial IP address assignment
`process. Id. at 9–10.
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`The display window of Sony’s SNC video player cited by Petitioner is
`reproduced below.
`
`
`Id. at 70. The figure above depicts the control buttons or icons available on
`Sony’s SNC video player, as well as various information displayed on the
`program’s display window. Id. at 70–71. As shown above, certain
`information items regarding the connected camera, such as the model name,
`the assigned IP address, and the serial number, are displayed in a box titled
`“Camera information.” Id.
`Sony describes that the “Camera information” box displays the model
`name, the assigned IP address, and the serial number of “the camera with
`which the file [selected for playback] is recorded.” Id. at 71 (emphasis
`added). Hence, contrary to Petitioner’s contention, Sony does not describe
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`that the information displayed in the “Camera information” box is
`specifically associated with the “selected video file” to be played (see Pet.
`23 (citing Ex. 1004, 71)), but, rather, indicates that the information relates to
`identifying the camera where all of the video files have been recorded and
`stored. Furthermore, as discussed above, the Sony program on the user
`computer had already obtained the model name, the IP address, and the
`serial number of the camera when the IP address was initially assigned. As
`Patent Owner notes, the System tab of the Setting window of Sony’s Web-
`based application lists the serial number of the camera without referencing
`any video file. Prelim. Resp. 18–19 (citing Ex. 1004, 31). Hence, the mere
`fact that the serial number of the camera is displayed on the video playback
`screen does not demonstrate, without more, that the source of the
`information is the video file selected for playback.
`Further, as discussed above, claim 1 requires the first video camera to
`“associate the encoded video with a first unique camera identifier.” As
`Patent Owner notes (Prelim. Resp. 25 (citing Ex. 1004, 70)), Sony describes
`at most that a program running on a user computer displays the serial
`number of the connected camera when playing back any of the video files
`recorded on the camera. Petitioner does not explain sufficiently or provide
`sufficient supporting evidence why a person of ordinary skill in the art
`would understand Sony to disclose that Sony’s IP camera (i.e., the claimed
`“first video camera”), rather than the user computer, associates the video
`recorded on the camera with the serial number of the camera, as required by
`the claim. As Patent Owner also notes, the Declaration of Mr. Easttom
`provides no discussion of whether Sony, Pandey, Monroe, or any other prior
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`art teaches or suggests the claimed video camera associating the encoded
`video with the unique camera identifier. See id. at 27 (citing Ex. 1007 ¶ 23);
`see also Ex. 1007 ¶¶ 25 (“IP cameras, such as the one shown in the Sony
`User Guide, were known for their ability to encode audio and/or video.”),
`30(“[T]he Sony User Guide makes several statements that indicate that
`multiple cameras could be connected to an IP camera system.”).
`Petitioner further asserts that it would have been obvious to associate
`the serial number of the camera as metadata to the digitized video signal of
`IP camera 200 of Pandey because Pandey explicitly contemplates using the
`Sony Model Number SNCRZ25 camera and doing so would help establish a
`chain of title for evidentiary purposes. Pet. 23 (citing Ex. 1002 ¶ 48).
`As discussed above, Petitioner has not established either Sony or
`Pandey discloses the first video camera associating the encoded video with a
`unique camera identifier. We are not persuaded by Petitioner’s obviousness
`argument because Petitioner does not explain sufficiently how a person of
`ordinary skill in the art would have combined the teachings of Sony and
`Pandey to obtain this element missing from both references. See
`Trivascular, Inc. v. Samuels, 812 F.3d 1056, 1066 (Fed. Cir. 2016)
`(“Although the KSR test is flexible, the Board must still be careful not to
`allow hindsight reconstruction of references . . . without any explanation as
`to how or why the references would be combined to produce the claimed
`invention.”) (internal quotation marks omitted) (citation omitted).
`Claim 1 further recites “a second video camera configured to capture
`and encode video of the event and to associate the encoded video with a
`second unique camera identifier.” Ex. 1001, 10:65–67 (emphases added).
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`Apart from relying on the combination of Pandey and Monroe to teach a
`second IP camera that is identical to the first camera, Petitioner relies on the
`same arguments and evidence discussed above to argue that the combination
`of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony teaches the second camera configured to
`capture and encode video of the event and to associate the encoded video
`with a second unique camera identifier, as recited in the claim. Pet. 23–26.
`Hence, Petitioner’s argument is unpersuasive for the same reasons discussed
`above.
`Therefore, Petitioner does not demonstrate sufficiently that the
`combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony teaches or renders obvious all
`limitations of claim 1. Accordingly, the information presented in the
`Petition does not demonstrate a reasonable likelihood of Petitioner
`prevailing in its challenge to claim 1 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as obvious
`over the combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony.
`
`b. Claim 13
`Similar to claim 1, independent claim 13 recites “a first video camera
`mounted on the vehicle and configured to capture and encode video and to
`stamp the encoded video with a first unique camera identifier” and “a
`second video camera mounted on the vehicle and configured to capture and
`encode video and to stamp the encoded video with a second unique camera
`identifier.” Id. at 12:2–7 (emphases added). Hence, similar to claim 1,
`independent claim 13 requires each camera to stamp the video captured on
`the camera with the unique camera identifier.
`Petitioner relies on essentially the same arguments and evidence to
`assert that the combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony teaches or renders
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`obvious these limitations of claim 13. Pet. 39–41. Thus, for the same
`reasons discussed above with respect to claim 1, Petitioner does not
`demonstrate sufficiently that the combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony
`teaches or renders obvious all limitations of claim 13. Accordingly, the
`information presented in the Petition does not demonstrate a reasonable
`likelihood of Petitioner prevailing in its challenge to claim 13 under 35
`U.S.C. § 103(a) as obvious over the combination of Pandey, Monroe, and
`Sony.
`
`b. Dependent Claims 2–4, 8, 12, 14–17, 20, and 24
`Claims 2–4, 8, and 12 each depend directly from claim 1, and claims
`14–17, 20, and 24 each depend directly from claim 13. Petitioner’s
`arguments and evidence presented with respect to these dependent claims do
`not remedy the deficiencies in Petitioner’s analysis of independent claims 1
`and 13 discussed above. See Pet. 42–53. Therefore, Petitioner does not
`demonstrate a reasonable likelihood of prevailing in its challenge to
`dependent claims 2–4, 8, 12, 14–17, 20, and 24 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as
`obvious over the combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony.
`
`C. Obviousness over
`the Combination of Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and Lewellen or
`over the Combination of Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and Vanman
`Petitioner adds the teachings of Lewellen (Ex. 1005) to the basic
`combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony in an asserted ground of
`obviousness as to claims 9 and 21. Pet. 53–55. Similarly, Petitioner adds
`Vanman (Ex. 1006) to the basic combination of Pandey, Monroe, and Sony
`in an asserted ground of obviousness as to claims 10 and 22. Id. at 55–56.
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`In these asserted grounds, Petitioner relies on Lewellen or Vanman
`only to teach the additionally recited limitations of these dependent claims.
`Id. at 53–56. Therefore, Petitioner’s evidence and arguments presented with
`respect to these asserted grounds of obviousness do not remedy the
`deficiencies in Petitioner’s analysis in the grounds based on Pandey,
`Monroe, and Sony discussed above.
`Accordingly, Petitioner does not demonstrate a reasonable likelihood
`of Petitioner prevailing in its challenge to claims 9 and 21 under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 103(a) as obvious over the combination of Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and
`Lewellen. Similarly, Petitioner does not demonstrate a reasonable likelihood
`of Petitioner prevailing in its challenge to claims 10 and 22 as obvious over
`the combination of Pandey, Monroe, Sony, and Vanman.
`
`
`
`IV. CONCLUSION
`Based on the arguments and evidence presented in the Petition, we
`conclude Petitioner has not demonstrated a reasonable likelihood that
`Petitioner would prevail in showing at least one of the challenged claims of
`the ’950 patent is unpatentable based on any asserted ground of
`unpatentability. Therefore, we do not institute an inter partes review with
`respect to any of the challenged claims of the ’950 patent.
`
`
`
`V. ORDER
`In consideration of the foregoing, it is hereby:
`ORDERED that the Petition is denied as to all challenged claims of
`the ’950 patent, and no trial is instituted.
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`PETITIONER:
`Adam Sanderson
`adam.sanderson@rgmfirm.com
`
`William Moon
`amoon@winstead.com
`
`
`PATENT OWNER:
`Jennifer Bailey
`jennifer.bailey@eriseip.com
`
`Jonathan L. Hines
`jonathan.Hines@eriseip.com
`
`Marshall Honeyman
`marshall.honeyman@eriseip.com
`
`
`
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