111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US007916845B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Rae et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,916,845 B2
`*Mar. 29, 2011
`
`(54) UNAUTHORIZED CALL ACTIVITY
`DETECTION AND PREVENTION SYSTEMS
`AND METHODS FORA VOICE OVER
`INTERNET PROTOCOL ENVIRONMENT
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Robert L. Rae, Plano, TX (US);
`Michelle L. Polozola, Richardson, TX
`(US); John S. Hogg, Jr., Bedford, TX
`(US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Securus Technologies, Inc., Dallas, TX
`(US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1365 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`EP
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 11/403,547
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 13, 2006
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2007/0242658 AI
`
`Oct. 18, 2007
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04M 3142
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ................................... 379/201.01; 379/188
`(58) Field of Classification Search ............. 379/201.02,
`379/188; 455/411
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner- William J Deane
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm- Fenwick & West LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Embodiments connect a call in which at least one party is a
`VoiP call party and monitoring resulting VoiP signals for
`unauthorized call activity, such as three-way call activity. The
`monitoring may include monitoring the call for suspend and/
`or resume events to detect the unauthorized call activity, the
`suspend and resume events may be generated by a telephone
`system and passed into a VoiP system associated with the
`VoiP call party. The monitoring may be carried out by an
`agent disposed between a VoiP gateway and the VoiP call
`party or by the VoiP gateway itself.
`
`41 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
`
`100
`~
`
`112
`
`GTL 1001
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 7,916,845
`
`

`

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`Determining an Entity Responsible for Billing a Called Party," Filed
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`2010, 33 pages.
`
`

`

`100
`~
`
`VALIDATION
`
`r 128
`
`I
`
`UNAUTHORIZED I
`
`CALL ACTIVITY I '-129
`
`DETECTION
`
`II /110
`
`I
`
`IN ~I
`.. - -
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
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`~
`~ :-:
`N
`~'-CI
`N
`
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`....
`
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`....
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`
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`
`d
`rJl
`-....l
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`Oo
`
`~ u. = N
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.29,2011
`
`Sheet 2 of 3
`
`US 7,916,845 B2
`
`200
`i
`
`201
`
`202
`
`203
`
`FIG. 2
`
`RESIDENT PICKS UP PHONE
`
`RESIDENT ENTERS PIN
`
`RESIDENT ENTERS OUTSIDE NUMBER
`
`204
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER CALL IS ALLOWED
`(AND PROPENSITY FOR 3-WAY
`CALL ATIEMPT)
`
`CALL ALLOWED AND CONNECTED -----------------,
`
`205
`
`OUTSIDE PARTY ATIEMPTS TO
`ACTIVATE 3-WAY CALLING
`
`3-WAY CALL ATIEMPT DETECTED
`
`226
`
`225
`I - - - - - - _'t_ - - - - _)_ --,
`MONITOR CALL FOR THIRD
`1
`1
`I VOICE OR SOUND OF INTEREST
`I
`L....------ -~------- .....J
`I - - - - - - _f_--------,
`I CAPTURE VOICE/SOUND DATA
`I
`L....------ -~----- \
`.....J
`)._
`.-/ ' ,
`'
`£'-.... ,.,."
`</ANALYZE DATA'>
`'
`"'
`
`INBOUND:
`VAD USED AS
`EQUIVALENT OF SILENCE
`FOR 3-WAY DETECTION "-- 20?
`TTHIRD VOICE OR
`OUT-OF-BOUND:
`FLASH BOOK SS7 SIGNAL "-- 20B
`1 SOUND OF INTEREST
`1 DETECTED
`_________________ j
`
`/
`
`2
`
`206
`
`210
`
`APPROPRIATE ACTION TAKEN
`FLAG CALL '-.__ 211
`WARN PARTIES '-.__ 212
`DISCONNECT CALL'---- 213
`MONITOR CALL'-.__ 214
`ALERT AUTHORITIES "--
`
`215
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar.29,2011
`
`Sheet 3 of 3
`
`US 7,916,845 B2
`
`300
`i
`
`301
`
`302
`
`303
`
`FIG. 3
`
`RESIDENT PICKS UP PHONE
`
`RESIDENT ENTERS PIN
`
`RESIDENT DIALS OUTSIDE NUMBER
`
`304
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER CALL IS ALLOWED
`(AND PROPENSITY FOR 3-WAY
`CALL ATIEMPT)
`
`,-------
`
`CALL ALLOWED AND CONNECTED
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I - - - - - - _L------ I
`MONITOR CALL FOR THIRD
`L ~o~~ C2_R _s~~~E ~~~T~R~0 _J ~ 325
`,---------~-------,
`~ ~A!~U~E_V~I~~S_?~N~ ~~T~ _J ~ 326
`J._
`
`/
`
`/
`
`/
`
`.......
`
`.......
`
`320 /
`
`305
`
`306
`
`310
`
`1
`
`I •
`
`THREE WAY CALLING
`DISALLOWED
`
`OUTSIDE PARTY ATIEMPTS TO
`INITIATE 3-WAY CALL
`
`APPROPRIATE ACTION TAKEN
`
`FLAG CALL "-- 311
`WARN PARTIES "-- 312
`DISCONNECT CALL"-- 313
`MONITOR CALL"-- 314
`ALERT AUTHORITIES '-... 315
`
`.......
`<:ANALYZE DATA:>
`, ...
`?-......
`THREE WAY CALL ATIEMPT
`327
`'y"
`DETECTED IN DIGITAL
`1 THIRD VOICE OR SOUND
`SIGNALING OR IN CALL STREAM
`I OF INTEREST DETECTED
`_________________ j
`
`

`

`US 7,916,845 B2
`
`1
`UNAUTHORIZED CALL ACTIVITY
`DETECTION AND PREVENTION SYSTEMS
`AND METHODS FORA VOICE OVER
`INTERNET PROTOCOL ENVIRONMENT
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`2
`A three-way call may be initiated when the originally
`called party (e.g. an authorized party outside the private tele(cid:173)
`phone system) depresses the hook switch on the telephone,
`generating a hook flash signal. This signals the telephone
`5 central office to put the resident on hold and provide a dial
`tone to the originally called party. On receipt of the dial tone,
`the originally-called party dials the number of an unautho(cid:173)
`rized third party, and when the connection is completed, the
`resident and the unauthorized third party can communicate
`10 through the connection established outside the private sys(cid:173)
`tem.
`Three-way call monitoring systems which have been
`developed to prevent unauthorized calls according to the fore(cid:173)
`going scenario rely on the detection of telephone signals.
`15 They typically monitor the local telephone connection for the
`hook flash "click" signal or associated central office signals
`that fall in a frequency band outside the range of frequencies
`produced by the human voice. These systems typically moni(cid:173)
`tor signals on the local telephone line through a frequency
`20 filter designed to pass audio signals in this frequency band. A
`three-way call attempt may be indicated whenever signals in
`the frequency band have energies above a selected threshold.
`Some systems compare the signals with a hook flash refer-
`ence signal utilizing sampling techniques implemented with a
`digital signal processor (DSP).
`Even in a more or less conventional telephone environment
`these systems may not be very accurate for a number of
`reasons. The underlying assumptions about the frequency
`profile of three-way call events, i.e. the hook flash and signals
`30 generated by activating central office switches, are often
`wrong. For example, the hook flash signals are often modified
`by transmission through switches and along loaded lines, and
`even if assumptions about the frequency characteristics of the
`initial signal are accurate, these characteristics may be sub-
`35 stantially distorted by the time the "hook flash" signal reaches
`a call processing system implementing three-way call detec(cid:173)
`tion, or the like.
`Other systems and methods for detecting undesired call
`activity are disclosed in Salibrici, U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,355 and
`40 above-incorporated commonly owned, co-pending U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 10/252,956, filed Sep. 20, 2002
`and entitled THREE-WAY TELEPHONE CALL PREVEN(cid:173)
`TION SYSTEM AND METHOD. Salibrici teaches using
`digital signal processing to identify a third-party connection.
`Salibrici operates by establishing a baseline ambient, or back(cid:173)
`ground, noise level, and detecting when the signal noise level
`drops below the ambient noise level. When the current signal
`noise level drops below the ambient noise level, the system
`assumes that a three-way conference call has been attempted
`by the called party. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/252,
`956 discloses an exemplary technique for detecting three-way
`calls, which in general includes detecting a call signal level,
`determining if the call signal level is below a predetermined
`silence level threshold, and measuring a duration the call
`signal level remains below the predetermined silence level
`threshold.
`Internet protocol ("IP") is a routing protocol designed to
`route traffic within a network or between networks. VoiP is a
`method for providing voice capabilities over an IP network,
`60 such as the Internet or an intranet. In such networks data
`packets are sent to and from communication sites to facilitate
`communication. In communication systems utilizing a VoiP
`protocol, the packets are commonly referred to as datagrams.
`In typical VoiP networks, each communication site sends
`datagrams to other communication sites with which they are
`in communication. There are different approaches to sending
`datagrams. Control signals per ITU recommendation H.323,
`
`The present application is related to co-pending, and com(cid:173)
`monly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/646,638
`filed Aug. 22, 2003, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD
`FOR CALL REDIRECT DETECTION AND TREAT(cid:173)
`MENT"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/252,956, filed
`Sep. 20, 2002, entitled "THREE-WAY TELEPHONE CALL
`PREVENTION SYSTEM AND METHOD"; U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 10/642,532 filed Aug. 15, 2003, entitled
`"CENTRALIZED CALL PROCESSING"; U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 10/800,473 filed Mar. 15, 2004, entitled
`"CALL PROCESSING WITH VOICE OVER INTERNET
`PROTOCOL TRANSMISSION"; and U.S. patent applica(cid:173)
`tion Ser. No. 09/905,014 filed Jul. 13, 2001, entitled "PUB(cid:173)
`LIC TELEPHONE CONTROL WITH VOICE OVER
`INTERNET PROTOCOL TRANSMISSION"; the disclo-
`sures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 25
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates to the field of telecommuni(cid:173)
`cations and in particular to systems and methods for detecting
`and/or preventing the unauthorized use of call features in a
`Voice over Internet Protocol (VoiP) environment.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Private premise-based telephone systems, such as those
`installed at correctional facilities or other controlled-environ(cid:173)
`ment facilities, have created a need to monitor various events
`occurring on the telephone lines of the system. Telephone
`systems at correctional facilities or other controlled-environ(cid:173)
`ment facilities may comprise a microprocessor-based call
`processing system having operational software that is capable
`of allowing control over telephones connected to the system.
`For example, the system may be programmed to prevent
`inmates or residents from contacting unauthorized parties or 45
`using the telephone system for fraudulent purposes. An
`authorization mechanism may be utilized to prevent residents
`from dialing unauthorized numbers directly.
`Additionally, a call processing system my prevent a resi(cid:173)
`dent from initiating a three-way call, taking part in a confer- 50
`ence call, or the like. However, a particular problem that is
`encountered in these systems is the placement of a three-way
`call, or the like, by a party that is authorized to be called by the
`resident. Once the resident is connected to an authorized
`number, the resident may be connected to a third party at an 55
`unauthorized number via the three-way call feature by a party
`at the authorized number. Care may be taken to insure that a
`resident does not call an unauthorized party. However, once a
`call is connected through the Public Switched Telephone
`Network (PSTN) it becomes very difficult to control the
`actions of the called party. Therefore, to preserve this screen(cid:173)
`ing activity, it is desirable to insure that the called party is in
`fact the person to whom the call is terminating. Therefore, it
`is desirable to have control of the call with respect to all the
`parties who are on the phone call. In short, it is desirable to 65
`prevent addition of an unknown third party to a resident call in
`order to preserve the integrity of the initial call screening
`
`

`

`US 7,916,845 B2
`
`3
`and audio-based media streams using Real-Time Transport
`Protocol (RTP) per Internet RFC 1889, may be applied. Alter(cid:173)
`natively, control signals could be applied using other proto(cid:173)
`cols such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) per Internet
`RFC 2543.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`Embodiments of the present invention are directed gener(cid:173)
`ally to systems and methods for detecting and/or preventing
`unauthorized call activity in a VoiP environment. According
`to certain embodiments, a call is connected in which at least
`one party is a VoiP call party, and resulting VoiP signals for
`the call are monitored for detecting unauthorized call activity.
`In a first situation wherein a call is an interconnection
`between a PSTN-based call and a VoiP call, such as a SIP(cid:173)
`based or RTP-based call, different methods for detection of
`VoiP signals that indicate or include suspend and resume
`events may be used to detect unauthorized call activity, such
`as initiation of a three-way call. For example, when the user
`on a PSTN line attempts to activate a traditional form of
`three-way calling, or undertakes similar unauthorized call
`activity, embodiments of the present invention detect various
`VoiP signals from which the three-way call attempt may be
`determined. As used herein, the phrase "VoiP signals" may
`refer to various out-of-band and/or in-band signaling, either
`of which may be a part of VoiP data packets or may be
`separate VoiP-related instructions. Appropriate action may
`then be taken by calling systems employing an embodiment
`of the present invention upon detection of unauthorized call
`activity, such as intervening in the call to warn the parties to
`not participate in a three-way call (e.g., via an interactive
`voice response unit or the like), disconnecting the call, moni(cid:173)
`taring the call for investigative purposes, and/or the like. As
`an example of use of in-band signals for three-way call detec(cid:173)
`tion, the return of Voice Activation Detection (VAD) idle
`noise is used by an embodiment of the present invention,
`where VAD idle noise being received may be treated as a
`silence period and used as an indicator of initiation of a
`three-way call. Examples of out-of-band signaling that might
`be used to detect unauthorized call activity might include
`Signaling System 7 (SS7) signaling, or the like.
`In situations wherein both parties to a call are employing
`VoiP, signaling that occurs between traditional VoiP devices
`may be monitored to determine when one VoiP device invites 45
`another party or another gateway to join into