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`GOOGLE EXHIBIT 1022
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`Page 1 of 8
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`GOOGLE EXHIBIT 1022
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`
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`.7 AMFR | (AN
`
`An A to Z Guide
`
`DIUIONARY
`0F (0MPUTER
`
`BOSTON ' NEW YORK
`
`to Hardware,
`
`Software, and
`
`Cyberspace
`
`A21
`
`HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
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`Page 2 of 8
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`
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`CONTENTS
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`Picture Credits
`
`DICTIONARY OF COMPUTER WORDS
`
`Acknowledgments
`
`Preface
`
`Subject Index
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`Page 3 of 8
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`
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`Copyright © 1998, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
`means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by
`any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission
`of Houghton Mifflin Company unless such copying is expressly permitted by fed-
`eral copyright law. Address inquiries to Reference Permissions, 222 Berkeley
`Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.
`
`Words included in this Dictionary that are known to have current trademark reg-
`istrations are shown with initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. N0
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any word,
`because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any word in this
`Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the Publisher’s opinion as to
`whether or not it is subject to proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition in this
`Dictionary is to be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`WCT10987654321
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging—in-Publication Data
`
`Compact American dictionary of computer words.
`p.
`cm.
`Prev. eds. published under title : Dictionary of computer words.
`Includes index.
`
`ISBN 0—395-90214-2
`1. Computers — Dictionaries.
`I. Title: Dictionary of computer words.
`QA76. 15.D5259
`1998
`
`004'.03 —- dc21
`
`98-19870
`
`CIP
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
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`EDITORIAL AND
`
`PRODUCTION STAFF
`
`Project Editor
`Steven Kleinedler
`
`Managing Editor
`Chris Leonesio
`
`Production Supervisor
`Beth Rub‘e
`
`Anne Chalmers
`
`Senior Art 8. Production Coordinator
`Margaret Anne Miles
`
`Contributing Editor
`Yousif Asfour
`
`Technical Consultant
`
`Bradley Pritchett
`
`Proofreading
`Janet Bond Wood
`
`Design
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`Page 5 of 8
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`209 Pentium
`
`"I. A light-
`pDA Abbreviation of personal digital assistant.
`weight, hand—held computer ClCVClOped by Apple Computer, Inc.
`See also Newton, palmtop.
`2. A lightweight, hand-held com—
`puter, Often featuring an internal modem and cellular phone to be
`used as a link to a larger computer. Most PDAs are pen compu t-
`as, which have an operating system that supports handwriting
`recognition. Some support voice recognition, allowing you to use
`your voice as input. See also palmtop, pen computer.
`
`PDF Abbreviation of Portable Document Format. A format for
`graphical data that allows a document to retain its appearance
`for display or printing purposes between different operating sys—
`tem platforms.
`
`PDL Abbreviation of page description language.
`
`personal computers and workstations and introduced in 1993.
`
`peer-to-peer network A network of personal computers, each of
`which acts as both clientand server, so that each can exchange
`files and email directly with every other computer on the net-
`work. Each computer can tap into any of the others, although ac-
`cess can be restricted to those files a computer’s user chooses to
`make public. Peer-to-peer networks are cheaper than client/server
`networks but less efficient when large amounts of data need to be
`exchanged. They work best with 20—25 users. Also called file
`sharing network.
`
`pel
`
`{pel]
`
`See pixel.
`
`pen computer A computer, especially a PDA, that lets you input
`and retrieve data by writing with a special pen. One kind of pen
`computer has a light-sensitive detector that allows you to use a
`light pen to select objects on the screen. Most pen computers,
`however, instead have a pressure—sensitive screen that allows you
`to use a stylus directly on the screen. Pen computers can recog-
`nize handwritten characters, and many contain slots in which
`you can insert devices such as modems.
`
`Pentium A trademark for a microprocessor designed by Intel for
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`Pentium II A trademark for a new generation of Pentium proces-
`sors developed by Intel. See also Pentium.
`
`Pentium Pro A trademark for the successor to the Pentium micro-
`processor developed by Intel. The Pentium Pro combines CISC
`and RISC technologies to increase processing speed and is opti-
`mized for 32—bit applications.
`
`peripheral A device, such as a printer, modem, keyboard, mon-
`itor, or hard disk, perceived as distinct from and external to a
`computer’s CPU (central processing unit). Some people call
`monitors and keyboards peripherals, but since a computer might
`be unusable without these devices, others would not consider
`them truly peripheral.
`
`Perl A programming language designed to process strings. Perl
`has become a Widely used programming language for World
`Wide Web applications.
`
`personal communicator A lightweight, hand-held pen computer
`that can access a PIM, fax, modem, voice mail, electronic mail,
`and telephone. Personal communicators are designed to allow
`people who work away from their desks to use their electronic
`equipment from a distance. See also palmtop, PDA;
`
`
`
`Pentium II 210
`
`Pentium is so named because it represents the fifth generation of
`microprocessors from Intel, succeeding the popular 80486 series.
`Pentium performs calculations up to five times faster than the
`486 microprocessor and is fast enough to support such CPU—
`intensive applications as speech recognition and high-bandwidth
`Video.
`
`bles. Personal computers tend to be less costly and less powerf111
`
`personal computer Abbreviated PC A computer built around a
`single microprocessor and designed to be independent of a main—
`frame or any other computer. Personal computers have their
`own operating systems, software, and peripherals so that theY
`can be set up and run Without any additional equipment. PCI'
`sonal computers can be linked to networks by modems or by CH‘
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`211 PIC
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`than workstations, but at the high end of the market personal
`computers can and often do substitute for workstations. Also
`called desktop computer, microcomputer.
`
`personal digital assistant
`
`See PDA.
`
`personal information manager
`
`See PIM.
`
`PgDn Abbreviation Of Page Down key.
`
`PGP A trademark for a popular and powerful public key encryp-
`tion algorithm. See also encryption, decryption, public key cryp-
`tography.
`
`format.
`
`physical Of, relating to, or being hardware. A physical hard disk,
`for example, is a piece of hardware that you can see and feel. It
`may be partitioned into a number of logical drives that function
`as if they were physically separate, so that you could have sev-
`eral logical drives but only one physical drive. Physical memory
`is the RAM chip installed in the computer. Virtual memory
`mimics RAM but is actually located on a hard disk and swapped
`into RAM. See also virtual.
`
`PgUp Abbreviation of Page Up key.
`
`'I. A CD on which the digitized image data of still
`Photo CD
`photographs is stored.
`2. A CD on which digitized image data,
`illustrations, text, and audio data for interactive multimedia
`presentations can be stored.
`3. A trademark for imaging tech-
`nology developed by Eastman Kodak to read and write image
`data to CDs.
`
`physical address An address for data located in physical memory.
`Programs that use Virtual memory must swap Virtual addresses
`for physical addresses.’
`
`[pik] A trademark for the graphics file format used with
`PIC
`the spreadsheet program Lotus 1—2-3. See table at graphics file
`
`Page 8 of 8
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