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`B. Braun 2015
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`Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
`The Pitt Building, ’l‘rummngton Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP
`40 West 2011] Street, New York, NY 100114211: USA
`
`10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
`
`19 Cambridge Universrcy Press 1995
`First published 1995
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`Typeset by Cumputaprint, London
`
`Printed in Great Britain
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`by the Bath Press, Bath
`
`
` Library of Cungress cataloging in publicatiun data appliedfor
`A catalogue rceardfm‘ this book is availablefrnm the British Library
`
`ISBN 0 521 48236 4 hardback
`ISBN 0 52148421 9 paperback
`
`ISBN 0 521 48469 3
`flexicover
`
`
`ISBN 0 52148468 5
`low price edition
`
`
`ISBN 3 12 517918 1 Klott paperback edition
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`
`ISBN 312 5l7919 X Kleit hardcover edition
`
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`Defined words that we have a reason to believe constitute trademarks have
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`been labelled as such. However neither the presence nor absence ofsueh labels
`should be regarded as affecting the legal status ofany trademark.
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`page 947
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`needle to negotiate
`
`
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`cheap rented accommodation '
`‘
`be {011
`infinitive. To form the negative of
`i
`owed by ’to’
`
`
`' approaches. there '5 a rlesperlileuheeézléw:
`‘need’, you can say either ‘necd not/needn’t go' or ‘do not/
`the refugee camps. 0 You can go infrontm
`
`don’t need to go'. When describing what someone said in
`
`greater than mine. 0 They We in need If
`the pilsl, ‘necd‘ can be used as a post form: He told me I
`
`so a feeling or State of stt‘onglv want' Of
`needn’t be afraid means He said “You needn ‘t he afraid” -
`
`f3) Auxiliary verhs
`ms to have a desperate need to lie lovednhg
`
`
`“nodules: l'niid-lss/ adj [not g‘adable] - 11‘ something is
`iiimtivc] 0 We have in) med of v
`y
`
`it know about you but I‘in in need 'uofm
`needless,
`it is completely unnecessary: All that needless
`
`as If you’re in need of (, should have) a
`worrying over what I’d say in him at the party, and he
`
`o are in need do not have enough monea
`wasn’t even there! - Needless to say means ‘as you would
`
`oi help: Youjust hope that the money goey
`expect’, and introduces or is added to a remark giving
`
`nost in need. I Need is also the suite 0:
`information which is expected and not at all surprising:
`
`t I leave thepaper by the machine you rt
`
`Needless to say, because of the urculent he had, he’ll be off
`workfor a while.
`’15 the need arises. o If need/needs he im
`
`
`ariofu everyone in, c There is no need (:11:
`need-less-ly i'niid‘lo-Sli/ adv [not gradablel a Shed
`
`ago (0 the shops » there’s plenty offood i
`worried quite needlessly about whether there would be
`
`enoughfoodfor everyone - there was plenty.
`mve] o I don ‘t think there‘s any need [0:
`he meeting. [+ to infinitive] I Having Seer
`
`needs «’nizdz/ adv [not grumble] o I don 't want to work all
`
`
`at lunch, I don't think there's anyVnecd
`weekend, but needs must (, it is necessary, so I will). a and
`
`‘31 about his health! [+ to infinitive] 0 I
`
`or old use) Well, ifthere‘s no choice in the matter [suppose I
`e was angry but there was no need to be
`
`needs must/must needs (* must) attend.
`
`
`was wrong for her In be rude), 0 There’s
`need-Ia SEWING Tog /'nllidl./ n [c] a thin metal pin, used
`
`
`I t) shout, for goodness‘ sake! Just calm
`in sewing, which is pointed at one end and has a hole called
`i (originally 'iiecessity‘) is greater than
`
`an EVF at the other end for thread, or a longer stick. without
`
`yrluuy giving his water bottle to a dyin v
`
`a hole, which is used with another stick of the some type to
`
`lle of Zutphen, shortly before he (hell
`KNIT - a needle and cotton/thread 0 Here, your eyes are
`
`better than mine , could you thread (< put thrcud through)
`
`i/ adj [not grudable] a After six hour»
`
`
`this needlefor me? a What size knitting needles did you use
`ii we sat down for a innchrneeded rest
`
`for that sweater? I If you say that trying to find something
`is like looking for a needle in a haystack, you mean that it
`
`ldt)we had to have). a Most people like to
`
`is impossible or extremely difficult to find. esp. because the
`n - Your needs are the things that you
`
`area you have to Search is too large. t See also NEEDLEWORK.
`
`
`r to have a satisfactory life: Housing
`
`. FE) Handicraft. Pins and needles
`be on and education are basic needs <;
`
`need-la flm’moc /‘ni:-dl/, hyp-ovder-mic need-la n
`
`'j‘ or,~iost-The race
`.
`'
`[C]
`the long hollow pointed part of n HYPODERMIC which
`iiigfiifood to meet their needs.
`.
`
`
`
`goes under the skin when giving an INJECTION (:putting a
`
`cor)people in the «520. “def, Um the sale
`drug, into the body through the skin) a Each needle is sterile
`
`in a The needy are poor people: Let us
`and is disposed ofafter use to prevent the spread uj‘infcction.
`
`o I used to be ter fled of the needle/(Am and Aus infml)
`
`
`the
`£22320: so fortunate as ourselves
`getting needles (: being INJECTED) when I was a hid. - A
`i/ u [not be needing] lie/she/it needs or
`
`
`needle bunk is a place where people who use. (esp. illegal)
`
`- He needs to lose a bit of weight. [+ to
`
`
`drugs can go to exchange their old, dirty or used noodles
`
`
`for new clean ones. 0 W2) Pins and needles
`we‘iiiake a decision, we need to consider
`inltive] v I need to do some shopping on
`need-lo Wowmfl
`/‘m till
`it
`[C]
`on
`a
`compass or
`
`work. [i to infinitive} c We need to find a
`
`measuring device, the thin moving part which points in a
`
`blow of pollution in our cities.
`[+ to
`particular direction or points to a particular measurement
`think we need ask him [+ infinitive
`
`- The needle on a compass always points to magnetic north.
`
`g need be done about this till next week
`
`0 EE> Pins and needles
`
`
`i to] o (slightly fin l) "Need we take vour
`
`need-ls iii/El /‘ni:
`ll_/ n [C] a long thin stiffleat‘ ore FIR
`
`needn’t/1 don 'i
`think we need" [i
`tree a We want a Christmas tree that won ’t drop its needles
`
`I: We needn’tgo tillubuut ten o’clock. [+
`
`all over the Carpet I Pine needles covered the ground under
`
`to] a If you say that someone or
`
`the trees, - FEE) Pins and needles
`in something, you can also mean that
`
`need-la min] /‘n‘u~dl/. sty-lus ii [C] infml the part of a
`rthuin to do it: You needn’t worry — I‘ni
`record player (, a machine on which records are played)
`
`
`it to anyone. [+ infinitive without to] o
`which touches the record as it turns round and which is
`iifgetting to see Italy, and it needn ’t cost
`made ofa hard material, such as a DIAMOND - It sounds like
`
`utive without to] o If you say that
`the needle on your record pluyeriieeds to be replaced.
`
`ito do something, it means either that
`hand-Ia obj [ENE]
`/'ni:
`l]!
`u
`I’I‘]
`infinl
`to
`annoy
`
`they did not have to, or that they [lid
`
`(someone), esp. by repeated criticism I As always, after he
`
`ay did‘not have to: i didn‘t need to buv
`had been with his motherfor a couple ofdays, she had begun
`
`to needle him.
`l+ to infinitive] - (esp. 81') If you tell
`
`I have done smoothing you mean that
`
`need-le-point Whit-(ll paint/ n [U] making a plCtui‘c hy
`[or them [0 have done it, although diey
`
`sewing onto u tightly stretched piece of cloth usmg only
`have washed all those dishes, vou know
`
`one type of stitch o Needlepoint is something ofa dying art.
`myself when I got home. [+ infinitive
`need-less /'niid>las/ adj {not gradable] See at NEED
`
`
`lmsmo
`(in ’t have worried about the dinner
`it
`mus! [+ infinitive Without to] o The
`
`
`needle-work /'£'ui:-dl4w3:k, $-w31rk/ n [U] sewing, esp.
`(I should not) have happened [i
`
`decorative sewing. done by hand with needle and thread -
`i] o Needn‘t can also be used in a
`
`fie) Shopping goods
`
`noun shouldn’t: He needn‘t think I’m
`needn't /‘nii-d°nt/ short form of need not n You needn’t
`
`come until later.
`Iter him all the while," [+ infinitive-
`
`‘zdi/ pl
`ii. adj
`-ier. Jest Scc at NEED
`
`idn ’t laugh! It 11 be your turn next! [i
`o "Did he upset a lot ofpeople at the
`
` ne’er ducal, $nor/ adv [not graduble] poetic never 0 Ne’er
`
`. ask (:Yes, as expected)!" 0 I need
`
`Vlous) what a pleasure it is to see you I
`the night passes without my dreaming ofyou.
`
`Jsly), I'in extremely sorry to hear the
`
`ne'er-do—well
`it'nmduzrwcl, s'new n [C] dated a
`
`worthless person
`r. I Tom was doing the cooking» need
`
`:now what to expect after I have told
`
`
`ne-faorl-ous «’sna‘fca‘ri-os, slur-id adj fnil
`(esp. of
`awed by ‘io'
`infinitive, the he/shc/it
`
`activ1ties)ev11; immoral a The company seems to have been
`
`eds’. When it is used on its own or
`
`involved in some nefarious practices/activities. a It was
`we without ‘to', the heishc/it form is
`
`
`revealed that
`initostors’ savings had been diverted for
`nefarious purposes.
`
`
`id negative sentences, you can follow
`‘i,$-‘lcr-' / advfinl
`na-fa- .ous-Iy/sne'ieo-r
`
`l
`‘
`i
`infinitive, or with an infinitive
`csnos,$«'fer-i-/ niUl/‘nd
`
`dinary DOSlllVE sentences, it can only
`ne-fa- -ous-noss/£ns'fen
`
`
`
`to
`
`is
`
`20
`
`s
`
`z
`
`an
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`lie-gate obj /ni'geit/ v [’1‘] slightly/ml to cause (something)
`to have no effect and therefore to be useless c The increase
`in our profits this year has been negated by the rising costs of
`running the business
`
`inn /ni‘gei-J'“n/ nlU] sligliilyfnil
` na-g
`neg-a-
`oLixfl /£‘uegia»tiv, $-tIV/’ adj expressing ‘no’ t
`We received a negative answer to our request. - A negative
`sentence or phrase is one which contains a word such as
`‘no’t’, ‘nu‘. ‘iiever’ or ‘nothing’: ‘l'ue never seen him in my
`life‘ is a negative sentence. 0 ‘Don’t’and 'do not’are negative
`forms cf ’du ’, I {E} Opposites
`neg-a-tive .i't'neg-a~tiv, S-tiVi’ n a I didn‘t hear your
`answer. Edward 7 was that a negati lid? [C] a I'm afraid the
`reply was in the negative (, was ‘no’)
`[U] 0 Compare
`affirmative at AFFIRM.
`neg-a-tivo-Iy /£‘negee uv-Ii, sis-11w adv
`nog~a~tlve wmom HOPE ,is‘ncg-o»tiv,$-ti\ii aditcnding
`to consider only the bad side of a situation; not hopeful o
`She‘s got such a negative attitude that it’s depressing to he
`with her 0 You’re so negative about everything’ 0 The fact
`that he’s having difficulty breathing is a negative (:noi
`good) sign n Compare POSITIVE Ema .
`
`nog-a- VB-ly/£'ncg-aitlv»ll,$-§lV-/ adv
`neg-a-
`i-sm t'i‘neg-O‘tl-VI
`“in, hurl-l. neg-a-liVul-ty
`
`/£,ncg-a'tiv»I-ti, filo-til n [U] 0 There’s a real attitude of
`negativism amo g the team at the moment.
`
`
`neg-wave ['ET
`’
`”Snag-any, $~tiw adj
`[not
`gradalile] of the we of electrical charge which is carried
`by ELECTRONS - The negative pole (also cathode) of a
`BATTERY is the part which ieleases ELECTRONS, - Compare
`
`PDSlTIVE ELLCTREEE]
`
`negative PHOTOG Am i'S‘negis-[IW s-gm, infml neg
`/ueg/ n [C] a pieu f film from which a photograph can be
`produced, and in which light and dark areas appear the
`opposite way round to the way in which they appear in the
`photograph a
`lilaeh-and-whtie/colour negatives
`0
`I’ve
`borrowed the negatives of her wedding photos so I can get
`somepictures printed.
`[not
`/£'neg-a-tiv, Miv/ adj
`nag-a-tivo TEST utsuufi
`gradahle] (ot‘a medical test) showmg that the patient does
`not have the disease or condition for which he or she has
`been tested a a negative pregnancy test 0 They did an HIV
`
`test on him but fortunately the results were negative. -
`Compare P05] HEM.
`[not
`adj
`neg-a-tive [E Two is 'ncg-o-liv. $vlle/
`gradable] (of a number or amount) less than zero 0 -1 is a
`negative number. O Compare POSITIVE WUVE Zflo .
`neglect (obj) .i'ni‘glekt/ U to give not enough care or
`attention to (people or things that are your responsibility)
`a He neglects that poor dog 7 he never takes himfor walks or
`gives him any attention. [’1‘] 0 I’m afraid I’ve rather neglected
`the house ilii's week so it‘s a bit iifa mess. [T] o lfyou neglect
`to do something, you don’t do it, usually because you
`forget: I’d neglected to tell him that I wouldn’t be home that
`night and he hadn '1 sleptfor worrying. H to infinitive]
`ne-glect /ui'glekt/ n [U] 0 Both parents were found guilty
`ofneglect and their child was taken away/him them. 0 Over
`the years the church Itasfallen into a state ofneglect.
`ne-glect-ed ifini'glck ‘llKl, stut/ adj - She was distressed
`at how neglected the ch ildreii loo/cede their clothes were dirty
`and their hair unwashed.
`ne-gloct-ful i’ni'glckt .fal/ adj a I’m sure my boss thinks
`I’ve been neglertful of my duties recently.
`neg-Ii-gée /£‘negvlr3ci,
`l ,»-‘-/, ugh-gee n [C]
`a
`decorative piece of clothing for a woman which is typically
`worn over a NIGHYDRESS (: a dress worn in bed) and is made
`
`nflight material
`‘eful enough or
`neg-Ii-gent «"neg-li~cl3"nt/ adj not being it
`givmg enough attention to people or things that are your
`responsibility I The judge said that the teacher had been
`negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous
`water.
`neg-Ii-gent-ly("negli-drntili/ adv
`
`neg- I-gence /‘neg-li~d3“nts/ n [U] a My mother accuses
`me of negligence unless lplione her every day. t (law) The
`doctor's failure to diagnose the illness was llI’SK‘l‘lbed to the
`Court as an instance ofgross (I extreme) negligence. ’
`neg‘Ii-gl-bla /‘ucg-liitl3o-hll/ adj
`too slight or small in
`amount to he of importance I The difference in experience
`between the two players is negligible, 0 I have a negligible
`knowledge ochrman
`
`neg-I' gI-bly /‘negili-d33‘l>li/ adv
`nego-tl-ate (obi) Discuss i’ina'gau-J‘i-eu, c-si, $9004
`1:
`to have formal discussions with someone in order to
`
`35
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